Semisynthetic derivatives of massarilactone D with cytotoxic and nematicidal activities

• Rémy B. Teponno,
• Sara R. Noumeur and
• Marc Stadler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 607–615, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.48

• Massarilactones constitute a rare class of polyketides produced mainly by endophytic fungi. Given that semisynthetic derivatives often exhibit biological activities greater than those of the substrates, seven previously unreported derivatives of massarilactone D, compounds 2–8, were synthetized by acylation with

• , epidermoid carcinoma A431, ovarian carcinoma SKOV-3, and breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against all the tested cells. Some of the semisynthetic derivatives were also tested for their nematicidal activity and compound 4 displayed significant and selective

• products can serve as effective scaffold for the design and synthesis of derivatives with improved biological activities [5][6][7]. Massarilactones are produced by marine and endophytic fungi and bear close biogenetic similarity to several other fungal PKS1-derived metabolites including rosigenin, the

Sequential two-step, one-pot microwave-assisted Urech synthesis of 5-monosubstituted hydantoins from L-amino acids in water

• Wei-Jin Chang,
• Sook Yee Liew,
• Thomas Kurz and
• Siow-Ping Tan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 596–600, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.46

• antibacterial [1], antiviral [2], anticancer [3], anti-inflammatory [4], and anticonvulsant [5]. Hydantoins were traditionally accessed from amino acids by conversion to urea derivatives followed by cyclization (Urech reaction) or from carbonyl compounds through the cyanohydrin intermediate (Bucherer–Bergs) [6

• Discussion As the first step of Urech hydantoin synthesis involved the N-carbamylation of amino acids, we carried out the microwave-assisted synthesis of urea derivatives in water, utilizing ʟ-phenylaniline as the representative amino acid. The optimal conditions for the N-carbamylation of ʟ-phenylaniline

Formaldehyde surrogates in multicomponent reactions

• Cecilia I. Attorresi,
• Javier A. Ramírez and
• Bernhard Westermann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 564–595, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.45

• this context, quinoline and its derivatives are privileged structures in several natural products and biologically active compounds, rendering this scaffold an important synthetic target. An attractive strategy to afford tetrahydroquinolines and quinolines is the Povarov reaction, a type of aza-Diels

• derivatives are isolated as side-products. Interestingly, when Liu et al. [40] modified this reaction by using a copper(II) catalyst under aerobic oxidative conditions, the regioisomers III (2-arylquinolines) were obtained (Scheme 9). To rationalize this singular result, the authors proposed a mechanism in

• consequently, different catalytic strategies to afford the electrophilic addition on the final cyclization step. Finally, other examples show the synthesis of 3-aryl and alkyl quinoline-3-carboxylate derivatives under acid catalysis for the activation of DMSO via the Pummerer reaction (Scheme 10). In these

Study of the interaction of 2H-furo[3,2-b]pyran-2-ones with nitrogen-containing nucleophiles

• Constantine V. Milyutin,
• Andrey N. Komogortsev and
• Boris V. Lichitsky

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 556–563, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.44

• ][9]. Wherein, the wide variety of easily available starting butenolides and amines allows one to create a huge array of practically useful products. At the same time, the application of hydrazine derivatives expands the range of formed heterocycles. So, along with the aforementioned N-substituted

• process with hydrazine derivatives is known in the literature. Therefore, the study of recyclizations of heterocyclic systems containing the 3-acylfuran-2(5H)-one core under action of various hydrazines is of a great interest. Ongoing our research in the field of allomaltol chemistry in the present

• and allomaltol derivatives have the wide variety of biological activity [12][13][14][15][16]. This means that designing such hybrid products can significantly alter the pharmacological properties. Results and Discussion The starting compounds 1 were prepared from allomaltol employing a previously

Binding of tryptophan and tryptophan-containing peptides in water by a glucose naphtho crown ether

• Gianpaolo Gallo and
• Bartosz Lewandowski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 541–546, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.42

