Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• ), averaging over 720,000 pulses. One measured spectrum is sorted into the 2D image shown in Figure 7 by using the time difference between the pump signal and the probing signal. The 2D image averages over 720,000 gas pulses. Using the O 1s and N 1s core levels (Figure 7A–D), it is possible to follow both the

• − OOH, 4 − gas phase water. (c) Top view of the DFT-optimized model of the O2H–H2O/Co/TPyP/GR system. (d,e) Side views of the same system with an additional water molecule in the gas phase from two different points of view, to show the order-2 rotational symmetry of the CoTPyP, with a saddle shape

• a hydrogen-rich mixture H2/O2 9:1 sccm). (c) Average spectrum of 10 individual C 1s spectra recorded before and during the pulse. (d) Schematic representation of the five Gr/Ir(111) intercalation structures that define the five components used to fit the data. The position of each C 1s component is

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• hydroxide. Thus, all data demonstrate a good performance of the nanoprecipitation method to generate small-sized protein-loaded polymeric nanoparticles which can be used as a novel immunoadjuvant. Experimental Material Poly(D,L-lactic acid) (D,L-PLA) 50:50 (inherent viscosity 0.63 dL·g−1 at 30 °C) was

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• Lina M. Rojas Gonzalez Naeim Ghavidelnia Christoph Eberl Max D. Mylo Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, D

• -79110 Freiburg, Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials (IWM), Wöhlerstr. 11, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.113 Abstract Biological systems and their structural and functional adaptations provide valuable insights into increasing the longevity of engineered materials. A

• compartments (∼2 g each) to create either a linear gradient (Figure 2C,D) or a bidirectional gradient (Figure 2E,F) with respect to the glass fiber content of the PP. For the bidirectional gradient, the glass fiber content (PP/PPGF of 0/100) was highest in the middle compartment and decreased towards the

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• also satisfied (the capacity of JJ can be estimated as CJ = εε0S/d, ε = 10, and d = 2 nm for an AlOx film). This implementation has a number of significant drawbacks; the system takes up a lot of space on the chip, and the impedance matching for the JJ system and the resonator is a problem

• = −0.02ω0. Panel (a) corresponds to the resonant case at Δω = 0, panel (b) corresponds to the optimal frequency for efficient population of the first state Δω = 0.04ω0, panel (c) corresponds to the optimal frequency for efficient population of the second state Δω = 0.06ω0, and panel (d) corresponds to the

• each considered state: (a) g = 0.213ω0, (b) g = 0.219ω0, (c) g = 0.225ω0, and (d) g = 0.231ω0. k0 = 4 photons are chosen to be initially in the quantum field mode. The horizontal black dashed lines correspond to the theoretical values of the detuning (Equation 15), which is close enough to the

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• TiO2 nanowires, while largely retaining their original one-dimensional morphology. Figure 1b–d presents representative FESEM images of the resulting TiO2 nanowires uniformly deposited on the carbon cloth substrate. Each carbon fiber is evenly coated with quasi-aligned nanowires that radiate outward

• , respectively [21][22][23]. Characteristic peaks corresponding to brookite TiO2 can also be seen in the XRD pattern and the Raman spectrum of CC/NW-450 °C. The Raman spectrum in Figure 2b also indicates the degree of disorder in the carbon cloth by the ratio (ID/IG) of the disorder-induced (D) band (≈1350 cm−1

• of the hydrogen peroxide additive Figure 6a–d presents the photocatalytic degradation curves of OFL with various concentrations of 50, 75, 100, and 200 ppm, assisted by the carbon cloth-supported TiO2 nanowires and in the presence of H2O2 with various concentrations. The corresponding reaction rate

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• , published by Springer Nature), with permission from SNCSC. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (d) Biodegradable and self-deployable electrode (left) for minimally invasive large-area brain interfacing (right). Figure 1d was adapted from [27] (J.-Y. Bae et al., “A biodegradable and self-deployable

• Polymers”, Adv. Mater., vol. 26, pages 3905–3911, 2014, with permission from John Wiley and Sons. Copyright © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (d) Wafer-scale detachment of ultrathin silicon devices fabricated via foundry processes for transient

• to CC BY 4.0. Funding This work was supported by the National R&D Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (Grant No. RS-2025-02305569 and RS-2025-00561988).

