Table of Contents |
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200 | Full Research Paper |
8 | Letter |
42 | Review |
8 | Editorial |
1 | Correction |
Figure 1: Optical image of a single S. carnosus bacterium immobilized by (poly)dopamine on a tipless cantilev...
Figure 2: Typical force/distance curve, taken with a single S. carnosus probe on an OTS-covered (hydrophobic)...
Figure 3: Test of artifacts of AFM force/distance curve with and without bacterium, each taken under the same...
Figure 4: A–D: Overlay of 30 force/distance curves of three individual S. carnosus probes I, II and III on hy...
Figure 5: Influence of the tip velocity on the adhesion of S. carnosus shown for five different cells. For ea...
Figure 6: Influence of the force trigger on the adhesion of S. carnosus. A–C: For four bacterial probes, valu...
Figure 7: Exemplary force/distance curve taken with a single S. carnosus probe on (A) a hydrophobic OTS-cover...
Figure 8: Results of 30 different single cell force spectroscopy experiments on OTS with S. carnosus bacteria...
Figure 9: Sketch of approach (A) and retraction (B) of a single bacterial probe and respective force/distance...
Scheme 1: Synthesis of luminescent hydrophobic carbon nanodots.
Figure 1: X-ray diffraction pattern of synthesized tyrosine passivated CNDs at 220 °C.
Figure 2: Recorded TEM images of tyrosine-passivated CNDs synthesized at two different temperatures (a) at 22...
Figure 3: Illustration of recorded FTIR spectrum of TCND-1.
Figure 4: Recorded 1H NMR spectrum of TCND-1 in DMSO-d6.
Figure 5: 13C NMR spectrum of TCND-1 in DMSO-d6.
Figure 6: Recorded PL emission spectra of tyrosine-passivated CNDs synthesized at two different temperatures ...
Scheme 2: TCND-1 solution exhibited bright blue color emission when exposed to UV light of 360 nm and expecte...
Figure 7: Upconverted PL spectra of TCND-1 in dry acetone at excitation wavelengths in range between 520 and ...
Figure 8: PL emission spectra of TCND-1 at different excitation wavelength (a) in aqueous solution under basi...
Figure 9: PL emission spectra of the aqueous TCND-1 solution and of the composite material solution, respecti...
Figure 1: Influence of laser pulse length on particle size distribution. A) Representative normalized weight ...
Figure 2: Size control of laser-fabricated nanoparticles by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid (PLFL) tunin...
Figure 3: Size tuning of gold nanoparticles by pulsed laser melting in liquids (PLML) controlling particle di...
Figure 4: Size control by delayed conjugation in liquid flow allowing size control from 15–45 nm. A) Concept ...
Figure 5: A) Size quenching effect of gold nanoparticles in the presence of different NaCl concentrations mea...
Figure 6: Size quenching of AuAg alloy nanoparticles is impaired by surface oxidation. A) Influence of in sit...
Figure 7: Size control for biocompatible gold nanoparticles by 4 different methods: I) Pulsed laser melting i...
Figure 8: Stabilization of gold nanoparticles in the presence of serum albumin. A) Colloidal stability of gol...
Figure 9: A) Stoichiometry of NiTi nanoparticles. Left: TEM images of NiTi nanoparticles generated by femtose...
Figure 10: Nanoparticle fabrication from medically applied ternary stainless steel bulk material (material ref...
Figure 11: Precise tuning of particle composition in AuAg alloy nanoparticles. Top: Representative colloids of...
Figure 12: Laser-fabricated AuAg alloy nanoparticles possess a completely homogeneous elemental distribution. ...
Figure 13: Bio-response of AuAg alloy nanoparticles is non-linearly correlated with the particle composition. ...
Figure 1: X-ray patterns of copper sulfide synthesized in organic solution at a) 230 and 220 °C, the chalcoci...
Figure 2: TEM images of copper sulfide synthesized in organic solution at a) 220, b) 230, c) 240 and d) 260 °...
