Beilstein J. Org. Chem.2016,12, 1000–1039, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.98
, enantioenriched 3-hydroxyoxindole scaffolds also exist in natural products and have proven to possess promising biological activities. A large number of catalytic asymmetric strategies toward the construction of 3-hydroxyoxindoles based on transition metal catalysis and organocatalysis have been reported in the
last decades. Additionally, 3-hydroxyoxindoles as versatile precursors have also been used in the total synthesis of natural products and for constructing structurally novel scaffolds. In this review, we aim to provide an overview about the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of biologically important 3
-substituted 3-hydroxyoxindoles and 3-hydroxyoxindole-based further transformations.
Keywords: 3-hydroxyoxindoles; oxindoles; organocatalysis; spirooxindoles; transition metal catalysis; Introduction
Chiral oxindoles are an important class of compounds, which widely exist in nature and have exhibited diverse
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Graphical Abstract
Figure 1:
3-Hydroxyoxindole-containing natural products and biologically active molecules.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem.2012,8, 1360–1365, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.157
biological activities [4]. Accordingly, the development of efficient synthetic methods to enable the synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles in great structural diversity is of current interest, and much progress had been made in the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of 3-hydroxyoxindoles [5][6][7][8][9
enantioenriched 3-hydroxyoxindoles [22][23][24]. For the synthesis of chiral 3-aminooxindoles, we developed the first example of catalytic asymmetric addition of nucleophiles to isatin-derived ketoimines using TMSCN [25] and the amination of unprotected 3-prochiral oxindoles using di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate