Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• which enables controlled and nontoxic biological interactions [18]. The hydrophilicity of the nanocarriers is important, as native hydrophobic surfaces of NPs are rapidly opsonized by hydrophobic serum proteins [19]. For this, surface functionalization has a major role [18]. It alters the surface

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

• Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Xiaodong Jia,
• Marianna Kotzabasaki,
• Christiana Gousiadou,
• Stacey Lynn Harper and
• Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97

• days (Figure 5). These data were obtained from ChEMBL [47][48] (assay ID = CHEMBL1913666 [49], retrieved on 20th November 2019). They were treated as pseudo-ENM data samples, with the modelled toxic and non-toxic classes being assigned on the basis of whether the data were reported as “toxic” vs

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• , which corresponds to the equivalent total experimental irradiation time of 30 ms with the beam parameters from [22]. A snapshot of the system at the end of the 20th FEBID cycle is presented in Figure 4. Panels A–D of Figure 4 correspond to different amounts of energy transferred to the medium via Pt–P

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• ]. Although traditional materials provide good structural analogues for native bone and surrounding tissue, they are difficult to mimic the dynamics and complexity of the natural environment [9]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new generation of biomaterials to improve strategies for natural tissue

pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

• Karishma Berta Cotta,
• Sarika Mehra and
• Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

• (sanction letter No.: SB/S3/CE/059/2014). Partial financial support was also obtained from the Wadhwani Research Centre for Bioengineering, IIT Bombay.

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• efficient, renewable energies with broad availability has become one of the most important challenges of our century. With a usable radiation energy per year that is several times larger than the energy consumption of the world [1], solar energy is a suitable source for future energy supply. However, there

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

• century [1]. From its beginnings as primarily an imaging tool [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] it was established as a key tool in nanofabrication [10][11][12][13][14][15], defect engineering [16][17], and recently for material analysis [18][19]. The extended range of applications in which the second-generation

• measurements were performed to assess if and how the crystal structure of the sample was altered during different polishing procedures. For each sample, EBSD measurements were performed on the bulk specimen, thus the native Cu TEM grid serves as a true control sample. Thin foils of each specimen were then

Self-assembly of Eucalyptus gunnii wax tubules and pure ß-diketone on HOPG and glass

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.70

• separation of the ß-diketones from the bulk material after solvent evaporation. Such a process could not be observed here for the eucalyptus wax, but was found in earlier studies with native wax mixtures of nonacosanol waxes [42]. Conclusion Tubules were recrystallized from E. gunnii wax and from a ß

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

Impact of GaAs(100) surface preparation on EQE of AZO/Al₂O₃/p-GaAs photovoltaic structures

• Piotr Caban,
• Rafał Pietruszka,
• Jarosław Kaszewski,
• Monika Ożga,
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Piotr Kuźmiuk,
• Katarzyna Gwóźdź,
• Ewa Płaczek-Popko,
• Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 578–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.48

• presence of an amorphous film of native oxides gives rise to midgap surface states in GaAs [8] which results in Fermi-level pinning [9]. Due to a high surface-related recombination velocity, a decrease in the photoluminescence (PL) of the semiconductor is also observed [7]. These phenomena have strong and

• the removal of the native oxide layer followed by an adequate surface passivation technique [13] and/or by a proper choice of the dielectric and its deposition method. Regarding the dielectric, the most common ones are aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and hafnium dioxide (HfO2) for which the preferable

• deposition method is ALD [14][15]. Removal of native oxide layer and protection of such an obtained surface can be done in many ways. In the case of wet-etching techniques, the most popular GaAs native oxide etchants are based on acidic and basic solutions. In order to etch the oxide, one can treat the

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• sample stored at 4 °C leading to an overlap, which indicates size and shape stability of the nanoparticles [48]. Dynamic light scattering: Historically, the first approaches to describe interactions between light and nanostructures were published in the early 20th century. Currently, the most popular