• peptides for binding we prepared the derivatives of peptides 2–4 bearing an acetyl-capped N-terminus (compounds 5–7). As a control we also studied tripeptide 8 containing exclusively alanine residues. The binding of tripeptides was again studied by ITC and fluorescence spectroscopy and the results are

Vinylogous functionalization of 4-alkylidene-5-aminopyrazoles with methyl trifluoropyruvates

• Judit Hostalet-Romero,
• Laura Carceller-Ferrer,
• Gonzalo Blay,
• Amparo Sanz-Marco,
• José R. Pedro and
• Carlos Vila

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 533–540, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.41

• . Several homoallylic trifluoromethyl carbinols functionalized with a pyrazole moiety were obtained under mild reaction conditions (27–80% yield). This methodology provides a straightforward access to an unprecedented class of trifluoromethyl carbinol derivatives offering a new synthetic approach to

Cryptophycin unit B analogues

• Thomas Schachtsiek,
• Jona Voss,
• Maren Hamsen,
• Beate Neumann,
• Hans-Georg Stammler and
• Norbert Sewald

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 526–532, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.40

• derivatives lack a covalent attachment handle. By making use of drug conjugates, toxic payloads such as cryptophycins can be selectively delivered to the target site. We present the synthesis of two conjugable cryptophycins with amino groups in unit B, representing potential payloads for drug conjugates

• -phenyl position of unit A [9][10][11] or derivatisation of unit A’s epoxide moiety into a halohydrin (-glycinate) [5][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Cryptophycins modified at the α-position of unit C [18] and, most recently, various derivatives with modifications in unit D [19] were established as potent and

• of, firstly, m-chloro-p-(methylamino) derivative 1 to dissect the structure–activity relationship between the primary (IC50(CCRF-CEM) = 0.58 nM), secondary, and tertiary amine (IC50(CCRF-CEM) = 54 pM) derivatives [20]. Secondly, p-(dimethylamino) derivative 2 was synthesised to investigate the effect

Deep-blue emitting 9,10-bis(perfluorobenzyl)anthracene

• Long K. San,
• Sebastian Balser,
• Brian J. Reeves,
• Tyler T. Clikeman,
• Yu-Sheng Chen,
• Steven H. Strauss and
• Olga V. Boltalina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 515–525, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.39

• photostability compared to ANTH and 9,10-ANTH derivatives, and a simple synthetic access makes it an attractive material as a deep-blue OLED emitter and an efficient fluorescent probe. Keywords: anthracene; dibromoanthracene; electron poor polyaromatic systems; fluorescence; perfluoroalkylation

• have promising applications in optoelectronics. For example, investigation of the photophysical and electronic properties of ANTH began in the 1960s [1][2][3], and since then many new ANTH derivatives have been synthesized and explored for their use as fluorescent probes, organic semiconductors, and

• , the size and conformational flexibility of the five BnF groups resulted in significant disruption of CORA–CORA π–π interactions due to the greater CORA–CORA bowl-to-bowl distances relative to the less bulky C5-CORA(CF3)5 analogue [18][19]. However, corannulene derivatives are only weakly fluorescent

Synthesis of the aggregation pheromone of Tribolium castaneum

• Biyu An,
• Xueyang Wang,
• Ao Jiao,
• Qinghua Bian and
• Jiangchun Zhong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 510–514, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.38

• , Mori and Phillips achieved the complete separation of the derivatives from the four stereoisomers by reversed-phase HPLC at −54 °C, and revealed that the natural pheromone consists of four stereoisomers of 4,8-dimethyldecanal (Figure 1) [16][17]. Previous syntheses mainly focused on chiral sources of

Unprecedented visible light-initiated topochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition in a functionalized bimane dye

• Metodej Dvoracek,
• Brendan Twamley,
• Mathias O. Senge and
• Mikhail A. Filatov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 500–509, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.37