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• ) profiles. TEM images of Si nanoparticles prepared using (a, b) Bessel, (c) annular, and (d) Gaussian beams. SEM images of the Si nanoparticles, prepared using the Bessel beam. HRTEM images of the particles prepared by laser ablation of a Si wafer with (a, b) Bessel, (c) annular, and (d) Gaussian laser

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

•  1a. The Raman spectrum exhibits two characteristic peaks, namely, the D peak at 1337 cm−1 and the G peak at 1569 cm−1. The ratio of the intensities of D and G peaks (ID/IG) has increased from 0.89 to 1.11 after MA functionalization, indicating a successful transformation of carbon atoms from sp2 to

• first peak, with higher intensity, corresponds to the (002) plane of graphite indicating a d-spacing (d002) of 0.34 nm, and the second peak ° is associated with the (100) planes of graphite. Both peaks are characteristic to the graphitic crystal lattice of CNTs [44]. Hence, XRD results indicate that the

• . Moreover, the applicability of Langmuir model confirms that the adsorption occurs on specific, identical sites of the CNTs-G5 surface (Figure 4c,d and Supporting Information File 1, Table S2). A recent study has observed multilayer adsorption in graphene/CNT-PAMAM hybrid materials [48], supported by

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• denser packing of Cy5, which allows for the formation of H-aggregates, resulting in the observed broadening. The C 1s XPS spectra of IONP-3,4-DHBA, IONP-PPA, and the EDC/NHS-free PPA control are presented in Figure 4, fitted using four peaks (A–D), whose assignments can be found in the legend. Peak B is

• the IONP-PPA surface, indicating at least some PPA is binding through the intended route. Peaks C and D appear consistent, in terms of relative intensities, between all samples. The N 1s spectra (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2) are complicated by the closely spaced bands associated with

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• surrounding solvent, owing to the efficient light absorption capability of the NPs and their limited thermal transfer to the solvent. [35][63][72][73][74]. LIL also leads to phase transitions and morphological changes (Figure 7a–d) depending on the laser fluence and irradiation time [42]. Schematic

• over other fabrication methods, such as spin coating, is the ability to minimize material loss, which can be as low as 5% [112]. The process involves positioning a sharp blade at a fixed distance from the substrate (Figure 12a). The final dry thickness of the coated film, d can be predicted using an

• megahertz range). The NPs were further analyzed regarding phase, composition, electrical surface charge, and charge modulation mechanisms. EPD of a Au colloidal solution prepared by laser ablation in different solvents has been reported [131]. Figure 14a–d presents the structural and morphological

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• different LED irradiation times. FESEM images of silver nanoparticles after (a) 6 h, (b) 24 h, and (c) 72 h of LED irradiation, and (d) histogram of their size distributions. TEM images of silver nanoparticles after 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of LED irradiation. XRD spectrum of AgNPrs after 72 hours of LED

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• nanowire coated with parylene-C polymer, and (d) a laser-exposed platinum electrode. Scale bars are 10 μm. (a) Optical image of electrochemically deposited copper nodule on platinum nanowire tip. Scale bar is 10 μm. (b) SEM image of the deposited thin copper layer on the platinum nanowire tip of an

• ) Logarithmic fit for peak current as a function of dopamine concentration. (d) LoD analysis results at low concentrations after baseline subtraction. (a) Forward scan of selected glucose CV test. (b) Reverse scan of selected glucose CV test. (c) Linear fit for peak current as a function of glucose

• concentration. (d) LoD analysis results at low concentrations after baseline subtraction. (a) DENA setup. (b) Customized cuvette. (c) Diagram of DENA setup. Diagram of parylene-C coating system. (a) Laser exposure setup. (b) Diagram of setup. Oxidation reaction of dopamine. Glucose oxidation series reactions

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• PDA peaks in the NMR spectra, resulting in the absence of observable characteristic peaks of PDA. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to evaluate the membrane’s thermal stability, with the results presented in Figure 2b–d. The minimal differences observed among the three TGA curves also indicate