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

• simple techniques for the prediction and synthesis of native ligands for specific receptors. Advances in molecular targets for cancer therapy and their implications in nanoscale targeting strategies will be briefly presented in the following part of the article. EGFR is a member of the ErbB family of

Spontaneous shape transition of Mn_xGe_1−x islands to long nanowires

• S. Javad Rezvani,
• Luc Favre,
• Gabriele Giuli,
• Yiming Wubulikasimu,
• Isabelle Berbezier,
• Augusto Marcelli,
• Luca Boarino and
• Nicola Pinto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 366–374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.30

• . Experimental Samples were grown in a MBE chamber with a base pressure of 3 × 10−11 Torr. Ge(111) wafers were ultrasonically cleaned in methanol and trichloroethylene, followed by removal of the native oxide using sulfuric acid and formation of a volatile oxide by dipping in H2O2/NH3OH/H2O. Prior to Mn

Intracranial recording in patients with aphasia using nanomaterial-based flexible electronics: promises and challenges

• Qingchun Wang and
• Wai Ting Siok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 330–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.27

• language. Over the last century, researchers from multiple disciplines, including biology, psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, and cognitive science, have attempted to understand the nature of aphasia. The research techniques used include classical post-mortem and histological procedures, and modern

• area should serve a specific function, and many of them were later found to have a specific role in processing. Although the cortical structure is found to be more complex and heterogeneous than Brodmann suggested, his cytoarchitecture maps remain popular and useful today. In the last century

• equally to word and nonword strings, likely responsible for prelexical letter integration. In contrast, a region in the anterior fusiform gyrus was sensitive to word lexicality (words > nonwords), semantic content, and context. This region could be responsible for concept representation addressable by

Gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene precursors for focused electron beam-induced deposition

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Aya Mahgoub,
• Cornelis W. Hagen and
• Mats Tilset

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 257–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.21

• precursors under electron irradiation [53]. EDX analyses of the deposits show the presence of silicon and oxygen, which are not present in the precursor molecules. Their presence is likely to come from the silicon substrate with its native oxide surface layer. The triazole-based compound 6 is the best

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• investigation of the membrane itself, there are intricate issues concerning the applied forces during cell surface–nanoprobe interactions. For example, cellular responses, such as cytoskeleton rearrangements and repair of the extracellular matrix, may be triggered. Thus, the native state of the membrane may

• coatings of positively charged plasma-polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) or negatively charged Au were used, see below. Viability tests (MTS) were performed on glass, sputter-deposited Au, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and PPAAm coating with native titanium and cell culture plastic as reference. Cell viability

Toward graphene textiles in wearable eye tracking systems for human–machine interaction

• Ata Jedari Golparvar and
• Murat Kaya Yapici

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.14

• executes the designated action. For instance, considering the case of a blink, which is attributed to the mouse click or “select” action, at cursor speeds above a maximum threshold, there is the possibility that the user attempts to click and select a specific letter but misses it due to the latency in

• , in a standard QWERTY keyboard, instead of performing one swift left eye movement to initiate continuous movement of the cursor from letter “A” to letter “K,” one can perform seven swifts left movements to traverse the cursor one at a time to its nearest neighbor in the initiated direction of movement

• (Figure 4a). Alternatively, five swift right movements can be performed to do the same task but in a comparatively faster way (Figure 4b). To illustrate this, five volunteers have participated in a study to test the system by writing randomly generated six-letter sequences, summarized in Table 2, together

Imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells by helium ion microscopy

• Natalie Frese,
• Patrick Schmerer,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Matthias Schürmann,
• Matthias König,
• Michael Westphal,
• Friedemann Weber,
• Holger Sudhoff and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 172–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.13

• optimized for each magnification level. All HIM images were recorded with 1024 × 1024 pixels. Before imaging, each sample was stored in the vacuum chamber of the microscope at 3.3 × 10−7 mbar for at least 24 h to remove most volatile organic contaminants. Results and Discussion A comparison between a native

