Organic–inorganic nanosystems
A natural goal of most nanoscience projects, independent of the specific subfield they belong to, is to create a system providing novel functions which originate from the properties of its constituent nanoscale parts. Although the preparation of individual nanoobjects such as dots or wires of various materials is in principle possible, the analysis of their chemical and physical properties still poses a serious experimental challenge; ordered ensembles of nanoobjects with a narrow size distribution are needed. Much progress has been made during the last decade based on this idea of exploiting the self-organization of organic building blocks on top of inorganic supports, and a huge number of self-assembled structures have been prepared.
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Figure 1: (a) Defect free graphene/Ru(0001) surface with typical moiré superstructure (UT = −1.30 V, IT = 60 ...
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Figure 2: (a) Schematic and (b) space filling models with lateral dimensions of 3,3'-BTP. (c) Schematics and ...
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Figure 3: (a) STM image of 3,3'-BTP molecules on graphene (UT = −2.36 V, IT = 30 pA, T = 115 K, 35 nm × 35 nm...
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Figure 4: Sequence of time resolved images recorded at 2 fps showing every 10th image (time between single fr...
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Figure 5: (a) Sub-monolayer of PTCDA on graphene/Ru(0001) (UT = −0.61 V, IT = 180 pA, T = 125 K, 49 nm × 49 n...
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Figure 6: Optimized structure of PTCDA in (a) the valley position and (b) the hill position.
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- Published 12 Jul 2011
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Figure 1: Fluorescence intensity correlation curves of NPs dissolved in buffer solutions of (a, b) HSA, (c, d...
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Figure 2: Hydrodynamic radius RH, of the FePt NPs, plotted as a function of the concentration of (a) HSA, (b)...
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Figure 3: Structural depictions of (a) HSA, (b) apoA-I and (c) apoE4. Left column: Cartoon representations of...
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Figure 4: Schematic of the 2fFCS system. DM: dichroic mirror; BS: beam splitter; PBS: polarizing beam splitte...
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- Published 12 Jul 2011
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Figure 1: Top view of the optimized structure of a single H2O molecule on the palladium monolayer of the (
![[Graphic 1]](/bjnano/content/inline/2190-4286-2-44-i1.png?max-width=637&scale=0.945456)
)R3...
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Figure 2: Side (a) and top (b) view of the optimized structure of water hexagonal bilayer on the palladium mo...
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Figure 3: Adsorption energies Eads of the water bilayer together with the contribution originating entirely f...
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Figure 4: Local density of states (LDOS) of the Au/Mpy/Pd/H2O complex at a water coverage of
![[Graphic 2]](/bjnano/content/inline/2190-4286-2-44-i2.png?max-width=637&scale=1.18182)
= 1/3 ML. Plott...
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Figure 5: Charge density difference in an isodensity representation calculated as the difference between the ...
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Figure 6: Local density of states of the Pd monolayer of the Au/Mpy/Pd system with and without water. Au/Mpy/...
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- Published 19 Jul 2011
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Figure 1: Analysis of atomic contrast for different TEM conditions at 80 kV obtained using a code of E. Kirkl...
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Figure 2: WIEN2k starting potential (red) compared to Doyle–Turner (black) and Kirkland (green) potentials. T...
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Figure 3: Projected potential near the core at very high resolution (green line). The blue boxes indicate the...
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Figure 4: Relaxed structure model of boron and oxygen substitution in graphene. Bond lengths are given in Å.
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Figure 5: Analysis of the projected electron charge density of the boron (top) and oxygen substitution in gra...
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Figure 6: Analysis of the projected potential of the boron (top) and oxygen substitution in graphene (bottom ...
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Figure 7: TEM image simulation of boron substitution in graphene for an electron energy of 80 keV. The upper ...
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Figure 8: TEM image simulation of oxygen substitution in graphene for the same conditions used in Figure 7.
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Figure 9: Difference between the 3d electron charge density (center column) and the 3d electrostatic potentia...
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Figure 10: TEM image simulation of an oxygen adatom on graphene for 80 kV. The first row is for Scherzer condi...
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- Published 26 Jul 2011
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Figure 1: Nine possible constitutional BTP isomers with the four already described in literature (in red) [6,7] an...
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Scheme 1: Synthetic pathway to BTPs (1–5). i) Cu2O, isoamylnitrite, benzene, 100 °C, 3 h; ii) (1-ethoxy)-viny...