Figure 3: HRTEM image of copper sulfide obtained from synthesis in an organic solvent. The inset figures disp...
Figure 4: Absorbance of copper sulfide nanocrystals synthesized in an aqueous solution and in an organic solv...
Figure 5: Direct band gaps of copper sulfide in a) amorphous phase obtained by aqueous synthesis and b) cryst...
Figure 6: Square resistance of copper sulfide films synthesized in an aqueous solution (left) and in organic ...
Figure 7: Photoconductivity of copper sulfide films, synthesized in both aqueous and organic media. Only the ...
Figure 8: Scheme of the phase-transition mechanism from chalcocite to digenite and the formation of the respe...
Figure 1: (A) ATR-FTIR spectra and (B) XRD patterns of calcium phosphates obtained from [Bmim][Cl]. The refle...
Figure 2: Low magnification (top row) and higher magnification (bottom row) SEM images of the precipitates. H...
Figure 3: SEM images of as-received microcrystalline and regenerated cellulose.
Figure 4: Low (top row) and high magnification (bottom row) SEM images of the hybrid materials prepared in th...
Figure 5: Low (top row) and high magnification (bottom row) SEM images of the hybrid materials prepared in th...
Figure 6: TEM images of thin sections of CCPH2 and CCPH6. Top row are low magnification and bottom row are hi...
Figure 7: SEM image and elemental map of CCPH6.
Figure 8: XRD patterns of cellulose and mineralized samples. Panel A shows effects of acid or base addition, ...
Figure 9: ATR-FTIR spectra of neat cellulose, for sample nomenclature see Table 3. Panels B and D are higher magnifi...
Figure 10: Representative TGA and DTA data of select samples. For full data see Table 3.
Figure 1: Top view of a 5h-2BN-ZGNR (left panel) and the same GNR with surface roughness (right panel). The b...
Figure 2: (a) Averaged transmission of 10 nm length 4h-2BN-ZGNR as function of the energy for various SR ampl...
Figure 3: Schematic representation of the simulated device structure. The gate insulator is assumed to be 2.5...
Figure 4: (a) Averaged transfer characteristic (b) on-current (c) off-current and (d) on-/off-current ratio o...
Figure 5: (a) The average transfer characteristic of 10 nm length devices with SiO2 substrate for different d...
Figure 1: General scheme for the fabrication of spatially deposited CNT islands. (a) A photoresist is lithogr...
Figure 2: SEM images of neurons cultured on randomly oriented CNT islands. Panel a) depicts a single CNT isla...
Figure 3: Growth of cortical neurons cultured on islands of vertically aligned CNT architectures. a) Formatio...
Figure 4: Development of the number of neurons in the interspace regions of the spatially oriented CNTs.
Figure 5: SEM images of a) typical size and arrangement of CNT pillars to be obtained by a WACVD process b) F...
Scheme 1: General chemical modification routes for exfoliated graphene sheets. (a) [3 + 2] 1,3-dipolar cycloa...
Figure 1: Illustrative energy diagram for the photo-induced formation of the charge-separated state of graphe...
Figure 2: Tetraphenylporphyrin (TTP) condensed onto graphene oxide (GO) yielding GO–TPP hybrid material [44].
Figure 3: Ferrocene units anchored to graphene oxide (GO) forming a GO–Fc hybrid material [50].
Scheme 2: Iron(II) coordinated on terpyridine (tpy) moieties covalently anchored to graphene oxide (GO) formi...
Scheme 3: “Click” reaction for the grafting of a porphyrin onto reduced graphene oxide sheets that was pre-mo...
Figure 4: Free and Pd-metallated tetraphenylporphyrin moieties as substituents of pyrrolidine rings covalentl...
Figure 5: Covalent grafting of (2-aminoethoxy)(tri-tert-butyl)phthalocyanine zinc to exfoliated graphene shee...
Figure 6: Phthalocyanine–graphene hybrid material, prepared upon condensation of mono-OH-derivatized phthaloc...