• and an infected Vero E6 cell at multiple magnification levels is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1a shows a sequence of four HIM images of native Vero E6 cells (mock-infected). Figure 1b displays a sequence of HIM images of Vero E6 cells after they have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 at a multiplicity of

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• for blood purification and to inhibit heart palpitations [44]. Silver was used in forms of aqueous solutions, coins, and plates for aseptic and antibacterial applications, as well as in food and dairy preservation up until the 19th century, as it was agreed that food and dairy products kept in silver

• its unique ability to provide advice for synthesizing nanomaterials. The biogenic/green metal nanostructures’ future is bright. Green processes are highly advantageous since they utilize naturally occurring processes to synthesize nanoparticles. The idea was first introduced in the 19th century when

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

Mapping of integrated PIN diodes with a 3D architecture by scanning microwave impedance microscopy and dynamic spectroscopy

• Rosine Coq Germanicus,
• Peter De Wolf,
• Florent Lallemand,
• Catherine Bunel,
• Serge Bardy,
• Hugues Murray and
• Ulrike Lüders

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1764–1775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.159

• sensitive to surface charges (often induced by the sample preparation process) and the quality of the native oxide on the scanned silicon surface. When the sMIM probe scans a doped semiconductor, the tip–sample system forms a nano-MIS capacitor exhibiting a corresponding capacitance Cnano. The sMIM-C signal

• a function of the applied bias is recorded. This replaces the subjective approach of guessing the regions of interest (for single-point spectroscopy) by a big data approach, resulting in higher-dimensional data that can be sliced along any axis or plane enabling principal component analysis. Figure

• (including native oxides and surface charge effects). However, the sMIM-C results show a very good signal contrast for both p-type and n-type semiconductors at different levels as well as for lightly doped layers, metallic contacts, oxides, and thin dielectric layers. Therefore, the sMIM methodology provides

Functional nanostructures for electronics, spintronics and sensors

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1704–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.152

• ; Nanotechnology and functional nanostructures, exciting trends of the 21st century, are topics that have penetrated and influenced nearly all areas of human activity: from microelectronics to biology, from aerospace to medicine, from agriculture to novel materials engineering. One of the areas of nanoscience and

Walking energy harvesting and self-powered tracking system based on triboelectric nanogenerators

• Mingliang Yao,
• Guangzhong Xie,
• Qichen Gong and
• Yuanjie Su

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1590–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.141

• are able to continuously light up 110 light-emitting diode bulbs. In addition, a self-powered location-tracking system was prepared for pedestrian volume counting and passenger tracing with the purpose of reducing energy consumption in public areas. The proposed walking energy harvesting device is

• passenger tracing. This design could be utilized in low-traffic areas or public passages at night to provide an alternative for energy harvesting and conservation in modern cities. Conclusion In sum, we demonstrated that an undulated electrode-based TENG can be used to harvest walking energy from

• , including men, women and children. In addition, integrated with six sensing channels along a public aisle, a self-powered location-tracking system was constructed for pedestrian volume counting and passenger tracing. This work paves the way for the application of triboelectric sensors in intelligent cities

Controlling the proximity effect in a Co/Nb multilayer: the properties of electronic transport

• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Andrey Schegolev,
• Roman Morari,
• Yury Khaydukov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1336–1345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.118

• current and the pair of microwires was used to test an induced potential difference. Each contact was marked with a letter. Therefore, each measurement was denoted by a pair of letters ("RT","TV", etc.). All the low-temperature measurements performed in this work were done using a cryogen-free magnet

• structure used for the critical temperature measurements (each contact was marked with a letter). Resistance as a function of the temperature (a) without an initial magnetization of the sample, at a current I = 20 μA, and (b) after remagnetization in the longitudinal direction, at a current I = 1 mkA. Each

• contact in the “centipede-like” structure was marked with a letter. Therefore, each measurement was denoted by a pair of letters ("RT", "TV", etc.). (a) The output current, iout, of the inductive synapse versus the geometric inductance, lp, and the sum of the controlled kinetic inductors of the arms, Σl