Biological responses to NPs
Nanoscale particles are known to exhibit novel properties that make them different from their corresponding bulk-scale materials. Concerns have been raised that the very same properties that make them interesting might also have negative health effects, which cannot easily be derived from the known toxicity of the macroscopic material. Hence, major gaps in the knowledge necessary for assessing their risk to human health currently exist. There is also a lack of existing methodologies to improve techniques for nanoparticle characterization, their detection in biological systems, as well as the biological activity of such systems. The complexity of this problem is amplified by the huge variety of nanoscale materials and potential biomolecules and cells. This special issue mostly contains mini-reviews, which summarize the current and previous work of the contributing groups performing research in this field.
- Full Research Paper
- Published 19 Dec 2013
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Figure 1: Representative transmission (A) and scanning electron (B) images of PVP-coated AgNP.
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Figure 2: Particle number distribution of PVP-AgNP by dynamic light scattering (Nano Zetasizer ZS, Malvern, H...
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Figure 3: Particle intensity distribution of PVP-AgNP by dynamic light scattering (Nano Zetasizer ZS, Malvern...
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Figure 4: LDH levels in BALF 24 hours after intratracheal instillation of PVP-AgNP. Values are mean ± SEM; n ...
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Figure 5: Total protein levels in BALF 24 hours after the intratracheal instillation of PVP-AgNP. Values are ...
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Figure 6: Cytokine levels in BALF 24 hours after the intratracheal instillation of PVP-AgNP (A: proinflammato...
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Figure 7: Cell counts in BALF 24 hours after the instillation of PVP-AgNP. AM: Alveolar macrophages. Values a...
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Figure 8: Representative BAL cell image after the intratracheal instillation of 250 µg PVP-AgNP. Gray arrows ...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 21 May 2014
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Figure 1: Number distribution of nanoparticle size including corresponding TEM micrographs as inserts of (A) ...
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Figure 2: Representative laser scanning microscope images of murine embryos (projections of 10 optical sectio...
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Figure 3: Representative stereo microscope images of murine blastocysts (A) after silver nanoparticle-injecti...
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Figure 4: Gene expression after normalization based on globin/beta-actin transcript abundance. Values are mea...
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Figure 5: Beta actin expression after normalization with globin. Values are mean ± SD.
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 26 Aug 2014
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Figure 1: Scanning electron microscopic image (A) of Ag NPs deposited on a silicon wafer. The particle size d...
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Figure 2: Illustrated are triple cell co-cultures at the air–liquid interface and under submerged conditions,...
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Figure 3: Ag NP aggregates were found in the upper cell layer of the transwell membrane. A representative ima...
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Figure 4: Extracellular LDH release was quantified relative to the untreated control (reference: red dashed l...
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Figure 5: The extracellular release of pro-inflammatory markers was analysed by ELISA. Excreted TNF-α (A and ...
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Figure 6: 4 and 24 h after cell exposure, the total RNA content was collected. Subsequent analysis by real-ti...
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- Published 27 Aug 2014
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Figure 1: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of representative ASP used in the study. Scale bar = ...
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Figure 2: Microscopy-based assessment of cell vitality by analyzing ASP-induced morphological changes. (A/B) ...
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Figure 3: Impact of ASP30 on the cellular metabolic activity. (A/B/C) Caco-2 cells were incubated with the in...
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Figure 4: Automated microscopy to analyze the impact of exposure to ASP30 on the cell viability. Caco-2 cells...
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Figure 5: Quantification of the impact of ASP30 on the cell viability. Determination of the ratio of the aver...
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Figure 6: The protein corona ameliorates ASP-induced toxicity in GI-tract models. (A/B) Caco-2 cells or HT-29...
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Figure 7: Uptake of fluorescently labeled ASPs. (A/B) Automated microscopy to quantify time-dependent cellula...
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Figure 8: SDS-PAGE analysis to demonstrate the efficient formation of a protein corona around ASP. The indica...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 02 Sep 2014
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Figure 1: Characterization of nanocrystals and uptake into liver cells in vivo. (A) Oleic acid-stabilized SPI...
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Figure 2: Cryo-electron microscopy of hepatic nanocrystals uptake. SPIOs-micelles (left panel) or polymer-emb...
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Figure 3: Impact of internalized SPIOs on gene expression. Wild type BALB/c mice were intravenously injected ...
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Figure 4: LDL receptor dependent uptake of QDs-micelles and LDL. Native LDL (red) and QDs-micelles (green) we...
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Figure 5: QDs-micelles uptake into hepatocytes is dependent on apolipoprotein E. QDs-micelles (red) were inje...
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Figure 6: Impact of QDs– and SPIOs–lipid micelles on hepatic gene expression after ablation of Kupffer cells....
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In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?
- Review
- Published 09 Sep 2014
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Figure 1: An overview of the “zoo” of different NPs concerning their composition, functionality, and fields o...
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Figure 2: Hybrid nature of typical NPs, comprising different structural compartments. Reproduced with permiss...
