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Search for "2,2′-bipyridine" in Full Text gives 57 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.
CuCl-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of 2,3-allenols to 1,2-allenic ketones with 1:1 combination of phenanthroline and bipyridine as ligands
- Shuxu Gao,
- Yu Liu and
- Shengming Ma
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 396–403, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.51
- order to improve the yield further, we examined the effect of ligands. When 2,2'-bipyridine, which has a weaker coordinating ability, was used [36], the yield of 2a was lower (Table 3, entry 2). With 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline the yield was slightly improved to 66% (Table 3, entry 3). These
- , it was interesting to observe that when 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridine were mixed in the ratio of 1:1 [37][38], the isolated yield was improved to 82% (Table 3, entry 6). The yield with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridine (1:1) was 83% (Table 3, entry 10). However, 4,7
- -diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline is relatively expensive (1 g, $ 94, Aldrich), so the cheaper 1,10-phenanthroline (5 g, $ 26.4, Aldrich) was used for further study. The effect of ratio of 1,10-phenanthroline vs 2,2'-bipyridine on the yield was also studied: A ratio of 1:1 proved to be the best (Table 3
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: 1 gram scale reaction of allenol 1k.
Scheme 2: The oxidation of 1l and 1m under 1 atm of oxygen.
Tandem catalysis of ring-closing metathesis/atom transfer radical reactions with homobimetallic ruthenium–arene complexes
- Yannick Borguet,
- Xavier Sauvage,
- Guillermo Zaragoza,
- Albert Demonceau and
- Lionel Delaude
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1167–1173, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.133
- complex [RuCl2(=CHPh)(SIMes)(PCy3)], CuCl, and dHbipy (SIMes is 1,3-dimesitylimidazolin-2-ylidene, dHbipy is 4,4'-di-n-heptyl-2,2'-bipyridine) was able to promote the ATRA of trichloroacetic acid onto cyclopentadiene followed by a lactonization into 3,3-dichloro-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Reaction of homobimetallic ruthenium–indenylidene complex 1 with ethylene.
Scheme 2: Schematic illustration of tandem assisted catalysis with complexes 1 and 2.
Scheme 3: Tandem RCM/ATRC of 2,2,2-trichloro-N-(octa-1,7-dien-3-yl)acetamide (4) catalyzed by complex 1.
Scheme 4: Ruthenium catalyzed transformation of substrate 16.
Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for the synthesis of functionalized polymers
- Daniel Crespy and
- Katharina Landfester
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1132–1148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.130
- polymer dissolved in toluene. The synthesis of fluorescent conjugated particles of poly(arylene diethynylenes) in direct miniemulsions by Glaser coupling has also been reported [133]. 4,4'-Dinonyl-2,2'-bipyridine was found to be a suitable ligand for solubilizing the copper(I) chloride catalyst in the
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Copolymerization of 2 monomers A and B with different polarities in direct miniemlusions with the d...
Figure 2: Interfacial alternating radical copolymerization between dibutyl maleate and vinyl gluconamide for ...
Figure 3: Chemical structures of the surfmers for radical polymerization in miniemulsions: a: sodium vinylben...
Scheme 1: Synthesis of the macroinitiator for ROMP in direct miniemulsion [71].
Figure 4: Monomers used in ionic miniemulsion polymerization. a: octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane [9,74], b: 1,3,5-tris...
Figure 5: Enzymatic reactions in miniemulsion droplets (reproduced with permission from [91]. Copyright (2003) Wi...
Figure 6: Chemical structure of a: polyaniline (leucoemeraldine), b: polypyrrole, c: poly(ethylene dioxythiop...
Figure 7: Transmission electron micrograph of polyurethane capsules synthesized by interfacial polyaddition i...
Figure 8: Schematics for the polycondensation reaction between hydrophobic alcohols and carboxylic acids surr...
Scheme 2: Polyimide from the reaction performed in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoro...
Figure 9: a: TEM micrograph of the cubic structures, b: proposed mechanism for the production of the nanocube...