Figure 7: Sulfonyl-substituted zinc phthalocyanine covalently bound to pre-modified graphene via “click” chem...
Figure 8: Extended tetrathiafulvalene units covalently attached to exfoliated graphene via Bingel cycloadditi...
Figure 9: Graphene sheets covalently functionalized with a Ru-bipyridine complex [62].
Figure 1: Temporal evolution of SiO2 particle size distributions generated for cell exposure. (A) From an aqu...
Figure 2: Schematic view of the Vitrocell® exposure chamber modified with an electrode for electrostatic part...
Figure 3: Electrostatic potential within the exposure chambers. Assuming a flat equipotential surface the ele...
Figure 4: Deposition efficiency of SiO2 monomers depending on particle size (left plot) with electrostatic fi...
Figure 5: Characteristics of deposited SiO2-50 nm agglomerates. Aerosols of fluorescently labeled SiO2-50 nm ...
Figure 6: Deposited mass (derived from the number of particles) of Aerosil200 agglomerates as a function of t...
Figure 7: Effects of ALI and submerged exposure to (Aerosil200) and SiO2-50 nm agglomerate NPs (B) on the int...
Figure 8: Release of IL-8 from A549 cells after submerged and ALI exposure to Aerosil200 and SiO2-50 nm NP ag...
Figure 9: Induction of COX-2 und phosphorylation of p38 in A549 cells after SiO2-NP treatment under submerged...
Figure 1: Schematic representation of the interface in a nano-glass [5].
Figure 2: (a) As-quenched (from the vapor phase) nanoglassy grains exhibiting paramagnetic behavior, and (b) ...
Figure 3: Schematic representation of phase transformations in the free energy–configuration space.
Figure 4: (a) Sliding/Shear unit, according to the GBS Model. (b) Elevation view of the undeformed oblate sph...
Figure 5: Development of mesoscopic grain/interphase boundary sliding. Shaded grain boundaries of rhombic dod...
Figure 1: Particle_in_Cell-3D processing overview. (a) Representative confocal section image and orthogonal p...
Figure 2: Cell type-dependent uptake kinetics of silica nanoparticles. The figure shows representative three-...
Figure 3: Uptake kinetics of silica nanoparticles in HUVEC (white) and HeLa cells (dark gray). During the fir...
Figure 4: Particle size-dependent uptake kinetics of ceria nanoparticles by HMEC-1 cells. Representative thre...
Figure 5: Uptake kinetics of 8 nm (white) and 30 nm (dark gray) ceria nanoparticles in HMEC-1 cells. The numb...
Figure 1: Characterization of polystyrene particles. (A) Characteristics of the particles as measured by dyna...
Figure 2: LSM images demonstrate the presence of the different endocytotic uptake proteins within J774A.1 mac...
Figure 3: Investigation of cell morphology after inhibitor treatment. Healthy cells (green inset) retained th...
Figure 4: Fluorescence intensity profiles of J774A.1 cells, 40 nm PS NPs with clathrin heavy chain or flotill...
Figure 5: Laser scanning microscopy imaging revealed particle uptake in J774A.1 and A549 cells. (A–C) Uptake ...
Figure 1: Example of measured frequency response of the first four eigenmodes of one of the rectangular canti...
Figure 2: Simulated tip and eigenmode responses for pentamodal tapping-mode AFM: (a) tip trajectories for two...
Figure 3: Simulations of amplitude and phase response for two different free amplitudes of the higher eigenmo...
Figure 4: Experimental fundamental amplitude (a, c) and phase responses (b, d) vs cantilever position for tet...
Figure 5: Simulated amplitude vs frequency response of the second eigenmode in pentamodal operation, calculat...
Figure 6: Tetramodal imaging of a thin PTFE film sample by using a cantilever similar to the one whose respon...
Figure 7: Phase images of Figure 6 plotted using the same scale. As discussed in the text, the phase shifts generally...