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Figure 3: Scheme depicting the different mechanisms of cellular endocytosis. Reproduced with permission from [41]...
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Figure 4: Fluorescence microscopy image showing the granular structure of internalized NPs inside A549 lung c...
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Figure 5: a) A microparticle has been internalized by an A549 lung cancer cell into an intracellular vesicle ...
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Figure 6: Intracellular compartments after internalization of PEG-coated gold NPs as visualized with TEM. The...
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Figure 7: TEM images of a) dispersed and b) agglomerated Au NPs. The scale bars correspond to 100 nm. Adopted...
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- Review
- Published 12 Sep 2014
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Figure 1: Influence of laser pulse length on particle size distribution. A) Representative normalized weight ...
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Figure 2: Size control of laser-fabricated nanoparticles by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid (PLFL) tunin...
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Figure 3: Size tuning of gold nanoparticles by pulsed laser melting in liquids (PLML) controlling particle di...
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Figure 4: Size control by delayed conjugation in liquid flow allowing size control from 15–45 nm. A) Concept ...
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Figure 5: A) Size quenching effect of gold nanoparticles in the presence of different NaCl concentrations mea...
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Figure 6: Size quenching of AuAg alloy nanoparticles is impaired by surface oxidation. A) Influence of in sit...
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Figure 7: Size control for biocompatible gold nanoparticles by 4 different methods: I) Pulsed laser melting i...
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Figure 8: Stabilization of gold nanoparticles in the presence of serum albumin. A) Colloidal stability of gol...
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Figure 9: A) Stoichiometry of NiTi nanoparticles. Left: TEM images of NiTi nanoparticles generated by femtose...
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Figure 10: Nanoparticle fabrication from medically applied ternary stainless steel bulk material (material ref...
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Figure 11: Precise tuning of particle composition in AuAg alloy nanoparticles. Top: Representative colloids of...
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Figure 12: Laser-fabricated AuAg alloy nanoparticles possess a completely homogeneous elemental distribution. ...
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Figure 13: Bio-response of AuAg alloy nanoparticles is non-linearly correlated with the particle composition. ...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 19 Sep 2014
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Figure 1: Temporal evolution of SiO2 particle size distributions generated for cell exposure. (A) From an aqu...
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Figure 2: Schematic view of the Vitrocell® exposure chamber modified with an electrode for electrostatic part...
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Figure 3: Electrostatic potential within the exposure chambers. Assuming a flat equipotential surface the ele...
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Figure 4: Deposition efficiency of SiO2 monomers depending on particle size (left plot) with electrostatic fi...
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Figure 5: Characteristics of deposited SiO2-50 nm agglomerates. Aerosols of fluorescently labeled SiO2-50 nm ...
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Figure 6: Deposited mass (derived from the number of particles) of Aerosil200 agglomerates as a function of t...
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Figure 7: Effects of ALI and submerged exposure to (Aerosil200) and SiO2-50 nm agglomerate NPs (B) on the int...
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Figure 8: Release of IL-8 from A549 cells after submerged and ALI exposure to Aerosil200 and SiO2-50 nm NP ag...
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Figure 9: Induction of COX-2 und phosphorylation of p38 in A549 cells after SiO2-NP treatment under submerged...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 23 Sep 2014
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Figure 1: Particle_in_Cell-3D processing overview. (a) Representative confocal section image and orthogonal p...
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Figure 2: Cell type-dependent uptake kinetics of silica nanoparticles. The figure shows representative three-...
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Figure 3: Uptake kinetics of silica nanoparticles in HUVEC (white) and HeLa cells (dark gray). During the fir...
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Figure 4: Particle size-dependent uptake kinetics of ceria nanoparticles by HMEC-1 cells. Representative thre...
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Figure 5: Uptake kinetics of 8 nm (white) and 30 nm (dark gray) ceria nanoparticles in HMEC-1 cells. The numb...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 24 Sep 2014
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Figure 1: Characterization of polystyrene particles. (A) Characteristics of the particles as measured by dyna...
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Figure 2: LSM images demonstrate the presence of the different endocytotic uptake proteins within J774A.1 mac...
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Figure 3: Investigation of cell morphology after inhibitor treatment. Healthy cells (green inset) retained th...
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Figure 4: Fluorescence intensity profiles of J774A.1 cells, 40 nm PS NPs with clathrin heavy chain or flotill...
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Figure 5: Laser scanning microscopy imaging revealed particle uptake in J774A.1 and A549 cells. (A–C) Uptake ...
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- Review
- Published 02 Oct 2014
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Figure 1: Bovine serum albumin (BSA) depletion in the supernatant after BSA separation from the 50 nm Polysty...
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Figure 2: The size-selective separation of mouse serum proteins in the corona of the three differently sized ...
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Figure 3: After 24 h incubation the fraction of totally available proteins binding to the AuNP is shown versu...
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Figure 4: Spherical monodisperse AuNP of 5 nm core diameter with five different ligands. The zeta potential i...