• with the Schmidt criteria for topochemical cycloaddition. Additionally, two other bimane derivatives with different substitution patterns were synthesized and investigated. Our findings suggest that functionalizing bimanes to redshift their absorption maxima into the visible-light spectrum provides a

Synthesis of N-acetyl diazocine derivatives via cross-coupling reaction

• Thomas Brandt,
• Pascal Lentes,
• Jeremy Rudtke,
• Michael Hösgen,
• Christian Näther and
• Rainer Herges

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.36

• switching efficiency in aqueous solutions. In order to investigate the chemistry of this promising photoswitch and to unlock further applications, we now investigate strategies for the synthesis of derivatives, which are based on cross-coupling reactions. Fourteen vinyl-, aryl-, cyano-, and amino

• -substituted diazocines were prepared via Stille, Suzuki, and Buchwald–Hartwig reactions. X-ray structures are presented for derivatives 1, 2 and 7. Keywords: cross-coupling; diazocine; N-acetyl diazocine; photoisomerization; photoswitch; thermal relaxation; Introduction Diazocines are frequently used

• diazocine 23 in yields of 61% from bromide 2 and 81% from iodide 3 (Scheme 3). Nitriles are a good starting point for further functional group interconversions [39]. Photochemical characterization With these new N-acetyl diazocine derivatives at hand we turned towards the photochemical characterization, in

Synthesis of electrophile-tethered preQ₁ analogs for covalent attachment to preQ₁ RNA

• Laurin Flemmich and
• Ronald Micura

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 483–489, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.35

• transcription or translation of the mRNA and results in altered transcript and/or protein levels [5]. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the modification of preQ1. preQ1 derivatives, preQ1 analogs and mimics of preQ1 have greatly expanded our understanding of preQ1-binding biomolecules, such

• vitro and in living cells using rationally designed electrophile-tethered derivatives of preQ1 (1) and its Watson–Crick diamino-faced counterpart DPQ1 (2, Scheme 1A). These ligands (compound classes 3 and 4, Scheme 1A) were tailored to target a conserved guanine nucleobase within a natural preQ1-binding

• derivatives have been reported [22][23][24][25][26]. Among these reports, various silylation and protection strategies have been employed to address the poor solubility of preQ1 (and analogs) in organic solvents [9][22][23][25][26][27][28][29]. Herein, we report an optimized three-step protocol, free of

Organocatalytic kinetic resolution of 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds through a retro-Michael reaction

• James Guevara-Pulido,
• Fernando González-Pérez,
• José M. Andrés and
• Rafael Pedrosa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 473–482, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.34

• conditions tested. Similarly, the resolution of nitro aldehydes 16 and 17, prepared by Michael addition of nitromethane to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (entries 16 and 17, Table 5), was tested, and the same results were obtained as in the cases of the malonate derivatives. These results indicate that dicarbonyl

• compounds are better leaving groups than diesters or nitro derivatives in this type of transformation. Another possible explanation is that Michael adducts other than 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds require more robust bases to shift the equilibrium toward the retro-Michael product. It is essential to highlight

New tandem Ugi/intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction based on vinylfuran and 1,3-butadienylfuran derivatives

• Yuriy I. Horak,
• Roman Z. Lytvyn,
• Andrii R. Vakhula,
• Yuriy V. Homza,
• Nazariy T. Pokhodylo and
• Mykola D. Obushak

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 444–450, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.31

• reaction and Diels–Alder [4 + 2] cycloaddition based on vinylfuran and 1,3-butadienylfuran derivatives was designed and studied. It was found that in the case of 3-(furan-2-yl)acrylaldehyde, a one-pot Ugi reaction and intramolecular Diels–Alder vinylarene (IMDAV) reaction leads to the formation of the