Figure 8: Imaging results analogous to those of Figure 6, but with the first eigenmode oscillating in the attractive ...
Figure 9: (a) Comparison of tip trajectories for trimodal oscillations using the first three eigenmodes (A1 =...
Figure 10: (a) Standard linear solid (SLS) model [9]; (b) illustration of the force trajectory for a single tip–s...
Figure 1: (a) Standard linear solid (SLS) model [10]; (b) simulated tip–sample force trajectories for single- and...
Figure 2: (a) Illustration of stress relaxation and (b) creep (the various traces are color coded with their ...
Figure 3: Illustration of tip–sample physical adhesion. In this case the interaction area between tip and sam...
Figure 4: Interaction of an SLS surface with a probe oscillating along a perfectly sinusoidal trajectory give...
Figure 5: Interaction of an SLS surface with a probe oscillating along a bimodal trajectory of constant maxim...
Figure 6: Interaction of an SLS surface with a probe oscillating along a prescribed bimodal trajectory of var...
Figure 7: Interaction of an SLS surface with a probe oscillating along a realistic AM-OL bimodal trajectory o...
Figure 8: (a) Dissipated energy vs second eigenmode free amplitude for an SLS surface interacting with a tip ...
Figure 9: Simulated amplitude and phase spectroscopy curves for realistic cantilever trajectories calculated ...
Figure 10: Example of the evolution of force–distance trajectories with changes in the SLS surface parameters:...
Figure 11: Effect of the SLS parameter Kinf on tip–sample interactions and cantilever response. (a) First and ...
Figure 12: Effect of the SLS parameter K0 on tip–sample interactions and cantilever response. (a) First and se...
Figure 13: Effect of the SLS parameter Cdiss on tip–sample interactions and cantilever response. (a) First and...
Scheme 1: Fabrication of 2D Au-NP–S-BPP array (not to scale). The ingredients are gold nanoparticles (diamete...
Figure 1: Characterization of Au-NP–S-BPP arrays and networks by electron microscopy. a) SEM image of a 2D si...
Figure 2: Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy of several functionalized gold nanoparticle arrays studied i...
Figure 3: a) Room temperature Raman spectrum of bulk (powder) SAc-BPP molecules showing the region of 200–240...
Figure 4: Temperature-dependent Raman spectra of 2D Au-NP–S-BPP arrays microcontact printed on a quartz subst...
Figure 5: a) Low-bias resistance of a multilayered Au-NP–S-BPP network as a function of the temperature for 1...
Figure 1: (a) The wrapping vector of a graphene sheet defines the structure (chirality) of a carbon nanotube....
Figure 2: Sorting of empty and water-filled Arc SWCNTs (2% w/v SC). a) Centrifuge tube containing sorted Arc ...
Figure 3: Schematic illustration of the different possible organizations of surfactant molecules on the surfa...
Figure 4: Representative structures of poly(ethylene glycol), PEG44, and poly(ethylene glycol-bl-propylene su...
Figure 1: Experimental setup. The ion beam is incident perpendicularly to the nanocomposite thin film and cat...
Figure 2: RBS spectra of Zn–silica nanocomposite thin film before and after irradiation, (a) 2 atomic % Zn in...
Figure 3: TEM micrographs of 2 atomic % Zn in silica, (a) pristine film, (b) irradiated at a fluence of 3 × 10...
Figure 4: TEM micrographs of 10 atomic % Zn in silica, (a) pristine film, (b) irradiated at a fluence of 3 × ...
Figure 5: TEM micrographs of sputtered particles of (a) 2 atomic % Zn in silica and (b) 10 atomic % Zn in sil...
Figure 6: Schematic diagram of the formation of a thermal spike in the nanocomposite system. The small arrows...
Figure 1: Bovine serum albumin (BSA) depletion in the supernatant after BSA separation from the 50 nm Polysty...
Figure 2: The size-selective separation of mouse serum proteins in the corona of the three differently sized ...
