Sustainable electrochemical synthesis of aliphatic nitro-NNO-azoxy compounds employing ammonium dinitramide and their in vitro evaluation as potential nitric oxide donors and fungicides
- Alexander S. Budnikov,
- Nikita E. Leonov,
- Michael S. Klenov,
- Andrey A. Kulikov,
- Igor B. Krylov,
- Timofey A. Kudryashev,
- Aleksandr M. Churakov,
- Alexander O. Terent’ev and
- Vladimir A. Tartakovsky
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2739–2754, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.211
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Current synthetic approaches to aliphatic nitro-NNO-azoxy compounds and the summary of the present ...
Scheme 2: Scope of the discovered electrochemical nitro-NNO-azoxylation of nitrosoalkanes containing electron...
Scheme 3: Synthetic utility and derivatization of synthesized coupling product 2f.
Figure 1: CV-curves of 0.01 M solutions of a) 1a (blue), b) 1f (azure), c) 1c (pink), d) 1i (yellow), e) S4 (...
Figure 2: CV-curves of 0.01 M solutions of a) 1a (blue), b) ADN (red), c) the mixture of 1a and ADN (green), ...
Scheme 4: Control experiments.
Figure 3: Free energy diagram of possible interaction pathways between 1a and dinitramide-derived radical A a...
Scheme 5: Proposed mechanism for electrochemical nitro-NNO-azoxylation of 1-nitro-1-nitroso compounds 1. Free...
Figure 4: Assessment of the NO release from compounds 2a–i, 3f, and 4f.
Synthesis of β-ketophosphonates through aerobic copper(II)-mediated phosphorylation of enol acetates
- Alexander S. Budnikov,
- Igor B. Krylov,
- Fedor K. Monin,
- Valentina M. Merkulova,
- Alexey I. Ilovaisky,
- Liu Yan,
- Bing Yu and
- Alexander O. Terent’ev
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1192–1200, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.96
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Recent approaches for the synthesis of β-ketophosphonates by the oxyphosphorylation of unsaturated ...
Scheme 2: The scope of the discovered copper(II)-mediated phosphorylation of enol acetates.
Scheme 3: Gram-scale synthesis of 3a.
Scheme 4: Control experiments.
Scheme 5: Proposed mechanism for copper(II) mediated phosphorylation of enol acetates.
Oxime radicals: generation, properties and application in organic synthesis
- Igor B. Krylov,
- Stanislav A. Paveliev,
- Alexander S. Budnikov and
- Alexander O. Terent’ev
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1234–1276, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.107
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Imine-N-oxyl radicals (IV) discussed in the present review and other classes of N-oxyl radicals (I–...
Figure 2: The products of decomposition of iminoxyl radicals generated from oximes by oxidation with Ag2O.
Scheme 1: Generation of oxime radicals and study of the kinetics of their decay by photolysis of the solution...
Scheme 2: Synthesis of di-tert-butyliminoxyl radical and its decomposition products.
Scheme 3: The proposed reaction pathway of the decomposition of di-tert-butyliminoxyl radical (experimentally...
Scheme 4: Monomolecular decomposition of the tert-butyl(triethylmethyl)oxime radical.
Scheme 5: The synthesis and stability of the most stable dialkyl oxime radicals – di-tert-butyliminoxyl and d...
Scheme 6: The formation of iminoxyl radicals from β-diketones under the action of NO2.
Scheme 7: Synthesis of the diacetyliminoxyl radical.
Scheme 8: Examples of long-living oxime radicals with electron-withdrawing groups and the conditions for thei...
Figure 3: The electronic structure iminoxyl radicals and their geometry compared to the corresponding oximes.
Figure 4: Bond dissociation enthalpies (kcal/mol) of oximes and N,N-disubstituted hydroxylamines calculated o...
Scheme 9: Examples demonstrating the low reactivity of the di-tert-butyliminoxyl radical towards the substrat...
Scheme 10: The reactions of di-tert-butyliminoxyl radical with unsaturated hydrocarbons involving hydrogen ato...
Scheme 11: Possible mechanisms of reaction of di-tert-butyliminoxyl radical with alkenes.
Scheme 12: Products of the reaction between di-tert-butyliminoxyl radical and phenol derivatives.
Scheme 13: The reaction of di-tert-butyliminoxyl radical with amines.
Scheme 14: Reaction of di-tert-butyliminoxyl radicals with organolithium reagents.
Scheme 15: Cross-dehydrogenative C–O coupling of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with oximes under the action of mang...
Scheme 16: Cross-dehydrogenative C–O coupling of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with oximes under the action of Cu(BF...
Scheme 17: Oxidative C–O coupling of benzylmalononitrile (47) with 3-(hydroxyimino)pentane-2,4-dione (19).
Scheme 18: The proposed mechanism of the oxidative coupling of benzylmalononitrile (47) with diacetyl oxime (19...
Scheme 19: Oxidative C–O coupling of pyrazolones with oximes under the action of Fe(ClO4)3.