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Figure 5: Protein percentages in cumulative stacks of the most abundant proteins bound to either of all five ...
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Figure 6: Schematics of the analysis of quantitative NP biokinetics. After particle administration at time t ...
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Figure 7: Release of LDH in the supernatant after incubation of PCLS in tissue culture medium for 4 h. The an...
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Figure 8: Release of TNF-α in the supernatant after 4 h of incubation of PCLS (of untreated animals or animal...
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Figure 9: Release of IL-8 in the supernatant after 4 h of incubation of PCLS (from untreated animals or anima...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 15 Oct 2014
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Scheme 1: Schematic illustration of the synthesis routes for the preparation of quaternized and/or PEGylated ...
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Figure 1: TEM micrographs of NexSil20 and POS-NH2 nanoparticles after dry preparation from an aqueous dispers...
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Figure 2: Apparent self-diffusion coefficients (Ds,app) from angular-dependent DLS measurements with respect ...
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Figure 3: Multicomponent analysis [28] to evaluate the DLS measurement of the mixture of amorphous silica nanopar...
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Figure 4: AF-FFF fractograms for NexSil20. Blue: NexSil20 prepared in RPMI cell medium; Red: NexSil20 prepare...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 17 Oct 2014
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Figure 1: The HUVEC populations were pure and retained the endothelial phenotype during the experiment. a) Pr...
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Figure 2: CeO2 nanoparticles were localized peri-nuclearly within endothelial cells. HMEC-1 were exposed to d...
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Figure 3: CeO2 nanoparticles revealed concentration- and time-dependent effects on the cellular adenosine tri...
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Figure 4: Pro-inflammatory impact and ROS generation of CeO2 nanoparticle exposure on endothelial cells. a) M...
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Figure 5: The impact of CeO2 nanoparticles on the release of GM-CSF, IL-1α, TNF-α, IP-10, PAI-1, PDGF-BB, EGF...
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Figure 6: Metabolic impact of SiO2 nanoparticles on endothelial cells. a) Impact of two different sized SiO2 ...
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- Published 29 Oct 2014
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Figure 1: Flow cytometry measurements showing the relative fluorescence intensity of the cells for different ...
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Figure 2: CLSM images of cells treated with PLLA/magnetite particles; incubation time: 24 h; pictures taken a...
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Figure 3: TEM bright field micrographs of a dispersion of magnetite-decorated PLLA nanoparticles prepared by ...
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Figure 4: Time-dependent UV–vis adsorption measurement monitoring the formation of the FeCl(H2O)52+ complex u...
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Figure 5: TEM bright field micrograph showing an overview (A) of a thin section of a MSC after 24 h of incuba...
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Figure 6: TEM bright field micrograph of a MSC after 24 h of incubation. The appearance of the PLLA containin...
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Figure 7: TEM bright field micrographs of endosomes observed in the MSCs at different residence times of PLLA...
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Figure 8: Quantitative evaluation of endosomal PLLA nanoparticles from TEM measurements. The average diameter...
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Figure 9: Quantitative analysis of TEM micrographs as to the occurrence of free magnetite nanocrystals. Avera...
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- Review
- Published 03 Nov 2014
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Figure 1: SEM images of silver nanocubes (A) and a mixture of silver nanoparticles with different shapes and ...
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Figure 2: Representative scanning electron microscopy image of PVP-coated silver nanoparticles (A) and partic...
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Figure 3: Dissolution of silver nanoparticles immersed in pure water, argon-saturated water under argon atmos...
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Figure 4: (A) CD spectra of pure dissolved bovine serum albumin (thick black line) and in the presence of dif...
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Figure 5: A: STXM images at 510 eV of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) after 24 h of incubation with spher...
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Figure 6: Agglomeration of internalized silver nanoparticles in hMSC analyzed by phase contrast microscopy (B...
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Figure 7: Intracellular occurrence of agglomerated silver nanoparticles in PBMC analyzed through microscopy. ...
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Figure 8: Proof of intracellular localization of silver nanoparticle agglomerates in monocytes and lymphocyte...
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Figure 9: Localization of silver nanoparticles agglomerates in hMSC. A representative light micrograph after ...
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Figure 10: Decrease in the amount of silver agglomerates within hMSC after prolonged cell culture. hMSC were p...
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Figure 11: Uptake and metabolism of silver nanoparticles in brain astrocytes. Data from cultured astrocytes su...
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Figure 12: Damaged cells given in percent by scoring for CA in CHO9 (n = 816, p > 0.999), K1 (n = 1851, p > 0....
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Figure 13: The diagram shows the distribution of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in untreated cells (black ba...
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Figure 14: These diagrams summarize the quantification of foci formation in CHO9, K1 and V79B. Data derived fr...
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Figure 15: The diagram shows the distribution of twin SCE (black bars) and single SCE (grey bars) in CHO K1 ce...
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Figure 16: Schematic image of the triple-cell co-culture model consisting of MDMs (blue), A549 cells (red), a ...
