On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• extracts, several compounds, such as phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and proteins, play crucial roles in reducing metal ions and stabilizing nanoparticles, thereby eliminating the need for harsh chemical catalysts [12][13][14]. This technique is widely regarded as a clean technology as it

• significantly reduces the generation of toxic waste, occupational risks, and environmental impacts [13][14][15]. Furthermore, green-synthesized nanoparticles demonstrate enhanced biocompatibility, improved bioavailability, and reduced cytotoxicity, which broadens their applicability in fields such as dental

• nanoparticles synthesized through green chemistry compared to those obtained via conventional methods. This enhanced activity is frequently attributed to the presence of plant-derived bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and terpenoids, that act as both reducing and capping agents [13]. These

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• focused separately on sources and occurrences in the natural environment [13][14][15], contaminant interactions [16][17], risk assessments [18][19], extraction and analysis methods [20][21], and removal technologies of MPs [22][23] without focusing on water supply systems, which directly affect human

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• diterpenes exhibit promising antileishmanial activity while displaying low toxicity to host cells [13][14][15]. One such compound is a phytol, a highly lipophilic, acyclic monounsaturated diterpene alcohol derived from chlorophyll metabolism in plants [16], and has demonstrated promising antileishmanial

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• findings to temperatures ranging from 13 < T < 293 K, which provide more accurate values for both dωLCC/dT and d2ωLCC/dT2. The corrected values of these derivatives affect the Grüneisen parameters associated with the LCC, even though the other associated thermodynamic parameters remain essentially

• gradients), and mechanical (e.g., pressure variations) stimuli [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. These responses are directly connected with electronic and transport properties, which in turn depend on the equilibrium between emission and absorption of

• state to be emitted or absorbed. Once they decay to their ground state, they become unavailable. This decay process is often accomplished via three-phonon processes (called the Klemens’ channel) and via four-phonon processes [1][2][3][6][7][12][13][16][24]. It is widely known that pressure (P)- and

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• emerging area of catalysis utilizes the ability of piezoelectric materials to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy for subsequent electrochemical reactions [13]. Liu et al. suggested that ultrathin Ni/Fe-LDH modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for better water solubility and

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• conductivity, the implantation of silver ions can also significantly affect the interaction of the material with water molecules, thereby improving its sensing response to changes in air humidity [13]. By modifying the chemical composition and microstructure of the surface, the affinity of the material for air

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• invasiveness and greater biocompatibility [11]. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNs) have been studied for their potential in the oral delivery of insoluble drugs and biological products [12]. Peptides, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists [13], nucleic acids such as RNA [14], insulin [15], and antigens [16] have been

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• neoplasia is a precancerous stage of ESCC [11][12]. However, the cost burden of general endoscopic screening is extremely high, and some predictive models [13][14][15] used in stratified screening still need to be optimized and verified in terms of cost-effectiveness. Recent advancements by Chinese

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• disease cases [13]. Advances in nanomedicine have provided effective solutions, particularly for treating DED [1]. To address challenges in topical ocular drug delivery and to develop products that mimic tear film composition, ocular nanosystems (ONSs) with diameters ranging from 50 to 300 nm are being

• ingredient [1]. NEs are designed as droplets that can potentially replenish the lipid layer in DED patients, mimicking the trilayered structure of the tear film, consisting of lipid, aqueous, and mucin layers [13][15][18][20]. According to the literature, the tear film compromises the stability of NE

• of 0.65 to 13 mg·mL−1 (25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 µL nanoformulation per mL of medium). After incubation for 24 and 72 h, the treatments were removed, and 100 µL of MTT solution (0.5 mg·mL−1) was added to each well, followed by 3 h of incubation under standard culture conditions. To

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• building parts [13], ceramic bilayer actuators [14], and 4D-printed weather-responsive façade shading elements [15]. The underlying principle in these biological examples is often compared to a thermally actuated “bimetal” mechanism [16][17]. The differential expansion or shrinkage of adjacent tissues