• and exothermic events for the three materials (Figure 2b–d). These differences in transition temperatures confirm the successful surface modification of CTA with PDA and the subsequent successful deposition of Ag nanoparticles. The unique thermal signatures observed in the DTA curves provide clear

• ][32][33][34]. In comparison, no peaks of Ag are observed in CTA and PCTA (Figure 3c,d). Under alkaline conditions (pH > 7.5), dopamine can spontaneously polymerize into PDA in the presence of oxygen (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1a) [31][35][36]. During the preparation of PCTA, alkaline

Automated collection and categorisation of STM images and STS spectra with and without machine learning

• Dylan Stewart Barker and
• Adam Sweetman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1367–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.99

• operator once the experiment is complete, to process the resultant data for analysis. (a) Structure of tin phthalocyanine (SnPc). Side-on view of SnPc, illustrating its non-planar nature in the (b) SnUp and (c) SnDown configurations. (d) and (e) show constant-current STM images of the SnUp and SnDown

• , (b), followed by a CC-based classification, (c). If the CC image classification determines the tip to be “good”, the script moves onto another I(z) classification, (d), followed by an analysis step to find a clean substrate area, (e). Using the area found in (e), the script obtains 15 I(V) spectra

• over different positions, (f). The script then locates the different configuration of molecules present in the scan, (g), before obtaining I(V) spectra over the centre positions of each molecule, (h). In the classification steps (a), (c), and (d), if the tip is classified to be “bad”, the script will

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• of nanotube kinetics, which involves switches between growth, pauses, shrinkage, and structure change during growth [20]. Pauses (Figure 3c,d) cannot be efficiently traced by the Hungarian method or Kalman filter, necessitating manual verification to ensure correct assignment of newly grown segments

• to the same or another close nanotube (Figure 3). Despite this final manual check, automating recognition and tracking steps has accelerated kinetic extraction, significantly enhanced the time resolution of kinetic curves (Figure 3b–d), and increased the repeatability of kinetic measurements. A

• consistency between the two approaches. Statistical testing (Table 1) supports this: While one instance of growth rate comparison (Figure 4a) yielded a statistically significant difference (p = 0.026), the associated effect size was small (d = 0.213), indicating only a minor practical difference. All other

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• power values increase, HSFL begin to deteriorate, and LSFL do not manifest uniformly across the surface, as depicted in Figure 2c,d. This increased power leads to more debris accumulation, resulting in inadequate formation of HSFL. Furthermore, with an increase in power, the surface cannot sustain LIPSS

• per beam spot area, f represents the repetition rate of the laser (1 kHz), d denotes the spot diameter at the focal point, and v signifies the scanning speed of the linear stage. As evidenced in Figure 3A, the spatial periodicity of both LSFL and HSFL remains consistent even with an increase in the

• depth of LIPSS for the broadband in the existing literature. As we know, energy penetration depth under intense femtosecond laser irradiation can be described by the following equation: where d is the skin depth of the material, is the intensity-dependent complex refractive index, and is the

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• , θ is the Bragg angle in radians, β is the full width at half maximum of the peak in radians, D is the particle size, and k is a constant with a value of 0.9. As shown in Table 1, an increase in the deposition current and VO(acac)2 concentration led to narrower peak widths and larger crystallite

• -splitting applications. (a) XRD patterns of BiVO4(146), BiVO4(224), BiVO4(226), BiVO4(324), and BiVO4(326) photoanodes. FESEM images of (a), (c), and (e) BiOI film under various intensities of current deposition, and (b) BiVO4(146), (d) BiVO4(226), (f) BiVO4(326), and (g) BiVO4(324) films. (a) UV–vis

• curves, (c) hole injection efficiency (ηsurface) curves, and (d) EIS plots for each photoanode. (a) LSV curves under chopped illumination, (b) IPCE curves for each photoanode, and (c) chronoamperometry curve of BiVO4(326) measured at 1.23 V vs RHE under continuous AM1.5G illumination in 0.50 M Na2SO4 for

