Binding abilities of polyaminocyclodextrins: polarimetric investigations and biological assays

• Marco Russo,
• Daniele La Corte,
• Annalisa Pisciotta,
• Serena Riela,
• Rosa Alduina and
• Paolo Lo Meo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2751–2763, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.271

• their interaction with sodium alginate (Alg). This is an easily available and stable block copolymer, constituted by β-D-mannuronate and β-L-guluronate units linked by 1→4 glycosidic bridges. Therefore, it seemed an ideal candidate as model polyanion, in order to study the stoichiometric and

Block copolymers from ionic liquids for the preparation of thin carbonaceous shells

• Sadaf Hanif,
• Bernd Oschmann,
• Dmitri Spetter,
• Muhammad Nawaz Tahir,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Rudolf Zentel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1693–1701, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.163

• monomer by RAFT polymerization. This allows the control over the molecular weight of ionic liquid blocks in the range of 8000 and 22000 and of the block-copolymer synthesis. In this work we focus on block copolymers with an anchor block. They can be used to control the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles

• , which are functionalized thereafter with a block of ionic-liquid polymer. Pyrolysis of these polymer functionalized inorganic nanoparticles leads to TiO2 nanoparticles coated with a thin carbonaceous shell. Such materials may, e.g., be interesting as battery materials. Keywords: block copolymer; carbon

• anchor group could bind to inorganic nanoparticle surfaces, where a second polymer block could be converted into a conductive carbon shell, improving the properties of nanoparticles like TiO2 or ZnO with respect to the reversible storage of lithium or sodium ions [22][23][24][25]. Using a block copolymer

2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD) boosts as detergent-substitute the performance of ß-barrel hybrid catalyst for phenylacetylene polymerization

• Julia Kinzel,
• Daniel F. Sauer,
• Marco Bocola,
• Marcus Arlt,
• Tayebeh Mirzaei Garakani,
• Andreas Thiel,
• Klaus Beckerle,
• Tino Polen,
• Jun Okuda and
• Ulrich Schwaneberg

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1498–1506, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.148

• been reported by protecting its hydrophobic transmembrane region in the presence of a detergent such as octylpolyoxyethylene (oPOE) or block copolymer such as PE–PEG [19][28][31][41][42][43][44]. Although PE–PEG improves protein solubility, polymerization reactions utilizing FhuA ΔCVFtev as protein

• host in the presence of this copolymer go along with losses in yield due to its micelle-forming property, leading to the need for other types of detergents. Therefore, using a small amphiphilic molecule as an alternative to polymeric detergents is desirable in order to overcome this limitation (Table 1

• block copolymer PE–PEG and amphiphilic MPD are used, respectively. Refolding is achieved by dialysis of the protein in a solution containing the particular refolding agents. The structural integrity of FhuA ΔCVFtev was confirmed with CD spectroscopy (Figure 3). When either PE–PEG or MPD is applied, the

One-pot synthesis of block-copolyrotaxanes through controlled rotaxa-polymerization

• Jessica Hilschmann,
• Gerhard Wenz and
• Gergely Kali

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1310–1315, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.127

• further effects the CD content and the aqueous solubility of the polyrotaxane. Keywords: block copolymer; cyclodextrin; polyisoprene; polyrotaxane; RAFT polymerization; Introduction Polymer necklaces, i.e., polyrotaxanes and pseudopolyrotaxanes, are supramolecular assemblies comprising polymeric axes

• ]. There are several CD-based polyrotaxanes known with homo- and block-copolymer axes, mostly based on poly(ethylene oxide), poly(propylene oxide) or their copolymers [15][16][17][18][19][20][21], since these polymers can form sufficiently stable complexes with CDs. The application potential of these

• –2.3 and 5.0 ppm and of polyHEMA at 0.7–2.1 and 3.3–4.0 ppm. The noticeable peak broadening again is indicative of the formation of ABA triblock-copolyrotaxane. The DOSY measurements were carried out for the block-copolymer polyrotaxanes in DMSO. The same diffusion coefficients were detected for all

Kinetic analysis of mechanoradical formation during the mechanolysis of dextran and glycogen

• Naoki Doi,
• Yasushi Sasai,
• Yukinori Yamauchi,
• Tetsuo Adachi,
• Masayuki Kuzuya and
• Shin-ichi Kondo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1174–1183, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.116

• initiate the polymerization is frequently used to synthesize such a graft polymer [7]. Dextran (Dx), a biodegradable polysaccharide, has been utilized as a graft copolymer backbone. The glycosidic linkages between the α-glucose units of Dx synthesized from Leuconostoc mesenteroides are composed of

• copolymers possessing synthetic polymers as branches. Sakaguchi et al. reported a diblock copolymer formation through the mechanochemical reaction of bacterial cellulose and methyl methacrylate in vacuum at 77 K [17]. Solala et al. studied the mechanochemical reaction of cotton in the presence of styrene and