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Figure 2: The synthetically unavailable 3,2'-BTP (left), which is representative of the other inaccessible BT...
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Scheme 2: Synthetic pathway to PhSpPys (12–16). i) Cu2O, isoamylnitrite, benzene, 100 °C, 3 h; ii) (1-ethoxy)...
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Figure 3: a) 15 × 15 nm2 STM image (Iset = 14 pA, Vset = −0.64 V) of 2,2'-BTP (5) at the HOPG/TCB interface [a...
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Figure 4: Hydrogen bonding motif of 2,2'-BTP (5) (left) and of 2,4'-BTP (2) [6,7] (right) found experimentally; th...
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Figure 5: Adsorbate structures of 2,4'-BTP (2) (left) and 2,2'-BTP (5) (right) in the square symmetric struct...
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Figure 6: a) 15 × 15 nm2 STM image (Iset = 3.41 nA, Vset = −660 mV) of 2,2'-PhSpPy (14) at the HOPG/TCB inter...
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Figure 7: a) 15 × 15 nm2 STM image (Iset = 14.5 pA, Vset = −610 mV) of 3,3'-PhSpPy (15) at the HOPG/TCB inter...
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Figure 8: Electronic properties for 3,3'-BTP (3) (top) and 3,3'-PhSpPy (15) (bottom). (a) Electrostatic poten...
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Figure 9: a) 16 × 16 nm2 STM image (Iset = 2.1 nA, Vset = −0.60 V) of 2,3'-PhSpPy (13) at the HOPG/TCB interf...
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Figure 10: a) 15 × 15 nm2 STM image (Iset = 2.51 nA, Vset = −600 mV) of 4,3'-PhSpPy (16) at the HOPG/TCB inter...
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Figure 11: a) 15 × 15 nm2 STM image (Iset = 23.5 pA, Vset = −580 mV) of 2,4'-PhSpPy (12) at the HOPG/TCB inter...
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- Published 03 Aug 2011
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Figure 1: Single charge transfer through a molecular contact consisting of a single electronic level coupled ...
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Figure 2: I–V-characteristics for symmetric coupling ∑L = ∑R and for varying electron–phonon coupling m0 at i...
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Figure 3: Mean phonon number in nonequilibrium for eV = 3
![[Graphic 38]](/bjnano/content/inline/2190-4286-2-47-i61.png?max-width=637&scale=1.18182)
ω0 and versus the electron–phonon coupling m0.
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Figure 4: Phonon number distribution in nonequilibrium for eV = 5
ω0, m0 = 0.5 and kBT/ω0 = 0.1 (histogram). T...
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Figure 5: I–V-characteristics for equilibrated (solid) and nonequilibrated (dotted) phonon distributions acco...
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Figure 6: I–V characteristics according to approximate models based on equilibrated phonons (solid) and noneq...
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Figure 7: As Figure 6 but for fixed
ω0/∑ = 5 and varying electron–phonon coupling.
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Figure 8: I–V characteristics in presence of a secondary heat bath interacting with the phonon with various c...
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Figure 9: As Figure 6, but for nonequilibrated phonons based on an extended master equation (solid) in comparison to ...
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Figure 10: As Figure 7, but for nonequilibrated phonons based on an extended master equation (solid) in comparison to ...
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- Published 10 Aug 2011
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Figure 1: Flow-chart diagram of the computer code used to compute diagonal frequencies.
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Figure 2: Flow-chart diagram of the computer code used to compute the VSCF state energy.
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Figure 3: Flow-chart diagram of the computer code used to compute the VSCF and post-VSCF frequencies (dotted ...
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Figure 4: Representative timing for the construction of the Hamiltonian VCI matrix for a series of aliphatic ...
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Figure 5: Graphical representation of the VCI matrix elements for a standard VCI and a STA–VCI calculation on...
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Figure 6: Hydrogen fluoride adsorbed on a pyrene molecule. The arrow represents the HF stretching mode.
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Figure 7: Active atoms for the partial Hessian: 4-Mercaptopyridine adsorbate plus different number of Au atom...
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Figure 8: Diagrammatic representation of the grid interface.
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Figure 9: Global minimum energy structures for Au3–Au10 clusters obtained for empirical potentials, along wit...
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Figure 10: Global minimum energy structures for Au3–Au10 clusters obtained for PBE/VDB, along with their symme...
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Figure 11: Left: Binding energies calculated for Au2–Au10 clusters using different empirical potentials. The v...