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Figure 17: Cytotoxic effects and free radical production by silver nanoparticles per se versus the effects due...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 05 Nov 2014
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Figure 1: Left: ZnO-NP prepared by the acidic procedure (sample 1, without labelling; scale bar: 50 nm). Righ...
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Figure 2: TEM pictures of ZnO-NP 1 (labeled with a perylene dye) as prepared (left) and after one hour of rea...
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Figure 3: Left: TEM picture of degraded ZnO-NP 2 (labelled) after 1 hour of reaction with buffer B. The scale...
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Figure 4: Commercial ZnO sample 3 after treatment with buffer B (2000 mg/L) for one hour. The general appeara...
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Figure 5: SiO2-coated labelled ZnO-NP (sample 4; shell thickness 3–6 nm) before (left; scale bar 20 nm) and a...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 06 Nov 2014
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Figure 1: Enlarged optical section of gut tissue in intravital 2-photon microscopy: a) ground-truth signal, b...
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Figure 2: Flowchart of the BM3D algorithm. Red-colored steps were modified by us in order to adapt the algori...
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Figure 3: Verification of the noise model: comparison of noise variance measurements (ση2) with estimations p...
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Figure 4: Parameterization of the block-matching: a) at the first level, b) at the second level.
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Figure 5: Quantitative evaluation of reconstructions by means of the original and the proposed version of the...
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Figure 6: Sharpness index of reconstructions by the original and the modified version of the BM3D algorithm. ...
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Figure 7: Epithelial cells and quantum dot nanoparticles of the murine gut mucosa in intravital 2-photon micr...
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Figure 8: Intravital 2-photon microscopy of the gut mucosa (lower right corner) and quantum dot nanoparticles...
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Figure 9: a) Anaesthetized Balb/c mouse on a homeothermic table with an exteriorized ileal loop. b) Schematic...
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- Published 07 Nov 2014
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Figure 1: Principle of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. (a) Individual fluorophores diffusing through t...
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Figure 2: Normalized fluorescence intensity autocorrelation curves of (a) DHLA- and (b) DPA-stabilized QDs di...
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Figure 3: Hydrodynamic radii, RH, of differently functionalized CdSe/ZnS QDs as a function of the concentrati...
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Figure 4: (a) Surface electrostatics of HSA (PDB code: 1UOR) at pH 7.4 (range −5 kBT/e to +5 kBT/e; calculate...
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Figure 5: NP surface ligands employed in the present study. They associate with the CdSe/ZnS QD surface via t...
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Figure 6: (a) Amination of solvent-exposed glutamic acid and aspartic acid side chains. (b) Succinylation of ...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 10 Nov 2014
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Figure 1: Localization of Ag-NP agglomerates in hMSCs. Representative light micrographs after digital contras...
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Figure 2: Influence of different Ag-NP/Ag+ ion concentrations on the viability of undifferentiated hMSCs (A) ...
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Figure 3: Influence of Ag-NP/ Ag+ ions on the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. After 14 d of cell culture...
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Figure 4: Influence of Ag-NP (black bars) or Ag+ ions (grey bars) on the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs ...
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Figure 5: Release of the adipogenic differentiation marker adiponectin after hMSCs were incubated with Ag-NP/...
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Figure 6: Influence of Ag-NP/ Ag+ ions on hMSCs during osteogenic differentiation. After 21 d of cell culture...
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Figure 7: Influence of Ag-NP/Ag+ ions on the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs after 21 d of incubation. Qu...
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Figure 8: Release of the osteogenic differentiation marker osteocalcin after incubation of hMSCs with Ag-NP/Ag...
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Figure 9: Influence of Ag-NP/Ag+ ions on the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. After 21 d of cell cultur...
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Figure 10: Release of the chondrogenic differentiation marker aggrecan after incubation of hMSCs with Ag-NP/Ag+...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 12 Nov 2014
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Figure 1: Overview of the intestinal features relevant to the experimental setup. A: The rat intestinal expla...
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Figure 2: Recovery of nanoparticles in luminal fractions over time. 7.5 × 1013 20 nm NPs or 3.9 × 1011 200 nm...
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Figure 3: Cryostat sections of gut tissue after application of green fluorescent 20 nm particles. A: overview...
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Figure 4: NP recovery from luminal samples and after dissolution of mucus. After collection of luminal sample...
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Figure 5: Pressure records of the gut motility with low and active peristalsis.
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Figure 6: Particle distribution in fluid fractions after extended epithelial interaction time. A: 20 nm NP, B...
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- Published 02 Dec 2014
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Figure 1: Differentiation of Caco-2 cells over 21 days post-confluence. a,b: With reaching confluence, cells ...
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Figure 2: Interaction of fluorescent NPs with Caco-2 cells in the presence of proteinaceous compounds. Differ...
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Figure 3: Adherence of 100 nm NPs to Caco-2 cells. The glycocalyx was counter-stained with a lectin (red) to ...
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Figure 4: Interaction of fluorescent NPs with cells after preincubation with proteinaceous compounds. Either ...