Scheme 20: The reaction of diacetyliminoxyl radical with pyrazolones.
Scheme 21: Oxidative C–O coupling of oximes with acetonitrile, ketones, and esters.
Scheme 22: Intramolecular cyclizations of oxime radicals to form substituted isoxazolines or cyclic nitrones.
Scheme 23: TEMPO-mediated oxidative cyclization of oximes with C–H bond cleavage.
Scheme 24: Proposed reaction mechanism of oxidative cyclization of oximes with C–H bond cleavage.
Scheme 25: Selectfluor/Bu4NI-mediated C–H oxidative cyclization of oximes.
Scheme 26: Oxidative cyclization of N-benzyl amidoximes to 1,2,4-oxadiazoles.
Scheme 27: The formation of quinazolinone 73a from 5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazole 74 under air.
Scheme 28: DDQ-mediated oxidative cyclization of thiohydroximic acids.
Scheme 29: Plausible mechanism of the oxidative cyclization of thiohydroximic acids.
Scheme 30: Silver-mediated oxidative cyclization of α-halogenated ketoximes and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
Scheme 31: Possible pathway of one-pot oxidative cyclization of α-halogenated ketoximes and 1,3-dicarbonyl com...
Scheme 32: T(p-F)PPT-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of oximes with the formation of 1,2,4-oxadiazolines.
Scheme 33: Intramolecular cyclization of iminoxyl radicals involving multiple C=C and N=N bonds.
Scheme 34: Oxidative cyclization of β,γ- and γ,δ-unsaturated oximes employing the DEAD or TEMPO/DEAD system wi...
Scheme 35: Cobalt-catalyzed aerobic oxidative cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes.
Scheme 36: Manganese-catalyzed aerobic oxidative cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes.
Scheme 37: Visible light photocatalytic oxidative cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes.
Scheme 38: TBAI/TBHP-mediated radical cascade cyclization of the β,γ-unsaturated oximes.
Scheme 39: TBAI/TBHP-mediated radical cascade cyclization of vinyl isocyanides with β,γ-unsaturated oximes.
Scheme 40: tert-Butylnitrite-mediated oxidative cyclization of unsaturated oximes with the introduction of an ...
Scheme 41: Transformation of unsaturated oxime to oxyiminomethylisoxazoline via the confirmed dimeric nitroso ...
Scheme 42: tert-Butylnitrite-mediated oxidative cyclization of unsaturated oximes with the introduction of a n...
Scheme 43: Synthesis of cyano-substituted oxazolines from unsaturated oximes using the TBN/[RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 ...
Scheme 44: Synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated isoxazolines from unsaturated oximes.
Scheme 45: Copper-сatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes with the introduction of an azido ...
Scheme 46: TBHP-mediated oxidative cascade cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes and unsaturated N-arylamides.
Scheme 47: Copper-сatalyzed oxidative cyclization of unsaturated oximes with the introduction of an amino grou...
Scheme 48: TEMPO-mediated oxidative cyclization of unsaturated oximes followed by elimination.
Scheme 49: Oxidative cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes with the introduction of a trifluoromethyl group.
Scheme 50: Oxidative cyclization of unsaturated oximes with the introduction of a nitrile group.
Scheme 51: Oxidative cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes to isoxazolines with the introduction of a nitrile ...
Scheme 52: Oxidative cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes to isoxazolines with the introduction of a sulfonyl...
Scheme 53: Oxidative cyclization of β,γ- and γ,δ-unsaturated oximes to isoxazolines with the introduction of a...
Scheme 54: Oxidative cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes to isoxazolines with the introduction of a thiocyan...
Scheme 55: PhI(OAc)2-mediated oxidative cyclization of oximes with C–S and C–Se bond formation.
Scheme 56: PhI(OAc)2-mediated oxidative cyclization of unsaturated oximes accompanied by alkoxylation.
Scheme 57: PhI(OAc)2-mediated cyclization of unsaturated oximes to methylisoxazolines.
Scheme 58: Oxidative cyclization-alkynylation of unsaturated oximes.
Scheme 59: TEMPO-mediated oxidative cyclization of C-glycoside ketoximes to C-glycosylmethylisoxazoles.
Scheme 60: Silver-сatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes with formation of fluoroalkyl isox...
Scheme 61: Oxidative cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes with the formation of haloalkyl isoxazolines.
Scheme 62: Cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes into haloalkyl isoxazolines under the action of the halogenat...
Scheme 63: Synthesis of haloalkyl isoxazoles and cyclic nitrones via oxidative cyclization and 1,2-halogen shi...
Scheme 64: Electrochemical oxidative cyclization of diaryl oximes.
Scheme 65: Copper-сatalyzed cyclization and dioxygenation oximes containing a triple C≡C bond.
Scheme 66: Photoredox-catalyzed sulfonylation of β,γ-unsaturated oximes by sulfonyl hydrazides.
Scheme 67: Oxidative cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes with introduction of sulfonate group.
Scheme 68: Ultrasound-promoted oxidative cyclization of β,γ-unsaturated oximes.