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- Published 16 Aug 2011
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Figure 1: Fabrication of arrays of metal film coated hemispheres. Main steps: (a) Preparation of 2D colloidal...
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Figure 2: AFM topography images of coated beads (a) and coated hemispheres (b), both fabricated using PS sphe...
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Figure 3: Reflectance (left) and transmittance (right) obtained at vertical illumination with an objective of ...
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Figure 4: Fabrication steps for arrays of triangular mesas etched in quartz and arrays of holes in metal film...
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Figure 5: Topography image of a projection pattern of Cr on quartz. The height of the pattern is 30 nm. Small...
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Figure 6: SEM micrographs of arrays of triangular mesas etched into the quartz substrate. Spheres of 3 μm dia...
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Figure 7: Arrays of triangular holes in 180 nm thick gold film. Monolayer colloidal crystals of 3 μm (left) a...
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Figure 8: Reflectance (left) and transmittance (right) of triangular nanostructures etched in quartz and coat...
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- Published 18 Aug 2011
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Scheme 1: Simplified model of a seeded emulsion polymerization process to clarify the desired reaction pathwa...
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Figure 1: Variation of the amount of monomer added to control the resulting size in the seeded emulsion polym...
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Figure 2: Variation of the amount of initiator relative to the amount of added monomer. The dotted lines are ...
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Figure 3: Effect of different concentrations and types of surfactants applied to stabilize the particles in t...
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Figure 4: Effects of the composition of the continuous phase on the seeded polymerization reactions. The dott...
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Figure 5: A non-conventional lithographic process is used to produce arrays of Pt NPs from platinum-acetylace...
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Figure 6: Pt-precursor loaded PS colloids on a Si3N4 membrane in the saturated state after exposure to isotro...
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Figure 7: Diameter of Pt-precursor loaded or unloaded PS particles prepared with the surfactants SDS or Luten...
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Figure 8: HRSEM images of particles in the saturated state after 60 min isotropic oxygen plasma treatment. a)...
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Figure 9: Saturated states after plasma etching: a) Closed surface of a seeded 256 nm particle and b) porous ...
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- Published 23 Aug 2011
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Figure 1: (a) XRD of Pt films on STO(100) and MgO(100) in Bragg–Brentano geometry. The diffractograms clearly...
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Figure 2: SEM images of Co NPs on Pt(111)/MgO(100) and Pt(100)/STO(100) are displayed in panels (a) and (b), ...
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Figure 3: AFM height distributions of Co NPs on Pt(111)/MgO(100) in the as-prepared state and after annealing...
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Figure 4: Panel (a) shows XMCD difference spectra for Co NPs on Pt(111) in the as-prepared state and after an...
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Figure 5: Element specific XMCD hysteresis loops measured at the Co L3 maximum dichroic signal at T = 12 K an...
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Figure 6: (a) In-plane hysteresis loops measured by SQUID magnetometry at T = 29 K, i.e., close to the compen...
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Figure 7: Bright field TEM images of Co NPs on Pt(100) films after annealing at TA = 250 °C (as-prepared stat...
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Figure 8: HRTEM image of annealed Co NPs on Pt(100) film after TA = 500 °C for 30 min. The arrows indicate a ...
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Figure 9: The left image shows the high angle annular dark-field (HAADF) image of the sample shown in Figure 8 using ...
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Figure 10: Proposed model of local alloying and diffusion of Co NPs on Pt films. Details are discussed in the ...
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- Published 26 Aug 2011
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Figure 1: Schematic description of the nucleophilic substitution reaction for chloromethyl-modified silica po...
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Figure 2: Nitrogen sorption isotherms (taken at 77 K, left) and SAXS patterns (right) of SiO2–(CH2)n–Cl and S...
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Figure 3: Electron density reconstructions for modified silica gels (SiO2–CH2–Cl and SiO2–CH2–N3) that have b...
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Figure 4: SAXS averages the surface inhomogeneities to a mean radius in the two-phase model and leads therefo...
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Figure 5: Schematic representation of a hexagonally organized pore system with the characteristic sizes. A si...
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Figure 6: Nitrogen isotherms and SAXS patterns of untreated silica gels, reference silica gels (solvent/60 °C...
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Figure 7: Nitrogen isotherms at 77 K and SAXS patterns of untreated silica, reference silica (DMF/60 °C) and ...
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- Published 05 Sep 2011
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Figure 1: Various morphological organization examples of fibrillar aggregates that can be formed by polymer b...