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Figure 5: Schematic model of possible interaction mechanisms between differently sized NPs and endothelial ce...
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- Review
- Published 05 Dec 2014
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Figure 1: Illustrations of the transition from isotropic to anisotropic particles.
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Figure 2: a) Evolution of the PL-peak position, b) schematic representation, and c) evolution of the PL-quant...
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Figure 3: Summary of synthetic routes towards organic Janus particles. (a) Directed functionalization after i...
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Figure 4: (a) Schematic representation of bimetallic Janus particles at the hexane–water interface (gold: gol...
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Figure 5: (A) SEM top view image of a typical kaolinite platelet (left), schematic picture of kaolinite plate...
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Figure 6: a) Proposed photocatalytic process for efficient hydrogen generation using the Janus Au@TiO2 nanost...
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Figure 7: a) UV–vis spectra of Au@Fe3O4 nanoparticles corresponding to schematic representations in b). The s...
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Figure 8: TEM bright field images of Au nanoparticles with different diameters (a) 4 nm, (b) 8 nm, and (c) 15...
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Figure 9: TEM bright field images of Au@MnO and Au@Fe3O4 heterodimer-nanoparticles: (a) 9@18 nm Au@MnO, (b) 4...
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Figure 10: Domain size dependency of absorption maximum of Au@MnO nanoparticles determined by UV–vis spectrosc...
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Figure 11: UV–vis spectra of Au (solid), Au@MnO (dashed), and Au@Fe3O4 (dotted) nanoparticles normalized to th...
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Figure 12: Schematic representation of the formation of Cu@Fe3O4 heterodimers with different morphologies base...
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Figure 13: Synthetic protocol of the synthesis of Co@Fe2O3 heterodimer and phase pure CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (t...
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Figure 14: CLSM images of HeLa cells co-incubated with Au@MnO@SiO2-Atto495 Janus particles (green) for 24 h at...
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Scheme 1: Seed-mediated synthesis of Au@MOx heterodimers, subsequent encapsulation with silica and functional...
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Figure 15: TEM micrographs of silica encapsulated Janus particles; (a,b) Au@MnO@SiO2 (10@20 nm), and (c,d) Au@...
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Figure 16: Dynamic light scattering results of Au (red dots), Au@Fe3O4 (blue dots) dispersed in n-heptane, and...
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Figure 17: (a) Time-resolved fluorescence spectra of Au nanoparticles (green), Atto495 (orange), MnO@SiO2 (red...
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Figure 18: Labelfree LC-MS Analysis of the hard protein corona of Fe3O4@SiO2, MnO@SiO2, and Au@MnO@SiO2 nanopa...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 08 Dec 2014
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Figure 1: Interdisciplinary set-up to study skin penetration and cellular uptake of amorphous silica particle...
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Figure 2: Skin penetration and cellular uptake of silver nanoparticles (AgNP). While studies with silica part...
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Figure 3: Uptake of fluorescent silica nanoparticles with variable size and surface functionalization by HaCa...
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Figure 4: Biological responses of skin tissue and skin cells to particle exposure. The viability of HaCaT cel...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 10 Dec 2014
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Figure 1: (A) Principle steps in the QD synthesis starting with the CdS coating of CdSe QDs and followed by s...
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Figure 2: TEM images and associated size histograms of the CdSe/CdS QDs (A,C) and CdSe/CdS/ZnS (B,D) which sh...
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Figure 3: (A) shows excessive labelling and a large quantity of QDs which is not necessary for bio-applicatio...
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- Published 11 Dec 2014
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Figure 1: Schematic representation of the cellular uptake of (a) large and (b) small NPs. Whereas larger NPs ...
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Figure 2: Typical two-color merged confocal fluorescence microscopy images of live HeLa cells exposed to NPs ...
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Figure 3: (a) DPA-QD uptake within 1 h by live HeLa cells as a function of NP concentration. (b) DPA-QD and (...
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Figure 4: Two-color merged confocal images of live human MSCs exposed to NPs (green) in PBS for different tim...
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Figure 5: Schematic depiction of the interplay between membrane receptors (depicted as cups) and NP surface l...
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- Published 15 Dec 2014
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Figure 1: Polystyrene synthesis.
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Figure 2: Spinning disc confocal microscopy of acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells, differentiated THP-1 cel...
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Figure 3: Uptake kinetics and subcellular localization of carboxyl- and amino-functionalized polystyrene nano...
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Figure 4: Amino-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles induce apoptotic cell death. THP-1 (A) and different...
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Figure 5: Inhibition of vacuolar ATPase by bafilomycin A1 antagonizes the toxic effect of PS-NH2 nanoparticle...
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- Review
- Published 16 Dec 2014
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Figure 1: Fluorescent dyes used for labelling.
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Figure 2: Fluorescence emission spectra in ethanol of MPD (excitation 488 nm, left) and ATTO 647N-APS (excita...
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Figure 3: Scattering corrections to the experimental absorption spectra of labelled NP dispersions in ethanol...