• insufficiently studied furo[2,3-f]isoindole derivatives. Ugi adducts formed from (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)acrylaldehyde, maleic acid monoanilide, isonitrile, and an amine spontaneously underwent the IMDAV reaction with a high level of stereoselectivity, leading to single pairs of enantiomers of 4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro

• [11][12][13]. Advancements in one-pot syntheses, like combining the Ugi reaction with other methods [14][15][16][17][18], for example, the Huisgen cycloaddition, have led to the creation of unique [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine derivatives [19]. Tandem reactions are particularly valued for their atom

Unraveling aromaticity: the dual worlds of pyrazole, pyrazoline, and 3D carborane

• Zahra Noori,
• Miquel Solà,
• Clara Viñas,
• Francesc Teixidor and
• Jordi Poater

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 412–420, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.29

• , exceptional thermal and chemical stability, and robust synthetic versatility [16][17] – make carborane derivatives essential components in various fields. These include pharmaceuticals [18][19][20][21][22], boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) [23][24][25][26], organometallic ligands [27], and functional

Identification and removal of a cryptic impurity in pomalidomide-PEG based PROTAC

• Bingnan Wang,
• Yong Lu and
• Chuo Chen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 407–411, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.28

• sulfonate to the byproduct by reacting it with taurine allows for easy decontamination. This method may facilitate the purification of other similar reactions and improve the quality of related pomalidomide derivatives. The structures of veliparib and iVeliparib-AP6. Identification of the cryptic impurity

• silica gel column chromatography. The LUMO and electrostatic charges of thalidomide and its derivatives by DFT calculation at the ωB97X-D/6-311+G** level. The synthetic route for iVeliparib-AP6. The conversion of byproduct 6 to 10 to facilitate its removal. Effects of the length and functionalization of

The effect of neighbouring group participation and possible long range remote group participation in O-glycosylation

• Rituparna Das and
• Balaram Mukhopadhyay

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 369–406, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.27

• successfully substituted the acetyl group with the benzoyl group to primarily obtain 1,2-trans glycosides [83][84][85]. Ishida et al. implemented benzoyl protection for the synthesis of 1,2-trans glycosides for the iterative synthesis of oligo-α-rhamnoside derivatives [86]. Both acetyl and benzoyl groups

• glycosylation reactions making them solvent-free and being more environment friendly without compromising on the stereoselectivity. Thus, the acetyl and benzoyl group and similar derivatives are the most widely used protecting groups to obtain 1,2-trans glycosides in oligosaccharide syntheses. Ester groups in

• hydrogenation step to yield the product 38 [107]. Compound 37 shows all-1,2-trans glycosidic bonds due to the installed pivaloyl group in the C-2 position. This cyanopivaloyl group is also widely used in solid-phase automated oligosaccharide synthesis [107] for the synthesis of oligorhamnoside derivatives. Thus

Synthesis, structure, ionochromic and cytotoxic properties of new 2-(indolin-2-yl)-1,3-tropolones

• Yurii A. Sayapin,
• Eugeny A. Gusakov,
• Inna O. Tupaeva,
• Alexander D. Dubonosov,
• Igor V. Dorogan,
• Valery V. Tkachev,
• Anna S. Goncharova,
• Gennady V. Shilov,
• Natalia S. Kuznetsova,
• Svetlana Y. Filippova,
• Tatyana A. Krasnikova,
• Yanis A. Boumber,
• Alexey Y. Maksimov,
• Sergey M. Aldoshin and
• Vladimir I. Minkin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 358–368, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.26

• Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA 10.3762/bjoc.21.26 Abstract The acid-catalyzed reaction of benzo[e(g)] derivatives of 2,3,3-trimethylindolenines with o-chloranil

• antibacterial [4] and cytotoxic activity [6][7]. Existing approaches to the synthesis of 1,3-tropolone derivatives have a number of drawbacks, namely, limited synthesis methodology and low yields of the target compounds [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Over the past decade, only a few reports have been published