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Scheme 1: Synthesis of quaterthiophene-β-sheet-peptide hybrid 1 [22]; (i) Hg(II)OAc2, CHCl3, 0 °C → r.t., 14 h; I2...
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Scheme 2: Synthesis of quaterthiophene-β-sheet-peptide hybrid 6 [23]; (i) POCl3, DMF, dichloroethane, reflux, 3 h...
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Figure 2: The A–B–A-type hybrid 1 in the deprotected, but still kinked, form 1'.
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Figure 3: AFM height images of hybrid 1' on mica from a 1:1 DCM/MeOH solution; a) left: Network of fibers aft...
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Figure 4: AFM images of the switched PEO–peptide–quaterthiophene–peptide–PEO compound 1 [22].
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Figure 5: A–B system 6' in deprotected, but still kinked, form.
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Figure 6: AFM height images of 6' on mica from a 1:1 DCM/MeOH solution. a) left: Image of fibers obtained aft...
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Figure 7: AFM height and amplitude images of fully switched PEO–peptide–quaterthiophene 6 on mica [23]. a) left: ...
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Figure 8: Calculated minimum energy conformation of oligothiophene–oligopeptide hybrid 1' in the three Cartes...
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Figure 9: a) Schematic representation of hybrid 1. Black coils: PEO chains, green arrow: Peptide strand; yell...
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Figure 10: Model for the self-assembly of hybrid 6', based on the theoretically calculated conformation of 6' ...
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Figure 11: Theoretical analysis workflow (see text).
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Figure 12: Constructed periodic crystalline cells for (a) antiparallel and (b) parallel arrangement of peptide...
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Figure 13: Possible options for the arrangement of β-sheets in a cross-β motif. Two identical sheets can be cl...
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Figure 14: Schematic representations of constructed double-layer periodic arrangements from the hybrid molecul...
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Figure 15: Snapshots of four different types of fibrils at the initial conformation (a1, b1, c1, d1) and after...
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- Published 06 Sep 2011
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Scheme 1: Method used to fabricate silica nanocone arrays with gold functionalized tips. A quasi-hexagonally ...
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Figure 1: SEM images of the nanocone arrays with gold tips fabricated by a combination of BCML, electroless d...
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Figure 2: Scanning electron microscopy analysis (45° tilt) of adhering SHSY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The ...
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Figure 3: Percentage of adherent cells compared to cell adhesion on control surfaces (glass cover slip coated...
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- Published 09 Sep 2011
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Figure 1: (a) Topographic image of ~0.2 ML of 3T on Au(111) (50 × 50 × 0.17 nm3; Iset = 90 pA, Vt = −2.0 V); ...
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Figure 2: Apparent (a) molecular height, h, and (b) molecular length, l, and width, w, of 3T/Au(111). Solid s...
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Figure 3: STS of 3T/Au(111): (a) constant-separation (I-V) spectra taken on the bare gold surface significant...
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Figure 4: (a) and (e) shape of single 3T molecule on Au(111) (2 × 2 × 0.15) nm3, (b) and (f) ∂VI maps showing...
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Figure 5: Differential barrier height Φdiff = (∂z∂VI/∂VI)2 on (blue) and off (red) the 3T molecule. The strai...
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- Published 12 Sep 2011
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Figure 1: Illustration of the transition from a wormlike structure through a cylindrical micelle down to a sp...
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Figure 2: Schematic representation of coil–LC comb copolymer.
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Figure 3: Stable morphologies in coil–LC comb copolymer melts.
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Figure 4: Schematic representation of some of the possible nanostructures formed by binary combs with strongl...
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Figure 5: Schematic representation of the disc-shaped structure.
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Figure 6: Schematic representation of torus-shaped structure.
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Figure 7: Schematic representation of a stripe-shaped structure.
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Figure 8: Schematic representation of an inverse torus-like structure.
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Figure 9: Schematic representation of “holes”
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Figure 10: Phase diagram of the film in terms of the fraction of B side chains, β = NB/(NA + NB), and the spre...
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Figure 11: Aggregation number Q as a function of the spreading parameter SB at different values of β: β = 0.64...
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- Published 15 Sep 2011
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Figure 1: Schematic drawing of the end of the SMS capillary and the sample in the scanning mass spectrometer....
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Figure 2: Principle of the SMS measurement on the mesoporous Au/TiO2 film with CO oxidation as a test reactio...