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• case studies from MAX IV’s APXPS beamlines. We will not concentrate on the typical reactions (e.g., CO oxidation, ethylene epoxidation, and methanol oxidation) already deeply reviewed elsewhere [5][12][13]. We will instead discuss a few catalysis niche cases dealing with complex catalytic reactions and

• beneath the native oxide layer, as reported in Figure 13. The Ni-Cr-Mo alloy exhibited activity towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is responsible for initiating passivity breakdown due to the dissolution of Mo in its Mo6+ state. This mechanism contrasts with the typical transpassive

Energy spectrum and quantum phase transition of the coupled single spin and an infinitely coordinated Ising chain

• Seidali Seidov,
• Natalia Pugach and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1668–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.117

• levels of such system in the limit of infinitely many logical qubits, and find the energy spectrum of the coupler qubit depending on the state of the logical qubits ensemble. We start our theoretical analysis by mapping the Ising chain Hamiltonian to a Lipkin– Meshkov–Glik (LMG) Hamiltonian [11][12][13

• from , given that our choice between expanding the Hamiltonian (Equation 13) in or was arbitrary. In fact, there is indeed no difference between choosing one over the other, because . We also note that the same spectrum corresponds to the single-spin Hamiltonian This Hamiltonian can be obtained if

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• ]. Given this scenario, bioactive compounds from natural products, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, have garnered interest due to their anticancer and immunomodulatory properties [13][14]. Derivatives from plants, fungi, and microorganisms offer diverse mechanisms of action, including immune

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• induce long-lasting protective immunity through vaccination [12][13]. However, reported incidences of toxicity and side effects of aluminum have raised concerns regarding their safety in childhood vaccines [13]. Consequently, there is a growing need for alternative immunization strategies that not only

• polymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has been investigated [13]. The nanoparticles produced using these synthetic polyesters show neutral or negative zeta potential, which limits the loading of negatively charged macromolecules such as proteins, polypeptides, or DNA [14][20]. The surface of

• nanoparticulate formulations based on biodegradable polymers such as PLA have been investigated [13][27][28][29][30][31][32]. A more detailed approach for use of a delivery system as a new nontoxic and non-inflammatory immunoadjuvant is of great importance to public health. The present study was designed with the

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• of these contaminants includes airborne particles introduced during food processing or handling, degradation of plastic packaging, and, most significantly, contamination from polluted freshwater sources [13]. Primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment methods have been explored to mitigate MP

• significant manual effort, and offer limited coverage. As a result, incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and ML presents a promising solution by enhancing the speed, accuracy, and efficiency of MPs detection, making it a valuable tool in addressing the global challenge of MPs pollution [137]. Figure 13

• fine tuning process parameters for improved performance [139]. Recent advancements in computational modeling and AI have significantly contributed to the development of more efficient and targeted strategies for MP and NP removal. As illustrated in Figure 13, AI and ML models serve as powerful tools

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• manufacturing processes [10][11]. Programming the mechanical properties and fracture behavior by combining FGMs and mechanical metamaterials represents an exciting frontier in materials engineering and computational design [12][13][14]. By embedding FGMs into the hierarchical architecture of mechanical

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• field” systems will form the basis for the practical implementation of quantum internet and telecommunication systems [13][14][15][16]. Among the many possibilities, we will focus on a superconducting platform; it allows one to create sources and mixers for microwave photons, qubits, and qudits with

• lifetime of this artificial atom; in a recent work [29] “coherence” times of T1 = 64–13 μs, Ramsey periods of T2R = 85–16 μs, and Hahn echo times T2E = 93–22 μs for levels of n = 2–10, respectively, have been achieved. It should be noticed that the spectrum of eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian of a real

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• improved active sites and facilitated interfacial charge separation [12]. Activated carbon effectively supports TiO2, enhancing adsorption capacity and loading, which directly impacts photocatalytic efficiency [13]. In contrast to rGO or activated carbon granules, employing carbon cloth as substrates