Hybrid biofunctional nanostructures as stimuli-responsive catalytic systems
- Gernot U. Marten,
- Thorsten Gelbrich and
- Annette M. Schmidt
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 922–931, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.98
- functionality under the polymerization conditions [33]. The catalytic system employed in the synthesis is based on copper(I) bromide and 2,2´-bipyridine in a DMSO solution. After 24 h of stirring at ambient temperature, viscous, deep brown magnetic dispersions are obtained. The success of the surface-initiated
- solution (Fluka, 25%), Nα-benzoyl-D,L-arginin-4-nitroanilide hydrochloride (BAPNA) (Sigma, 98%), benzylamine (BzA) (Janssen Chimica), 2,2´-bipyridine (bpy) (Aldrich, 99%), citric acid monohydrate (Grüssing GmbH, 99,5%), (4-(chloromethyl)phenyl)trimethoxysilane (CPS) (ABCR, 95%), copper(I) bromide (CuBr
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of magnetic biocatalyst particles.
Figure 1: Structures of comonomers employed in the synthesis of functional core–shell particles.
Figure 2: TEM images of a) Fe3O4 nanoparticles electrostatically stabilized by citric acid; b) Fe3O4@P(M100) ...
Figure 3: a) Cloud point temperature Tc of Fe3O4@P(OxMy) in water in relation to molar fraction of MEMA χM,ex...
Figure 4: a) Normalized magnetization loops of dispersions based on Fe3O4@CA in water (solid line), Fe3O4@CPS...
Scheme 2:
Reaction scheme of the enzymatic digestion of BAPNA catalyzed by magnetically labeled trypsin (![[Graphic 1]](/bjoc/content/inline/1860-5397-6-98-i6.png?max-width=637&scale=0.1536366)
).
Figure 5: a) Cornish-Bowden diagram for the temperature-dependent kinetic data of trypsin activity, and b) Ea...
Scheme 3: Proposed mechanism of catalytic activity after heating magnetic biocatalyst particles above Tc.
Figure 6: a) Turnover number kcat and b) Michaelis constant Km of particle- immobilized trypsin vs free tryps...
Molecular recognition of organic ammonium ions in solution using synthetic receptors
- Andreas Späth and
- Burkhard König
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 32, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.32
- stationary phase for enantioseparation of racemic protonated primary arylalkyl amines [153]. Comparable enantioselectivities with a stronger co-ordinating ligand can be achieved using a crown ether bearing a bispyridyl (bpy) unit in the ring (23). A series of these C2-symmetric 2,2-bipyridine-containing
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Biologically important amines and quaternary ammonium salts: histamine (1), dopamine (2) and acetyl...
Figure 2: Crown ether 18-crown-6.
Figure 3: Conformations of 18-crown-6 (4) in solvents of different polarity.
Figure 4: Binding topologies of the ammonium ion depending on the crown ring size.
Figure 5: A “pseudorotaxane” structure consisting of 24-crown-8 and a secondary ammonium ion (5); R = Ph.
Figure 6: Typical examples of azacrown ethers, cryptands and related aza macrocycles.
Figure 7: Binding of ammonium to azacrown ethers and cryptands [111-113].
Figure 8: A 19-crown-6-ether with decalino blocking groups (11) and a thiazole-dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether (12).
Figure 9: 1,3-Bis(6-oxopyridazin-1-yl)propane derivatives 13 and 14 by Campayo et al.
Figure 10: Fluorescent azacrown-PET-sensors based on coumarin.
Figure 11: Two different pyridino-cryptands (17 and 18) compared to a pyridino-crown (19); chiral ammonium ion...
Figure 12: Pyridino-18-crown-6 ligand (21), a similar acridino-18-crown-6 ligand (22) and a structurally relat...
Figure 13: Ciral pyridine-azacrown ether receptors 24.
Figure 14: Chiral 15-crown-5 receptors 26 and an analogue 18-crown-6 ligand 27 derived from amino alcohols.
Figure 15: C2-symmetric chiral 18-crown-6 amino alcohol derivatives 28 and related macrocycles.
Figure 16: Macrocycles with diamide-diester groups (30).
Figure 17: C2-symmetric chiral aza-18-crown-6 ethers (31) with phenethylamine residues.
Figure 18: Chiral C-pivot p-methoxy-phenoxy-lariat ethers.
