Scaling up of continuous-flow, microwave-assisted, organic reactions by varying the size of Pd-functionalized catalytic monoliths

• Ping He,
• Stephen J. Haswell,
• Paul D. I. Fletcher,
• Stephen M. Kelly and
• Andrew Mansfield

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1150–1157, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.133

• , respectively. Under optimal reaction conditions the quantity of product could be increased from 31 mg per hour to 340 mg per hour simply by changing the volumetric capacity of the monolith. Keywords: continuous flow; microwave heating; monolith; scaling-up; Suzuki–Miyaura reaction; Introduction Interest in

• alternative approach can be envisaged, i.e., changing the monolith length for scaling up whilst maintaining the required intrinsic properties. It is worth considering the relative advantages and disadvantages of these two possible approaches in light of the work presented. Increasing the diameter of a fixed

Continuous flow photolysis of aryl azides: Preparation of 3H-azepinones

• Farhan R. Bou-Hamdan,
• François Lévesque,
• Alexander G. O'Brien and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1124–1129, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.129

• reactions [8][9][10][11][12][13]. As, from the Beer–Lambert law, the intensity of light decreases exponentially with increasing distance from the light source, minimization of the path length in a continuous flow photoreactor ensures efficient and uniform irradiation of the sample [14], and scaling up is

From discovery to production: Scale- out of continuous flow meso reactors

• Peter Styring and
• Ana I. R. Parracho

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 29, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.29

• further study and even commercialisation it is then required to be produced on a larger scale. The problem is that to move from small discovery to larger pilot or commercial scale production is not simply a case of scaling up the quantities of reagents and solvents [4]. There are also supply issues when

• containment in the case of a failure [2][3]. Scaling up in volume of a reactor has implications on the mass and heat transfer within the system so the reaction must be re-optimised for the prevailing conditions. This is a time-consuming process and often results in the abandoning of the bench scale process in