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Figure 4: Left: TEM image of core-shell NP with secondary SiO2 layer. Average diameter: 31 ± 11 nm, with a co...
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Figure 5: TEM images of CeO2 NP prepared according to [43]. Left: solvent ethanol/water 4:1, spherical particles,...
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Figure 6: TEM images of agglomerates of CeO2 NP prepared according to [48], with average diameter of the circumsc...
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Figure 7: STEM image (left) and EDX mapping (right) of agglomerates of Pt-decorated CeO2 NP (diameter of the ...
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Figure 8: STEM image (left) and EDX mapping (right) of agglomerates of Pd-decorated CeO2 NP (diameter of the ...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 18 Dec 2014
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Figure 1: Cell viability as measured by LDH release in PCLS culture medium at 0, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h after pr...
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Figure 2: Viability of PCLS as determined by WST-1 conversion at 0, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h after preparation of ...
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Figure 3: Cell proliferation in PCLS as determined by Click-iT® EdU Alexa Fluor® 488 Imaging Kit (Invitrogen)...
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Figure 4: Cytotoxic response of PCLS as measured by LDH release after 4 and 24 h incubation. Results were cal...
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Figure 5: Cytotoxic response of PCLS as measured by WST-1 conversion after 4 and 24 h incubation (n = 5; #p <...
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Figure 6: A: CXCL-1 levels measured in the PCLS culture medium after 4 and 24 h of incubation; B: TNF-α-level...
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Figure 7: Multiphoton microscopy of Ag-NPs in the lung tissue. Image of an 80 µm median cryosection of PCLS i...
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- Published 23 Dec 2014
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Figure 1: An endocytosis-like uptake of particles involves three major steps: adhesion (1), engulfment (2), a...
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Figure 2: Phase diagram describing the interaction of particles with a spherical vesicle with initially zero ...
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Figure 3: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) vesicle (green), 1 min (left) and 10 min (right) af...
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Figure 4: Expected van der Waals (solid line) and double layer (dashed line) binding energies as a function o...
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Figure 5: Time series of two DOPC vesicles in close contact. Upon the uptake of particles, initially a sudden...
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Figure 6: Size dependence for fluid phase vesicles. Left: A DOPC vesicle (green) after incubation with 123 nm...
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Figure 7: Gel phase vesicles (green) after incubation with particles (magenta). Left: 42 nm particles. The up...
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Figure 8: Determination of the threshold number of particles Nthr for an uptake without volume loss. The diff...
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Figure 9: Nanoparticles are added to the medium. After equilibration a vesicle is observed at constant focal ...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 24 Dec 2014
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Figure 1: Growth of epithelial cells on a gold nanoparticle-decorated substrate. (A) Optical dark field micro...
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Figure 2: Live cell imaging. (A) Scratches into the glass were used as position markers in the glass bottom o...
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Figure 3: Adherence and proliferation of cells grown on nanoparticle-decorated substrates indicated by cell a...
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Figure 4: Slopes extracted from linear power spectral density regression in the low frequency regime of power...
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- Published 06 Jan 2015
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Figure 1: Synthesis and characterization of polymer-coated SPIOs with different surface charge due to PEGylat...
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Figure 2: Stability of a preformed 125I-transferrin corona after exchange with excess of albumin. A, 125I-tra...
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Figure 3: FPLC analysis of remaining transferrin after exchange with additionally added whole plasma (3 fold ...
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Figure 4: Stability of transferrin from a preformed corona on the polymer-coated, negatively charged nanopart...
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Figure 5: Stability of transferrin in a preformed corona on SPIOs with or without PEGylation (B). FPLC analys...
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Figure 6: Fate of a preformed transferrin corona in vivo. A, activity of 59Fe and 125I (1–120 min) in blood; ...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 09 Jan 2015
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Figure 1: Postsynthetic labeling of quantum dots or SPIOs by incubation of monodisperse, oleic acid-stabilize...
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Figure 2: Stability of 51Cr-radiolabeled SPIOs with a polymer shell. (A) Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) ...
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Figure 3: Distribution and degradation of 51Cr-SPIOs in comparison with 51CrCl3 after intravenous injection i...
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Figure 4: Whole body retention (WBR) of 51Cr-SPIOs and ionic chromium after intravenous injection. The fitted...
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Figure 5: Absorption of 59Fe- or 51Cr-labeled SPIOs in mice. (A) 59Fe-labeled polymer-coated SPIOs or so-call...
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Figure 6: Stability of 65Zn-radiolabeled Qdots with a polymer coating. (A) Dialysis of 65Zn-radiolabeled and ...
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Figure 7: Organ distribution of Qdots and ionic zinc after intravenous injection into the tail vein of mice. ...
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Figure 8: Whole body retention of Qdots and ionic zinc in mice (n = 4). Curves indicate fits using a triple e...
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Figure 9: Confocal microscopy of a cryosection of a rat liver 2h after intravenous injection of polymer-coate...