Figure 19: Chiral lariat crown ether 34.
Figure 20: Sucrose-based chiral crown ether receptors 36.
Figure 21: Permethylated fructooligosaccharide 37 showing induced-fit chiral recognition.
Figure 22: Biphenanthryl-18-crown-6 derivative 38.
Figure 23: Chiral lariat crown ethers derived from binol by Fuji et al.
Figure 24: Chiral phenolic crown ether 41 with “aryl chiral barriers” and guest amines.
Figure 25: Chiral bis-crown receptor 43 with a meso-ternaphthalene backbone.
Figure 26: Chromogenic pH-dependent bis-crown chemosensor 44 for diamines.
Figure 27: Triamine guests for binding to receptor 44.
Figure 28: Chiral bis-crown phenolphthalein chemosensors 46.
Figure 29: Crown ether amino acid 47.
Figure 30: Luminescent receptor 48 for bis-alkylammonium guests.
Figure 31: Luminescent CEAA (49a), a bis-CEAA receptor for amino acids (49b) and the structure of lysine bindi...
Figure 32: Luminescent CEAA tripeptide for binding small peptides.
Figure 33: Bis crown ether 51a self assembles co-operatively with C60-ammonium ion 51b.
Figure 34: Triptycene-based macrotricyclic dibenzo-[24]-crown-8 ether host 52 and guests.
Figure 35: Copper imido diacetic acid azacrown receptor 53a and the suggested His-Lys binding motif; a copper ...
Figure 36: Urea (54) and thiourea (55) benzo crown receptor for transport and extraction of amino acids.
Figure 37: Crown pyryliums ion receptors 56 for amino acids.
Figure 38: Ditopic sulfonamide bridged crown ether receptor 57.
Figure 39: Luminescent peptide receptor 58.
Figure 40: Luminescent receptor 59 for the detection of D-glucosamine hydrochloride in water/ethanol and lumin...
Figure 41: Guanidinium azacrown receptor 61 for simple amino acids and ditopic receptor 62 with crown ether an...
Figure 42: Chiral bicyclic guanidinium azacrown receptor 63 and similar receptor 64 for the enantioselective t...
Figure 43: Receptors for zwitterionic species based on luminescent CEAAs.
Figure 44: 1,10-Azacrown ethers with sugar podand arms and the anticancer agent busulfan.
Figure 45: Benzo-18-crown-6 modified β-cyclodextrin 69 and β-cyclodextrin functionalized with diaza-18-crown-6...
Figure 46: Receptors for colorimetric detection of primary and secondary ammonium ions.
Figure 47: Porphyrine-crown-receptors 72.
Figure 48: Porphyrin-crown ether conjugate 73 and fullerene-ammonium ion guest 74.
Figure 49: Calix[4]arene (75a), homooxocalix[4]arene (75b) and resorcin[4]arene (75c) compared (R = H, alkyl c...
Figure 50: Calix[4]arene and ammonium ion guest (R = H, alkyl, OAcyl etc.), possible binding sites; A: co-ordi...
Figure 51: Typical guests for studies with calixarenes and related molecules.
Figure 52: Lower rim modified p-tert-butylcalix[5]arenes 82.
Figure 53: The first example of a water soluble calixarene.
Figure 54: Sulfonated water soluble calix[n]arenes that bind ammonium ions.
Figure 55: Displacement assay for acetylcholine (3) with a sulfonato-calix[6]arene (84b).
Figure 56: Amino acid inclusion in p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (84a).
Figure 57: Calixarene receptor family 86 with upper and lower rim functionalization.
Figure 58: Calix[6]arenes 87 with one carboxylic acid functionality.
Figure 59: Sulfonated calix[n]arenes with mono-substitution at the lower rim systematically studied on their r...
Figure 60: Cyclotetrachromotropylene host (91) and its binding to lysine (81c).
Figure 61: Calixarenes 92 and 93 with phosphonic acids groups.
Figure 62: Calix[4]arene tetraphosphonic acid (94a) and a double bridged analogue (94b).
Figure 63: Calix[4]arene tetraphosphonic acid ester (92c) for surface recognition experiments.