Figure 3: After 24 h incubation the fraction of totally available proteins binding to the AuNP is shown versu...
Figure 4: Spherical monodisperse AuNP of 5 nm core diameter with five different ligands. The zeta potential i...
Figure 5: Protein percentages in cumulative stacks of the most abundant proteins bound to either of all five ...
Figure 6: Schematics of the analysis of quantitative NP biokinetics. After particle administration at time t ...
Figure 7: Release of LDH in the supernatant after incubation of PCLS in tissue culture medium for 4 h. The an...
Figure 8: Release of TNF-α in the supernatant after 4 h of incubation of PCLS (of untreated animals or animal...
Figure 9: Release of IL-8 in the supernatant after 4 h of incubation of PCLS (from untreated animals or anima...
Figure 1: Output voltage and ASR at low current density, showing sulfur tolerance. Yellow shading denotes 24 ...
Figure 2: Output voltage and ASR, showing typical effects of partially reversible sulfur poisoning. Yellow ba...
Figure 3: Output voltage and ASR, showing sulfur tolerance at a current density below 200 mA·cm−2 (24–192 h) ...
Figure 4: Output voltage and ASR, showing initial sulfur tolerance at high current density, and early cell fa...
Figure 5: Top views of ceria deposition on NiO/GDC anodes. a) Treatment 1 (no coating). b) Treatment 2 (direc...
Figure 6: FIB cross-sections halfway through ceria-coated NiO/YSZ anodes, with superimposed EDXS maps (Ni: gr...
Figure 7: Cross-sectional view of an untreated Ni/GDC anode (treatment 1) after operation. a) SEM image; b) E...
Figure 8: Cross-sectional view of a direct-treated anode (treatment 2) after cell operation. a) SEM image; b)...
Figure 9: Cross-sectional views of the thiol-treated anode (treatment 3) of the cell shown in Figure 2 after operatio...
Figure 10: Cross-sectional view of a sulfonate-treated anode (treatment 4) after operation. a) SEM image; b) E...
Figure 11: Average lifetime energy output of SOFCs (with and without GDC interlayers) tested in sulfur-contain...
Figure 12: Average power over cell lifetime, grouped by anode treatment and anode type, ranked by cumulative H2...
Figure 1: Double peeling of a tape. Initial configuration (a): a length h of the tape is not attached to the ...
Figure 2:
The dimensionless peeling force as a function of the peeling angle θeq at equilibrium (a); the tot...
Figure 3:
The dimensionless peeling force as a function of the peeling angle θeq at equilibrium, for differe...
Figure 4:
The dimensionless displacement as a function of the peeling angle θeq at equilibrium, for differen...
Figure 1: Transmission electron micrographs of (a) non-coated, (b) D-mannose- and (c) PDMAAm-coated γ-Fe2O3 n...
Figure 2: Effect of non-coated, D-mannose- and PDMAAm-coated γ-Fe2O3 on the in vitro survival of 4BL human ce...
Figure 3: Confocal micrographs of 4BL human stem cells treated with (a, b) D-mannose-coated γ-Fe2O3, (c, d) P...
Figure 1: (a) Ball-and-stick representation of the MIL-47(V) MOF. Pink, red, black, and white spheres indicat...
Figure 2: (a) Schematic representation of the five inequivalent magnetic configurations investigated in this ...
Figure 3: The spin density distribution of the SFM system. The upper chain has an antiferromagnetic spin conf...
Figure 4: Band structure and density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level for the FM (A) and AF3 (B) spin con...
Figure 1: TM-AFM height images of Keggin POM (a,b), and Wells–Dawson POM (c,d) deposited on mica and HOPG sur...
Figure 2: Schematic representation of the arrangement of Keggin and WD POM on mica and HOPG surfaces.
Figure 3: TM-AFM height images of DODA deposited on a) HOPG and b) mica. Corresponding cross-section analyses...
Figure 4: TM-AFM images of the different DODA–POM hybrids deposited on HOPG. a) Hybrids made from Keggin POM,...