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Figure 10: Colocalization of Qdots and lysosomes. J774 cells were incubated with Qdots (red) for 2 h and fixed...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 14 Jan 2015
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Figure 1: Overview of well-known endocytotic pathways and the involved key proteins, target proteins inhibite...
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Figure 2: Schematic overview of SPION structure.
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Figure 3: Representative X-ray films with knockdown efficiency of target proteins (red labels), ß-Actin serve...
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Figure 4: Iron content of control and transfected HeLa cells in pg/cell after 24 h incubation with unmodified...
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Figure 5: Iron content of control and transfected HeLa cells in pg/cell after 24 h incubation with carboxylat...
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Figure 6: Iron content of control and transfected HeLa cells in pg/cell after 24 h incubation with PEGylated ...
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Figure 7: Fluorescence image of Hela cells which were incubated with SCIONs (iron concentration 5 µg/mL, incu...
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Figure 8: Sum-fluorescence-intensity (wavelength 568) per cell of SCIONs labeled with Alexa Fluor® 555 in tra...
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Figure 9: Iron content of control and transfected HeLa cells in pg/cell after 24 h incubation with PEGylated ...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 20 Jan 2015
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Figure 1: Confluent MDCK II cells treated with different concentrations of CTAB functionalized gold nanorods....
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Figure 2: Dark-field/fluorescence microscopy image (overlay) of confluent MDCK II cells treated with gold nan...
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Figure 3: Mechanical analysis of confluent MDCK II cells. Averaged force indentation curves (n > 60) obtained...
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Figure 4: An adherent cell or apical membrane of an epithelial cell in confluent environment represented by a...
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Figure 5: Young’s moduli of MDCK II cells treated with different concentrations of gold nanorods and CTAB sol...
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Figure 6: Equilibrium frequency and dissipation change (after 24 h of incubation) of a confluent MDCK II cell...
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Tailoring the ligand shell for the control of cellular uptake and optical properties of nanocrystals
- Review
- Published 21 Jan 2015
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Scheme 1: Reaction scheme of the PI-b-PEG diblock copolymer synthesis.
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Figure 1: Fluorescence microscopy image of vesicles from PI-b-PEG 1 in water, the bilayer was visualized usin...
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Figure 2: Illustration of the diethylene-triamine functionalized PI (PI-DETA).
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Figure 3: Conserved correlation between the molecular weight of the PI-b-PEG and the size of empty micelles (...
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Figure 4: Fluorescence quantum efficiency in dependence of the dilution. At the top for native QDs in CHCl3, ...
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Figure 5: Schematic presentation of the encapsulation of inorganic nanoparticles in a nanocontainer, based on...
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Figure 6: Relative fluorescence intensity of QDs after the addition of aliquots of Cu2+. Coated with a 1300 g...
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Figure 7: Synthetic routes of the modified PI-b-PEG ligands. (a) succinic anhydride, THF; (b) 2-(boc-amino)et...
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Figure 8: Zeta potential of PI-b-PEG encapsulated QDs with different end groups in deionized water. Reproduce...
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Figure 9: Different applied monomers for the functionalization during the seeded emulsion polymerization (upp...
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Figure 10: Confocal microscopy images of A549 cells, incubated with different nanocontainers under serum-conta...
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Figure 11: Confocal microscopy images of A549 cells, incubated with different nanocontainers under serum-free ...
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- Published 23 Jan 2015
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Figure 1: Nanoparticles may be detected through light microscopy by using chemical staining protocols that ar...
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Figure 2: Autoradiographic detection of radiolabeled dPG35S amine in organs and tissues. (a) Semiquantitative...
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Figure 3: Aggregates of FITC-labeled SiO2-NP (green, 55 ± 6 nm in diameter) were visualized by fluorescence m...
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Figure 4: Discrimination of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled SiO2-NP (55 ± 6 nm in diameter) from th...
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Figure 5: Spectral imaging and linear unmixing detection of green fluorescent SiO2-NP (55 ± 6 nm in diameter)...
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Figure 6: FITC-labeled SiO2-NP (55 ± 6 nm in diameter) within a single SiO2-containing cell of the subcutaneo...
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Figure 7: Light microscopy image (a) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) image (b) of a hair fo...
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Figure 8: Transmission electron microscopic detection of single electron-dense SiO2-NP (55 ± 6 nm in diameter...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 26 Jan 2015
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Scheme 1: CdSe/ZnS quantum dot with the ligands used in this study.
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Figure 1: Normalized impedance (filled square) and mitochondrial activity (filled triangle) of MDCKII cells a...
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Figure 2: (a) Normalized impedance and mitochondrial activity of MDCKII cells as a function of exposure time ...
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Figure 3: Composite images of QD fluorescence (red) and cell autofluorescence (green) together with correspon...
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Figure 4: Composite images of QD fluorescence (red) and cell autofluorescence (green) together with correspon...
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Figure 5: Wide-field microscopy images and corresponding diffusion constants of 10 nM solutions of CA–QDs (a,...
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Figure 6: Types of organized movement observed in MDCKII cells after 4 h of exposure to CA–QDs (a), DHLA–QDs ...