• [16][17]. Indole derivatives, including those with conjugated aromatic and alicyclic rings, are of considerable interest because of their diverse biological activities (antibacterial, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, etc.) [18][19][20][21][22]. For this reason, the synthetic goal of this work

Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and carbonic anhydrase inhibition activities of multifunctional pyrazolo-1,2-benzothiazine acetamides

• Ayesha Saeed,
• Shahana Ehsan,
• Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman,
• Erin M. Marshall,
• Sandra Loesgen,
• Abdus Saleem,
• Simone Giovannuzzi and
• Claudiu T. Supuran

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 348–357, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.25

• are synthesized by incorporation of benzothiazine, pyrazole, and amide moieties in a new scaffold to create multifunctional derivatives of pyrazolo-1,2-benzothiazine. The presented compounds have been synthesized and analyzed using spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques including FTIR, HRMS, 1H

• cell line HCT-116 (ATCC CCL-247) revealed that only compound 7l inhibited cell viability, while the rest of the compounds including 7b and 7h showed no significant decrease in mammalian cell viability. Results of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibition assays discovered that monoalkylated derivatives

• biologically active useful candidates. NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) currently approved like piroxicam [12], meloxicam [13], and other derivatives of these two are well known for their activities [5]. 1,2-Benzothiazines are highly bioactive moieties and have been explored as antibacterial [14

Antibiofilm and cytotoxic metabolites from the entomopathogenic fungus Samsoniella aurantia

• Rita Toshe,
• Syeda J. Khalid,
• Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou,
• Esteban Charria-Girón,
• Paul Eckhardt,
• Birthe Sandargo,
• Kunlapat Nuchthien,
• J. Jennifer Luangsa-ard,
• Till Opatz,
• Hedda Schrey,
• Sherif S. Ebada and
• Marc Stadler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 327–339, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.23

• and five 2-pyridone derivatives that revealed potential antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms [7]. These results encouraged us to explore a member of the Cordycipitaceae, in the genus Samsoniella that was segregated from Akanthomyces based on morphological and molecular evidence

• δC 34.2 (C-12) and 29.7 (C-13), respectively. The HMBC correlations (Figure 3) indicated that the side chain in 1 ends as –C(CH3)=CH-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 resembling those from farinosones A/B [8] and tenellin derivatives [10][11]. The relative configuration of 1 was elucidated based on its ROESY spectrum

• groups ascribed to H3-14 and H3-15 together with a diastereotopic methylene group at δH 1.25/1.36 (H2-13) confirming the depicted end of the aliphatic sidechain as –C(CH3)=CH-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 similar to that in farinosones A/B [8] and tenellin derivatives [10][11]. To establish the absolute configuration

Red light excitation: illuminating photocatalysis in a new spectrum

• Lucas Fortier,
• Corentin Lefebvre and
• Norbert Hoffmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 296–326, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.22

• photocatalysts, such as helical carbenium ions and advanced nitrobenzofuran derivatives for applications in phototherapy and controlled drug release, underscoring the potential of red-light photocatalysis in biomedicine. Review Red-light photocatalysis with metal-based complexes Metal-based complexes naturally

• properties of metal complexes. Phthalocyanins, porphyrins, and their derivatives exemplify this, as their rigid macrocyclic structures enable strong absorption in the visible to NIR regions, making them appealing for photoredox catalysis applications. For instance, ruthenium phthalocyanin complexes have

• emerged as potent catalysts for red-light-mediated photoreactions. Furuyama et al. demonstrated that a ruthenium phthalocyanin complex could catalyze trifluoromethylation reactions of styrene derivatives 18 with either CF3SO2Cl or Umemoto’s reagent 19 under red-light irradiation without the need for

Molecular diversity of the reactions of MBH carbonates of isatins and various nucleophiles

• Zi-Ying Xiao,
• Jing Sun and
• Chao-Guo Yan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 286–295, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.21