Formose reaction controlled by boronic acid compounds

• Toru Imai,
• Tomohiro Michitaka and
• Akihito Hashidzume

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2668–2672, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.263

• macromolecular boronic acid compounds, i.e., sodium phenylboronate (SPB) and a copolymer of sodium 4-vinylphenylboronate with sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (pVPB/NaSS), respectively. The boronic acid compounds provided different selectivities; sugars of a small carbon number were formed favorably in the presence of

• SPB, whereas sugar alcohols of a larger carbon number were formed preferably in the presence of pVPB/NaSS. Keywords: boronic acid compounds; formose reaction; sodium phenylboronate; sodium 4-vinylphenylboronate/sodium 4-styrenesulfonate copolymer; sugar alcohols; sugars; Findings When an aqueous

• out formose reactions in the presence of low molecular weight and macromolecular boronic acid compounds. Sodium phenylboronate (SPB) and a copolymer of sodium 4-vinylphenylboronate with sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (pVPB/NaSS) were used as a low molecular weight boronic acid compound and a boronic acid

Methylenelactide: vinyl polymerization and spatial reactivity effects

• Judita Britner and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2378–2389, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.232

• ][22]. The copolymerization parameters obtained from MLA and MMA were r1 = 1.1 (MLA) and r2 = 1.2 (MMA) which indicate an almost statistical process, with a slight tendency to homoadditon. Figure 7 illustrates the obtained copolymer composition curves for the systems of MLA with styrene and MMA

• was converted quite rapidly in comparison to DMA. Therefore, the copolymerization trend seems to follow a gradient copolymer. This copolymerization process can be also identified in Figure 10B in which the highest value of the dispersity (Đ = 1.35) corresponds to a quantitative conversion of MLA but

• to approximately 20% of the total revenue. After this point, the dispersity reduces until 1.23, corresponding to a dominant DMA part. An evidence for the gradient copolymerization can be found in the 1H NMR spectrum by two separate lactide CH signals for the part of MLA and the copolymer part with

Comparing blends and blocks: Synthesis of partially fluorinated diblock polythiophene copolymers to investigate the thermal stability of optical and morphological properties

• Pierre Boufflet,
• Sebastian Wood,
• Jessica Wade,
• Zhuping Fei,
• Ji-Seon Kim and
• Martin Heeney

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2150–2163, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.205

• (KCTP) conditions. We compare the behavior of the block copolymer to that of the corresponding homopolymer blends. In both types of system, we find the fluorinated segments tend to dominate the UV–visible absorption and molecular vibrational spectral features, as well as the thermal behavior. In the

• block copolymer case, non-fluorinated segments appear to slightly frustrate the aggregation of the more fluorinated block. However, in situ temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy shows that the intramolecular order is more thermally stable in the block copolymer than in the corresponding blend

• , suggesting that such materials may be interesting for enhanced thermal stability of organic photovoltaic active layers based on similar systems. Keywords: conjugated block-copolymer synthesis; fluorination; microphase stabilization; polythiophene; temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy; Introduction With

Stimuli-responsive HBPS-g-PDMAEMA and its application as nanocarrier in loading hydrophobic molecules

• Yongsheng Chen,
• Li Wang,
• Haojie Yu,
• Zain-Ul-Abdin,
• Ruoli Sun,
• Guanghui Jing,
• Rongbai Tong and
• Zheng Deng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.92

• nanocarriers for loading guest molecules is dynamic. It has been widely studied in applications including drug controlled release, smart sensing, catalysis, and modeling. In this paper, a graft copolymer (hyperbranched polystyrene)-g-poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (HBPS-g-PDMAEMA) was synthesized

• ]. Produced HBPS is tethered with lot of peripheral chlorine atoms available for further modification or functional chain extension. Here, we prepared a hyperbranched graft copolymer HBPS-g-PDMAEMA. HBPS segments behaved as hyperbranched topology support and also as hydrophobic segment to give HBPS-g-PDMAEMA

• obtained HBPS was used as macro initiator to polymerize DMAEMA through ATRP. The comparison of GPC curves in Figure 1C showed that the curve of the graft copolymer was shifted to less elution time. The GPC results show Mn of HBPS to be 4.4 kg/mol with a molecular weight distribution of 1.85 and Mn of HBPS

Amino-functionalized (meth)acryl polymers by use of a solvent-polarity sensitive protecting group (Br-t-BOC)

• Helmut Ritter,
• Monir Tabatabai and
• Markus Herrmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 245–252, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.26

• deprotection for 3a,b, 6a,b and 7a,b are summarized in Table 1. As assumed above the molecular dispersed monomer shows the highest reactivity followed by the copolymer. The solvolysis of the protecting group in the homopolymer is relatively slow because of neighboring group formed retarding hydrogen bonds