Figure 64: Calixarene receptors 95 with α-aminophosphonate groups.
Figure 65: A bridged homocalix[3]arene 95 and a distally bridged homocalix[4]crown 96.
Figure 66: Homocalix[3]arene ammonium ion receptor 97a and the Reichardt’s dye (97b) for colorimetric assays.
Figure 67: Chromogenic diazo-bridged calix[4]arene 98.
Figure 68: Calixarene receptor 99 by Huang et al.
Figure 69: Calixarenes 100 reported by Parisi et al.
Figure 70: Guest molecules for inclusion in calixarenes 100: DAP × 2 HCl (101a), APA (101b) and Lys-OMe × 2 HC...
Figure 71: Different N-linked peptido-calixarenes open and with glycol chain bridges.
Figure 72: (S)-1,1′-Bi-2-naphthol calixarene derivative 104 published by Kubo et al.
Figure 73: A chiral ammonium-ion receptor 105 based on the calix[4]arene skeleton.
Figure 74: R-/S-phenylalaninol functionalized calix[6]arenes 106a and 106b.
Figure 75: Capped homocalix[3]arene ammonium ion receptor 107.
Figure 76: Two C3 symmetric capped calix[6]arenes 108 and 109.
Figure 77: Phosphorous-containing rigidified calix[6]arene 110.
Figure 78: Calix[6]azacryptand 111.
Figure 79: Further substituted calix[6]azacryptands 112.
Figure 80: Resorcin[4]arene (75c) and the cavitands (113).
Figure 81: Tetrasulfonatomethylcalix[4]resorcinarene (114).
Figure 82: Resorcin[4]arenes (115a/b) and pyrogallo[4]arenes (115c, 116).
Figure 83: Displacement assay for acetylcholine (3) with tetracyanoresorcin[4]arene (117).
Figure 84: Tetramethoxy resorcinarene mono-crown-5 (118).
Figure 85: Components of a resorcinarene based displacement assay for ammonium ions.
Figure 86: Chiral basket resorcin[4]arenas 121.
Figure 87: Resorcinarenes with deeper cavitand structure (122).
Figure 88: Resorcinarene with partially open deeper cavitand structure (123).
Figure 89: Water-stabilized deep cavitands with partially structure (124, 125).
Figure 90: Charged cavitands 126 for tetralkylammonium ions.
Figure 91: Ditopic calix[4]arene receptor 127 capped with glycol chains.
Figure 92: A calix[5]arene dimer for diammonium salt recognition.
Figure 93: Calixarene parts 92c and 129 for the formation molecular capsules.
Figure 94: Encapsulation of a quaternary ammonium cation by two resorcin[4]arene molecules (NMe4+@[75c]2 × Cl−...
Figure 95: Encapsulation of a quaternary ammonium cation by six resorcin[4]arene molecules (NMe3D+@[130]6 × Cl−...
Figure 96: Structure and schematic of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6], 131a).
Figure 97: Cyclohexanocucurbit[6]uril (CB′[6], 132) and the guest molecule spermine (133).
Figure 98: α,α,δ,δ-Tetramethylcucurbit[6]uril (134).
Figure 99: Structure of the cucurbituril-phthalhydrazide analogue 135.
Figure 100: Organic cavities for the displacement assay for amine differentiation.
Figure 101: Displacement assay methodology for diammonium- and related guests involving cucurbiturils and some ...
Figure 102: Nor-seco-Cucurbituril (±)-bis-ns-CB[6] (140) and guest molecules.
Figure 103: The cucurbit[6]uril based complexes 141 for chiral discrimination.
Figure 104: Cucurbit[7]uril (131c) and its ferrocene guests (142) opposed.
Figure 105: Cucurbit[7]uril (131c) guest inclusion and representative guests.
Figure 106: Cucurbit[7]uril (131c) binding to succinylcholine (145) and different bis-ammonium and bis-phosphon...
Figure 107: Paraquat-cucurbit[8]uril complex 149.
Figure 108: Gluconuril-based ammonium receptors 150.
Figure 109: Examples of clefts (151a), tweezers (151b, 151c, 151d) and clips (151e).
Figure 110: Kemp’s triacid (152a), on example of Rebek’s receptors (152b) and guests.
