Natural products in the predatory defence of the filamentous fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus

• Jana M. Boysen,
• Nauman Saeed and
• Falk Hillmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1814–1827, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.124

• since it was shown to be an effective inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production by preventing the activation of TLR4 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and was thus proposed for potential use against atherosclerosis [67]. Furthermore fumigaclavine C has also proven effective against MCF-7

Impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signaling molecules on adhesion and inflammatory markers in endothelial cells

• Carmen Curutiu,
• Florin Iordache,
• Veronica Lazar,
• Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi,
• Aneta Pop,
• Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc and
• Alina Maria Hoban

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2580–2588, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.235

• significant effect on IL-10 secretion in mesenchymal stem cells [10]. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and phospholipase C (PLC) induces high levels of TNFα, IL-1β, IFNγ, MIP-1 and MIP-2 in lung cells, but they do not affect IL-18 levels [26]. In the tracheal epithelium LPS stimulates TLR2 and TLR4, while

Aminosugar-based immunomodulator lipid A: synthetic approaches

• Alla Zamyatina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 25–53, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.3

• endotoxin), a complex glycolipid constituting the outer leaflet of the bacterial outer membrane. Recognition of picomolar quantities of pathogenic LPS by the germ-line encoded Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) complex triggers the intracellular pro-inflammatory signaling cascade leading to the expression of

• cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins and reactive oxygen species which manifest an acute inflammatory response to infection. The “endotoxic principle” of LPS resides in its amphiphilic membrane-bound fragment glycophospholipid lipid A which directly binds to the TLR4·MD-2 receptor complex. The lipid A

• therapeutic significance of the TLR4-mediated modulation of the innate immune signaling and the central role of lipid A in the recognition of LPS by the innate immune system has led to a demand for well-defined materials for biological studies. Since effective synthetic chemistry is a prerequisite for the

Effects of RAMEA-complexed polyunsaturated fatty acids on the response of human dendritic cells to inflammatory signals

• Éva Rajnavölgyi,
• Renáta Laczik,
• Viktor Kun,
• Lajos Szente and
• Éva Fenyvesi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 3152–3160, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.332

• stimuli on day 5 of the moDC differentiation process. To compare the effects of ALA, EPA and DHA on moDC activities the cells were stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the specific ligand of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and by synthetic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) recognized by

• and Poly(I:C), being the specific ligands of TLR4 and TLR3 receptors, respectively resulted in enhanced expression of the CD83 cell surface protein showing successful moDC activation (Figure 5). However, the treatment of DC with n−3 PUFAs had no significant impact on CD83 expression independent on the

Triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Acanthophyllum gypsophiloides Regel

• Elena A. Khatuntseva,
• Vladimir M. Men’shov,
• Alexander S. Shashkov,
• Yury E. Tsvetkov,
• Rodion N. Stepanenko,
• Raymonda Ya. Vlasenko,
• Elvira E. Shults,
• Genrikh A. Tolstikov,
• Tatjana G. Tolstikova,
• Dimitri S. Baev,
• Vasiliy A. Kaledin,
• Nelli A. Popova,
• Valeriy P. Nikolin,
• Pavel P. Laktionov,
• Anna V. Cherepanova,
• Tatiana V. Kulakovskaya,
• Ekaterina V. Kulakovskaya and
• Nikolay E. Nifantiev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 763–775, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.87

• 1 and 2 on the vessel endothelium was assessed via determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). These cells were found to express various pattern-recognizing receptors (PRRs), including TLR4 [24], and can produce pro-inflammatory