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Figure 7: Fluorescent micrographs of untreated (a,b) and pre-incubated with 100 µM nocodazole (c,d) MDCKII ce...
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Figure 1: Impact of different shaped and functionalized nanoparticles on the cellular ATP-level of different ...
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Figure 2: Comparative impact of quantum dots (QDs) with different surface coatings on cells measured after 24...
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Figure 3: Size effects of the different manganese oxide nanoparticle formulations on the cellular ATP levels ...
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Figure 4: Internalization of different nanoparticles by endothelial cells depends mainly on the surface charg...
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Figure 5: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of different endothelial cells determined after 1 h a...
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Figure 6: Microscopy images of endothelial cells and semi quantitative analysis of nanoparticle uptake to det...
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Figure 7: Impact of gold nanoparticles on cellular ATP levels of endothelial cells after the use of different...
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- Published 05 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: (A) Nanoparticle uptake after 24 h incubation of hMSCs with 300 µg/mL nanoparticles analyzed by flo...
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Figure 2: Particle uptake into hMSCs detected by cLSM after 24 h incubation with 300 µg/mL nanoparticles. (A)...
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Figure 3: Particle uptake of hHSCs after 24 h incubation with 300 µg/mL nanoparticles. The nanoparticle conte...
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Figure 4: Cytokine secretion of hMSCs treated with different nanoparticles: (A) IL-6, (B) IL-8. hMSCs were in...
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Figure 5: Cytochemical staining to determine the differentiation of hMSCs incubated with different nanopartic...
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Figure 6: Influence of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS and PS–COOH) on the expression of adipogenic and osteoge...
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Figure 7: Influence of polylactide nanoparticles (PLLA and PLLA–Fe) on the expression of adipogenic and osteo...
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Figure 8: qPCR results of polystyrene particles in hHSCs. Carboxy-functionalized polystyrene particles PS–COO...
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Figure 9: qPCR results of the polylactide particles in hHSCs. For glycophorin A, a significant increase could...
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Figure 1: The uptake of particles by a cell is influenced by different factors: diffusion and sedimentation w...
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Figure 2: a) Photograph of the sample system on a microscope stage. The chip is mounted onto a culture slide ...
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Figure 3: a) The velocity profile at a distance of z = 10 μm from the chamber bottom. The vector length scale...
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Figure 4: a) Total fluorescence of internalized particles (d = 50 nm) at different shear rates. b) Two repres...
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- Published 20 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: Comparison of cytotoxic effects on A549 after 4 h stimulation with aSNPs displaying different surfa...
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Figure 2: Cellular uptake of aSNPs with different surfaces in A549 (–plain, –NH2, –COOH; 50 µg/mL). The cells...
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Figure 3: Comparison of cytotoxic effects on A549 after 4 h stimulation with different aSNPs (–plain, –NH2, –...
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Figure 4: Comparison of inflammatory responses of A549 after stimulation with different aSNPs (–plain, –NH2, ...
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Figure 5: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in A549 after stimulation with different aSNPs (–plain, –NH...
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Figure 6: Cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses of aSNP–plain (100 µg/mL) in combination with alveolar surf...
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Figure 7: Cellular uptake of aSNP–plain (100 µg/mL, 4 h/20 h) in combination with Alveofact® (0.04 mg/mL) was...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 05 Mar 2015
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Figure 1: Schematic representation of experiments conducted within the collaboration project REPROTOX.
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Figure 2: (A) Exemplary AuAg colloids with different molar fractions. (B) Correlation of gold molar fraction ...
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Figure 3: Representative TEM-micrographs of bovine spermatozoa after co-incubation with gold nanoparticles (A...
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Figure 4: Sperm viability parameters after co-incubation of sperm for 2 h at 37 °C with various nanoparticle ...
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Figure 5: Oocyte maturation rates after 46 h of in vitro maturation in the presence of various nanoparticle t...
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Figure 6: Representative laser scanning microscope images of porcine cumulus–oocyte complexes after 46 h co-i...
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Figure 7: (A) Number weighted size distribution of AgNP in situ (red line) and ex situ (black line) conjugate...
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Figure 8: Blastocyst development rates after microinjection of nanoparticles into 2-cell-stage murine embryos...
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Figure 1: (a): Relation between the collision efficiency regarding the formation of agglomerates in a destabi...
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Figure 2: (a): Schematic representation of the dimerization redox equilibrium between cystein and cystin. (b)...
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Figure 3: Human serum albumin (HSA, PDB code: 1UOR) represented as space-filling models, colored to indicate ...
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Figure 4: Binding curves as determined by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and schematic representations...
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Figure 5: Composition of protein coronae around SiNPs of different sizes as identified by quantitative mass s...
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Figure 6: Tenzer et al. [10] revealed in a correlation analysis distinct kinetic protein-binding modalities durin...
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Figure 7: Fluorescence microscopy images (a–d) of the cellular uptake of DHLA-QDs by HeLa cells. Cells were i...
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