• 50 ppm to 30% over 3 h, indicating a significant supporting function of singlet hydroxyl radicals. The introduction of KI further reduced the OFL removal to 13% after 3 h of reaction, underscoring the pivotal function of holes as the principal reactive species accountable for the OFL degradation in

• effect may involve (1) carbon cloth possessing a substantial specific surface area and surface mesopores, which offers numerous adsorption sites, thereby concentrating solute molecules near the surface of thin films [13], (2) the transfer of photogenerated electrons from TiO2 to the conductive carbon

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• magnetic heads for recording and reading information, memory cells, and other devices [11] which utilize magnetic properties of materials. Magnetic properties of nanofilms [12][13], in particular cobalt nanofilms, represent an important subject of research in both theoretical and practical fields of

• Josephson contacts [13]. These nanomaterials are widely used [17][18][19] in the creation of individual qubits and quantum computers in general, superconducting microcircuits and interferometers, single photon detectors [20] and other devices of quantum electronics and spintronics. Mathematical Model for

• in the opposite direction, which is demonstrated in the right part of Figure 7. For nanofilms with a thickness of 13–20 crystalline layers, the formation of Neel walls dividing the modeled sample into domains with opposite directions of magnetic moments is observed. As a result, the total

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• electronic devices has created fertile ground for the convergence of flexible electronics with lifetime-controllable material systems [13]. This confluence has given rise to the emerging field of transient electronics, that is, devices engineered to function over a defined time window before undergoing

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• conductivities resulted in NPs of different morphology, structure, and optical characteristics. It should be noted that, as a rule, NPs of nearly spherical morphology are formed by PLAL under typical experimental conditions. Non-spherical NPs were also reported to be produced by PLAL [13]; but this requires

• special configurations of laser ablation experiments, such as laser ablation in an applied external electrical field [14][15][16], variation of liquid composition [13], laser ablation at increased liquid temperature [17][18], and using different light polarization (linear or circular) [19]. As a result, a

• number of approaches have been adopted to the formation of semiconducting nanowires and hybrid nanostructures by PLAL, including one-dimensional nanowires, nanotubes, and nanoribbons, as well as two-dimensional nanosheets and nanobelts [13][20][21]. Exemplary applications of laser ablation techniques for

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• reverse osmosis [9]. The adsorption process stands out as a promising approach due to its high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, ease of processing, and capability to recover trace metal ions [10][11][12][13]. This process utilizes nanomaterials bearing appropriate functional groups to bind metal ions

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• IONPs, using either amine- or carboxylic acid-functionalized IONPs, especially when biomolecules, such as proteins or peptides, are involved [3][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Sharpless et al. [6] have generally defined “click chemistry” as chemical processes that are highly selective, have a high

• for the preparation of functional IONPs capped with either alkynes or azides [8][13][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The thiol–maleimide Michael addition reaction is another commonly employed click reaction [28][29][30][31], which can be performed at room temperature by simply mixing

• , in these experiments, PPA was added to a final concentration of 180 mM, which falls in the upper region of the typical amine concentrations used in the literature (≈0.1–300 mM) [7][13]. To demonstrate that our results are not simply an artifact of the higher amine concentration used, we performed a

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• effectively treat brain cancer cells. These nanocarriers helped drugs stay longer in the body, get to the brain tumor by crossing protective barriers, and directly target cancer cells [13]. However, carbon nanotubes require further investigation before being implanted into the human body due to their toxicity

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• including mono- and bimetallic NPs with distinctive structural features such as unique catalytic and plasmonic properties that cannot be achieved by conventional methods [13][14]. The latest review on gold-based NPs by PLAL discusses how laser parameters (e.g., wavelength, pulse duration, and fluence) and

• technique creates uniform coatings on a substrate by directing an atomized stream of molten material droplets onto it [140]. A schematic representation of an ultrasonic spray deposition setup is provided in Figure 13. The thickness of the film is mainly determined by factors such as the distance between the