Figure 111: Amino acid receptor (154) by Rebek et al.
Figure 112: Hexagonal lattice designed hosts by Bell et al.
Figure 113: Bell’s amidinium receptor (156) and the amidinium ion (157).
Figure 114: Aromatic phosphonic acids.
Figure 115: Xylene phosphonates 159 and 160a/b for recognition of amines and amino alcohols.
Figure 116: Bisphosphonate recognition motif 161 for a colorimetric assay with alizarin complexone (163) for ca...
Figure 117: Bisphosphonate/phosphate clip 164 and bisphosphonate cleft 165.
Figure 118: N-Methylpyrazine 166a, N-methylnicotinamide iodide (166b) and NAD+ (166c).
Figure 119: Bisphosphate cavitands.
Figure 120: Bisphosphonate 167 of Schrader and Finocchiaro.
Figure 121: Tweezer 168 for noradrenaline (80b).
Figure 122: Different tripods and heparin (170).
Figure 123: Squaramide based receptors 172.
Figure 124: Cage like NH4+ receptor 173 of Kim et al.
Figure 125: Ammonium receptors 174 of Chin et al.
Figure 126: 2-Oxazolin-based ammonium receptors 175a–d and 176 by Ahn et al.
Figure 127: Racemic guest molecules 177.
Figure 128: Tripods based on a imidazole containing macrocycle (178) and the guest molecules employed in the st...
Figure 129: Ammonium ion receptor 180.
Figure 130: Tetraoxa[3.3.3.3]paracyclophanes 181 and a cyclophanic tetraester (182).
Figure 131: Peptidic bridged paraquat-cyclophane.
Figure 132: Shape-selective noradrenaline host.
Figure 133: Receptor 185 for binding of noradrenaline on surface layers from Schrader et al.
Figure 134: Tetraphosphonate receptor for binding of noradrenaline.
Figure 135: Tetraphosphonate 187 of Schrader and Finocchiaro.
Figure 136: Zinc-Porphyrin ammonium-ion receptors 188 and 189 of Mizutani et al.
Figure 137: Zinc porphyrin receptor 190.
Figure 138: Zinc porphyrin receptors 191 capable of amino acid binding.
Figure 139: Zinc-porphyrins with amino acid side chains for stereoinduction.
Figure 140: Bis-zinc-bis-porphyrin based on Tröger’s base 193.
Figure 141: BINAP-zinc-prophyrin derivative 194 and it’s guests.
Figure 142: Bisaryl-linked-zinc-porphyrin receptors.
Figure 143: Bis-zinc-porphyrin 199 for diamine recognition and guests.
Figure 144: Bis-zinc-porphyrin crown ether 201.
Figure 145: Bis-zinc-porphyrin 202 for stereodiscrimination (L = large substituent; S = small substituent).
Figure 146: Bis-zinc-porphyrin[3]rotaxane and its copper complex and guests.
Figure 147: Dien-bipyridyl ligand 206 for co-ordination of two metal atoms.
Figure 148: The ligand and corresponding tetradentate co-complex 207 serving as enantioselective receptor for a...
Figure 149: Bis(oxazoline)–copper(II) complex 208 for the recognition of amino acids in aqueous solution.
Figure 150: Zinc-salen-complexes 209 for the recognition tertiary amines.
Figure 151: Bis(oxazoline)–copper(II) 211 for the recognition of amino acids in aqueous solution.
Figure 152: Zn(II)-complex of a C2 terpyridine crown ether.
Figure 153: Displacement assay and receptor for aspartate over glutamate.
Figure 154: Chiral complex 214 for a colorimetric displacement assay for amino acids.
Figure 155: Metal complex receptor 215 with tripeptide side arms.
Figure 156: A sandwich complex 216 and its displaceable dye 217.
Figure 157: Lanthanide complexes 218–220 for amino acid recognition.
Figure 158: Nonactin (221), valinomycin (222) and vancomycin (223).
Figure 159: Monesin (224a) and a chiral analogue for enantiodiscrimination of ammonium guests (224b).
Figure 160: Chiral podands (226) compared to pentaglyme-dimethylether (225) and 18-crown-6 (4).