• . Diverse functionalized 3-substituted oxindole derivatives were successfully prepared in satisfactory yields and with high diastereoselectivity. In addition, the base-promoted dimerization of MBH carbonates of isatin afforded the ethylene-bridged bis(3-methylene)oxindole derivatives with nearly 4:1

• biologically important 3-substituted and spirooxindole derivatives [5][6][7]. The unique molecular architecture and remarkable pharmacological activities have made spirooxindole one of the hottest synthetic targets with fruitful chemical and steric selectivity [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In recent years

• ]. In the presence of a Lewis base, MBH carbonates of isatins can be easily converted to activated allylic ylides, which in turn can undergo allylic substitution and annulation reactions to give diverse 3-substituted and spirooxindole derivatives [36][37][38][39][40][41]. Inspired by these elegant

Synthesis and characterizations of highly luminescent 5-isopropoxybenzo[rst]pentaphene

• Islam S. Marae,
• Jingyun Tan,
• Rengo Yoshioka,
• Zakaria Ziadi,
• Eugene Khaskin,
• Serhii Vasylevskyi,
• Ryota Kabe,
• Xiushang Xu and
• Akimitsu Narita

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 270–276, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.19

• by scanning electron microscopy. The intriguing optical properties of BPP and its derivatives may lead to their application as fluorophores. Keywords: benzo[rst]pentaphene; intramolecular charge transfer; nanocrystals; photoluminescence; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Introduction Polycyclic

• facile access to BPP was reported by Amsharov and co-workers through the so-called "dehydrative π-extension (DPEX)” reaction [12]. However, functionalized derivatives of BPP have scarcely been explored in comparison to the extensive studies on the derivatives of other PAHs, such as pyrene [15][16][17

• -substituted derivatives [21][22]. In comparison to the absorption spectrum of BPP 2, this lowest-energy absorption band of BPP-OiPr 3 was red-shifted by ≈26 nm, which marked the inductive and resonance effects of the electron-donating isopropyloxy group with lone pairs of electrons, raising the HOMO level

Three-component reactions of conjugated dienes, CH acids and formaldehyde under diffusion mixing conditions

• Dmitry E. Shybanov,
• Maxim E. Kukushkin,
• Eugene V. Babaev,
• Nikolai V. Zyk and
• Elena K. Beloglazkina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 262–269, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.18

• , which should significantly reduce undesirable polycondensations involving CH2O as well as polymerization of the intermediately formed methylidene derivatives. In this work, we generated methylidene adducts by formaldehyde condensation under diffusion mixing conditions in three-component reactions with

• various CH acid derivatives and conjugated dienes (cyclopentadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene and isoprene), leading to [4 + 2]-cycloaddition adducts (Scheme 1). It should be noted that in previous works describing three-component reactions of carbonyl compounds, conjugated dienes and

• conditions, we studied the possibility of generating active methylidene derivatives from malonic ester, Meldrum's acid, cyanoacetic acid ester, acetoacetic ester, acetylacetone and 1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione (1). We found that, with the exception of malonic ester, all compounds reacted with formaldehyde

Synthesis of disulfides and 3-sulfenylchromones from sodium sulfinates catalyzed by TBAI

• Zhenlei Zhang,
• Ying Wang,
• Xingxing Pan,
• Manqi Zhang,
• Wei Zhao,
• Meng Li and
• Hao Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 253–261, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.17

• importance. In the field of disulfide synthesis, the conventional approach mainly involves oxidizing thiols to form disulfides. This process employs various oxidation agents, which can be categorized as nonmetallic and metal derivatives [12][13][14][15][16]. Over the past few years, the implementation of

• (sp2)–H radical sulfenylation of enaminones or chromones has emerged as a popular strategy using various sulfenyl precursors such as thiophenols [38][39][40], sulfonyl hydrazides [41][42], disulfides [43], KSCN [44], S8 [45], methylsulfinyl derivatives [46], sodium sulfinates [47], and thiosulfonates