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Figure 3: X-ray diffraction patterns obtained for TiO2 coatings treated at different temperatures as indicate...
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Figure 4: Cross-sectional scanning TEM image of a mesoporous Au/TiO2 film spin-coated onto a Si(100) wafer an...
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Figure 5: Upper part: High-magnification TEM images of the Au/TiO2 thin-film catalyst after oxidative pretrea...
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Figure 6: Au(4f) signals of the Au nanoparticles in mesoporous Au/TiO2 catalyst films before (upper panel) an...
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Figure 7: CO conversion during CO oxidation over a mesoporous Au/TiO2 film as a function of time and sample t...
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Figure 8: CO conversion measured above mesoporous Au/TiO2 films of different thicknesses.
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Figure 9: Arrhenius plot of the CO conversion, which is proportional to the CO oxidation rate, to determine t...
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Figure 10: a) Determination of the total reaction order n in the CO oxidation reaction at temperatures of 100 ...
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- Published 19 Sep 2011
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Figure 1: Calculated ∂VI–V curves (a) and (∂VI × V)–V curves (b) for different peak positions in the sample D...
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Figure 2: Numerically calculated z(V)–V curves in the a) positive and c) negative bias range with respect to ...
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Figure 3: ∂VI-V curves measured on Nb(110) a) in the positive bias range at two different set currents (I0,1 ...
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Figure 4: Recovered and deconvolved DOS’s of the sample derived from z–V measurements (black solid) and I–V m...
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Figure 5: Influence of the parameter γ on the resulting experimental sample DOS. Three DOS are shown in the p...
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Figure 6: Differential barrier height (z = 0.6 nm, φ = 4.1 eV) as derived from the deconvolved DOS (Figure 4, solid c...
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- Published 20 Sep 2011
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Figure 1: Temperature-programmed desorption/reaction spectra showing the molecular desorption of: (a) CD3I, (...
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Figure 2: Schematic potential energy diagram for CH3X (X = I, Br, Cl) molecules adsorbed on a metal surface. ...
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Figure 3: Time evolution of the integral CD3+ intensity (open circles) during the continuous admission of CD3...
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Figure 4: Mass spectra recorded at (a) 150 K and (b) 100 K from the same sample surface as in Figure 3 period C, afte...
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Figure 5: Femtosecond photodissociation reaction of multilayer methyl iodide adsorbed on 10 ML Au/Mo(100) rec...
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Figure 6: (a) Time-of-flight mass spectrum obtained from 0.25 ML methyl bromide adsorbed on a 10 ML Au film o...
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Figure 7: Intensity of the CH3+ signal as a function of (a) pump power and (b) probe power. Both measurements...
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Optical properties of fully conjugated cyclo[n]thiophenes – An experimental and theoretical approach
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Scheme 1: Chemical structure of the oligothiophene macrocycles (series I and II). The coordinate system used ...
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Figure 1: Absorption and fluorescence spectra of the macrocycles of Series I in dichloromethane (the excitati...
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Figure 2: Representative absorption and fluorescence spectra of the smallest and largest macrocycles of serie...
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Figure 3: Sketch of the electronic transitions in the macrocycles: Ground state (S0), first (S1) and second (S...
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Figure 4: Extinction coefficient for the macrocycles of series I (circles) and II (squares) versus the number...
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Figure 5: Diagram of the energy of the absorption band (eV) versus the number of thiophenes in the macrocycle...
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- Published 07 Dec 2011
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Figure 1: General formula of carboxylic acid functionalized oligothiophenes HnTCOOH.
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Figure 2: Left: STM image of H4TCOOH on HOPG (100 × 100 nm2, U = −120 mV, I = 50 pA). The letters label the d...
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Figure 3: STM image of H6TCOOH. Left: 70 × 70 nm2, U = −360 mV, I = 50 pA. Center: 20 × 20 nm2, U = −361 mV, I...
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Figure 4: STM images of H8TCOOH. Left: 60 × 60 nm2, U = −640 mV, I = 44 pA. Center: 30 × 30 nm2, U = −725 mV, ...
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Figure 5: STM images of H10TCOOH. Left: 50 × 50 nm2, U = −200 mV, I = 73 pA. Center: 24 × 19 nm2, U = −100 mV...
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Figure 6: STM images of H12TCOOH. Left: 80 × 80 nm2, U = −200 mV, I = 73 pA. Center: 20 × 20 nm2, U = −750 mV...
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