Figure 161: Lasalocid A (228).
Figure 162: Lasalocid derivatives (230) of Sessler et al.
Figure 163: The Coporphyrin I tetraanion (231).
Figure 164: Linear and cyclic peptides for ammonium ion recognition.
Figure 165: Cyclic and bicyclic depsipeptides for ammonium ion recognition.
Figure 166: α-Cyclodextrin (136a) and novocaine (236).
Figure 167: Helical diol receptor 237 by Reetz and Sostmann.
Figure 168: Ammonium binding spherand by Cram et al. (238a) and the cyclic[6]metaphenylacetylene 238b in compar...
Figure 169: Receptor for peptide backbone and ammonium binding (239).
Figure 170: Anion sensor principle with 3-hydroxy-2-naphthanilide of Jiang et al.
Figure 171: 7-bromo-3-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)naphthalene 2-carboxamide (241) and its amine binding.
Figure 172: Naturally occurring catechins with affinity to quaternary ammonium ions.
Figure 173: Spiropyran (244) and merocyanine form (244a) of the amino acid receptors of Fuji et al.
Figure 174: Coumarin aldehyde (245) and its iminium species with amino acid bound (245a) by Glass et al.
Figure 175: Coumarin aldehyde appended with boronic acid.
Figure 176: Quinolone aldehyde dimers by Glass et al.
Figure 177: Chromogenic ammonium ion receptors with trifluoroacetophenone recognition motifs.
Figure 178: Chromogenic ammonium ion receptor with trifluoroacetophenone recognition motif bound on different m...
Size selective recognition of small esters by a negative allosteric hemicarcerand
- Holger Staats and
- Arne Lützen
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 10, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.10
- Holger Staats Arne Lutzen University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.6.10 Abstract A bis(resorcinarene) substituted 2,2′-bipyridine was found to bind weakly to small esters like ethyl acetate whereas more
- resorcinarene moieties in different directions so that they cannot act cooperatively in the binding of the substrate. Keywords: allosteric receptors; 2,2′-bipyridine; hemicarcerand; molecular recognition; resorcin[4]arene; Introduction Nature uses allosteric effects in a very elegant manner to control
- 2,2′-bipyridine. This structure has proved to be an excellent allosteric centre [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] due to its well defined ability to switch between syn- and an anti-conformations [27]. Recently, we were able to synthesize a number of
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Bis(resorcinarene) esters of 4,4′- and 4,6′-(2,2′-bipyridyl)dicarboxylic acid, 1 and 2, respectivel...
Scheme 2: Simple esters used as model substrates in this study.
Figure 1: Qualitative binding studies of 2 and the model substrates 3–7. 1H NMR spectra (500.1 MHz, 298 K in ...
Figure 2: 1H NMR titration (500.1 MHz, 298 K, c0(2) = 5.3 mmol/L) of 2 with increasing amounts of ethyl aceta...
Scheme 3: Binding model of the negative cooperative allosteric behaviour of 2.
Functional properties of metallomesogens modulated by molecular and supramolecular exotic arrangements
- Alessandra Crispini,
- Mauro Ghedini and
- Daniela Pucci
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 54, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.54
- -mesogenic 4,4′-disubstituted 2,2′-bipyridine ligands with Pt(II) salts confirmed the role of coordination chemistry in the metal-mediated formation of liquid crystals. Indeed the induction of a dipole moment upon coordination with an MX2 moiety, allowed most of the half-disc shaped complexes [LnPtX2
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Molecular structure of NIRPAC: a Pd(II) complex based on Nile red and a curcumin derivative.
Figure 2: Molecular structure of Pd(II) complexes based on functionalised 2-phenylquinolines and β-diketonate...
Figure 3: Some unusual palladiomesogens based on 3,5-disubstituted-2,2′-pyridylpyrroles and β-diketonates.
Figure 4: Molecular structure of Pt(II) complexes based on 4,4′-disubstituted 2,2′-bipyridines.
Figure 5: Molecular structure of Zn(II) complexes based on polycatenar 4,4′-disubstituted 2,2′-bipyridines.
Figure 6: Molecular structure of a gallium(III) mesogen.