Figure 5: Supramolecular organization of DODA–POM hybrids on HOPG and mica surfaces.
Figure 6: TM-AFM images of the different DODA-POM hybrids deposited on mica surface. a) Hybrids made from Keg...
Figure 7: XPS analysis showing the core levels of different POMs and DODA–POM hybrids deposited on mica and H...
Figure 8: TM-AFM images of the UV–ozone-treated DODA–Keggin POM hybrid deposited on HOPG. a) Treatment time 1...
Figure 1: The experimental XRD diffraction pattern obtained for ultrasound-treated graphite. Both hexagonal a...
Figure 2: A typical second-order Raman spectra of an irradiated sample: the turbostratic (T) structure band (...
Figure 3: EPR signal of ACFs in different temperatures.
Figure 4: EPR signal intensity vs temperature fitted with the unmodified Curie’s law (red) and Curie’s law mo...
Figure 5: EPR signal of ACFs. Adsorption/desorption of H2O: (a) initial signal of pure ACFs, signal gain 4∙104...
Figure 6: Resistivity vs the reciprocal square root of temperature for pure ACFs and ACFs filled with dipolar...
Figure 1: Schematic of the photo-induced synthesis. (a) Selective etching of defect levels. The relationship ...
Figure 2: (a) Dependence of PL spectra on excitation wavelength. (b) PL spectra obtained with excitation wave...
Figure 3: (a) PL spectra obtained with 593 nm light (λ1) as functions of the growth time, t. Black solid line...
Figure 4: (a) PL spectra obtained with 532 nm light (λ2) and different levels of irradiation power. (b) (Left...
Figure 5: TEM images of ZAIS nanocrystals grown without irradiation, t = 60 min; (a) low (2,000,000×) and (b–...
Figure 6: TEM images of ZAIS nanocrystals grown with 532 nm light (400 mW), t = 60 min; (a) low (2,000,000×) ...
Figure 7: (a) Size distribution of among nanocrystals grown without and with 532 nm light (400 mW), t = 5 min...
Figure 8: (a) Distribution of R among nanocrystals grown without and with 532 nm light (400 mW), for a growth...
Scheme 1: Schematic illustration of the synthesis routes for the preparation of quaternized and/or PEGylated ...
Figure 1: TEM micrographs of NexSil20 and POS-NH2 nanoparticles after dry preparation from an aqueous dispers...
Figure 2: Apparent self-diffusion coefficients (Ds,app) from angular-dependent DLS measurements with respect ...
Figure 3: Multicomponent analysis [28] to evaluate the DLS measurement of the mixture of amorphous silica nanopar...
Figure 4: AF-FFF fractograms for NexSil20. Blue: NexSil20 prepared in RPMI cell medium; Red: NexSil20 prepare...
Figure 1: Evolution of the Si NC photoluminescence spectra (offseted for clarity) with high temperature annea...
Figure 2: DLTS spectrum of a MOS structure with Ge NCs embedded in the oxide, with Arrhenius plot in the inse...
Figure 3: Hybridization between F4-TCNQ and Si NC one-electron states. (a) Isosurface plot of the F4-TCNQ low...
Figure 1: The HUVEC populations were pure and retained the endothelial phenotype during the experiment. a) Pr...
Figure 2: CeO2 nanoparticles were localized peri-nuclearly within endothelial cells. HMEC-1 were exposed to d...
Figure 3: CeO2 nanoparticles revealed concentration- and time-dependent effects on the cellular adenosine tri...
Figure 4: Pro-inflammatory impact and ROS generation of CeO2 nanoparticle exposure on endothelial cells. a) M...
Figure 5: The impact of CeO2 nanoparticles on the release of GM-CSF, IL-1α, TNF-α, IP-10, PAI-1, PDGF-BB, EGF...
Figure 6: Metabolic impact of SiO2 nanoparticles on endothelial cells. a) Impact of two different sized SiO2 ...