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• easiest to use for biomedical applications as they lack mature DNA and other organelles [26]. There are various methods to load agents inside or attach onto the surface of RBCs by either chemical or physical methods such as (A) hypotonic presealing, (B) hypotonic loading, (C) electroporation, and (D

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• Tuyen B. Ly Duong D. T. Nguyen Hieu D. Nguyen Yen T. H. Nguyen Bup T. A. Bui Kien A. Le Phung K. Le Institute for Tropical Technology and Environmental Protection, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), VNU-HCM, Ho Chi Minh

• strawberries were covered with a white layer of fungi. Effect of NC and PE-CEO on properties of biopackaging materials. (a) FTIR spectra, (b) DTG, (c) XRD, and (d) tensile strength and elongation at break. Effect of cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion concentration (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% (v/w)) on

• properties of biopackaging materials. (a) FTIR spectra, (b) water vapor permeability, (c) TGA, and (d) DTG. SEM images of the samples. (a) Nanocellulose (NC), (b) biopackaging (BP), (c) NC-reinforced biopackaging (rBP), and (d) reinforced biopackaging with PE-CEO at 6% (v/w) (rCBP). Bioactive properties of

Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• the aqueous one, strengthening their suitability for topical drug delivery strategies. Macroscopic characteristics of solubilized systems: (A) water (0.4 mg/mL), (B) absolute ethanol (1 mg/mL), (C) 50% (v/v) ethanol (0.4 mg/mL), and (D) 50% (v/v) ethanol with 10% (w/w) P407 (0.4 mg/mL). Solubilization

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli Vitor D. C. Cristo Ivo J. Vieira Francisco J. A. Lemos Arnoldo R. Facanha Raimundo Braz-Filho Gustavo V. T. Batista Luis G. M. Basso Sergio H. Seabra Thalya S. R. Nogueira Felipe F. Moreira Aricia L. E. M. Assis Antonia E. A. Oliveira Katia V. S. Fernandes Laboratório de

• containing rotenoids (CFD – RI and RII). C) Controlled ionic gelation of CS with TPP-β-CD inclusion complex. D) Controlled ionic gelation of CS with TPP-β-CD inclusion complex containing rotenoids (CFD – RI and RII). FTIR analysis of pure rotenoids and chitosan-based nanoparticles. A) FTIR spectra of pure

• diameter (d), polydispersity index, and average zeta potential (mV) obtained by DLS. Funding This work was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico (CNPq) and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• distinct molecular orientations, denoted as A, B, C, and D in Figure 3. Adsorption energies for these orientations are calculated and presented below in Table 4, with values of −0.389, −0.657, −0.593, and −0.440 eV for A, B, C, and D orientations driven by the physisorption phenomenon, respectively. Among

• electronic charge transfer from CP to ZnS NT for each molecule orientation (see below Table 4). The corresponding charge transfers are 0.073e, 0.095e, 0.109e, and 0.06e for orientations A, B, C, and D, respectively. The electronic charge transfer led by the weak physisorption phenomenon plays a critical role

• , and projected density of states (DOS) calculations. This analysis provides critical insights into how the adsorption of CP molecules affects the electronic behavior of the NT. The band structure and DOS profile for pristine ZnS NT and CP-adsorbed ZnS NT in orientations A, B, C, and D are shown in

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• a NanoScope V controller operated in fluid conditions throughout all experiments, using a pre-assembled fluid chamber with the appropriate solutions within a sealed O-ring. The instrument was operated in contact mode using MLCT probes from Bruker, cantilever D with a nominal spring constant of 0.03

• bacterial body, which ultimately significantly alters the profile of the obtained force response. In Figure 4C,D, histograms from FV maps for the obtained values for k and Y are given for the case of Milli-Q water. The rest of the data is given in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4. Although expected

• sample. D) Dimensions of PA obtained from AFM in different measured osmolarity conditions. Nanomechanical maps of PA were obtained in FV mode for the three investigated conditions with a maximal loading force of 500 pN. The physical parameters shown are height (A, D, G), stiffness (B, E, H), and Young’s