• Scharmbeck SFD (Model S5200) sampler. A Waters 486 Turnable Absorbance Detector and a Scharmbeck SFD RI 2000 detector were used for detection. A set of columns packed with porous styrene–divinylbenzene-copolymer beads was used for separation of the analytes (MZ Analysentechnik GmbH, 1 × guard column 100 Å, 3

• in different solvents. Synthesized derivative monomers 3c,d. a) Self deactivation of homopolymer 6a,b due to competing hydrogen interactions in comparison to b) copolymer 7a,b. Half-times (t0.5) and t0.3 of deprotection for 3a,b, 6a,b and 7a,b.

Supramolecular polymer assembly in aqueous solution arising from cyclodextrin host–guest complexation

• Jie Wang,
• Zhiqiang Qiu,
• Yiming Wang,
• Li Li,
• Xuhong Guo,
• Duc-Truc Pham,
• Stephen F. Lincoln and
• Robert K. Prud’homme

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 50–72, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.7

• hydrogel formed through the initial formation of micelles of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(acrylate), PEG-b-PAA, copolymer and the widely used anticancer drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), cisplatin [91], and subsequent host–guest complexation by α-CD has been developed by Zhu et al. (Figure 12) [92

• -poly(ethylamine) strands substituted onto the dextran backbone of a poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ethylamine)-g-dextran copolymer, PEG-PEI-dex, is considered to form the network underlying the supramolecular hydrogel formed in aqueous solution at pH 10 as shown in Figure 16a [96]. (The PEG-PEI-dex

• , these clusters grow into stable crystal-like structures such that the hydrogel functions similarly to a block copolymer with hard segments composed of micro-crystalline methylated α-CD and softer segments composed of polyethylene glycol in the hydrogel. The preparations of the copolymers of either N,N

Polydisperse methyl β-cyclodextrin–epichlorohydrin polymers: variable contact time ¹³C CP-MAS solid-state NMR characterization

• Isabelle Mallard,
• Davy Baudelet,
• Franca Castiglione,
• Monica Ferro,
• Walter Panzeri,
• Enzio Ragg and
• Andrea Mele

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2785–2794, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.299

• paper, we described the synthesis of imprinted polymers. The imprinting technique is based on interactions between a template and a suitable functional monomer during the prepolymerization process. Once the template is removed, the resulting product is a cross-linked copolymer matrix with specific

Recent advances in metathesis-derived polymers containing transition metals in the side chain

• Ileana Dragutan,
• Valerian Dragutan,
• Bogdan C. Simionescu,
• Albert Demonceau and
• Helmut Fischer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2747–2762, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.296

• important for the polymer properties. They found that polymer 6 was soluble in water and various organic solvents when the counteranion was chloride. Subsequently, these authors copolymerized 6 with norbornene-2-carboxylic acid, using Grubbs 3rd generation catalyst, to prepare diblock copolymer 7, in which

• systems with this type of polyelectrolytes. An interesting cobalt-containing diblock copolymer, bearing a dicobalt hexacarbonyl complex coordinated to an alkyne, with a constant block ratio was proposed as a new magnetic material by Tew et al. [53]. Their procedure involved the synthesis of a first block

• polymer, 12, by ROMP of monomer 11 using Grubbs 3rd generation catalyst. The second block polymer was created by the addition of the cobalt-containing monomer to the reaction mixture containing 12 to continue the ROMP. Diblock copolymer 13, with a defined block ratio, could be obtained by the variation of

Synthesis and photophysical characteristics of polyfluorene polyrotaxanes

• Aurica Farcas,
• Giulia Tregnago,
• Ana-Maria Resmerita,
• Pierre-Henri Aubert and
• Franco Cacialli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2677–2688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.288

• polyrotaxane compounds exhibit a granular morphology with lower dispersity and smaller roughness exponent of the film surfaces in comparison with those of the neat copolymer 3. Keywords: energy band gaps; fluorescence lifetimes; permethylated cyclodextrins; polyfluorene; polyrotaxanes; Introduction Over the

• γCD [43][44][45], or TMS-γCD [46]. Therefore, 3·TM-βCD and 3·TM-γCD polyrotaxanes were synthesized by Suzuki coupling of 1 being in the form of its IC (1·TM-βCD or 1·TM-γCD) with 2 followed by the termination of the growing chains by bromobenzene, Scheme 1. To have the reference the neat copolymer 3

• -βCD rotaxane copolymer are also upfield shifted by 0.05 ppm as compared to those of the non-rotaxane homologue, while all protons of the TM-βCD macrocycle are shifted by more than 0.07 ppm. Comparing the integrals of d' protons from monomer 1 to those corresponding to H1 protons of TM-βCD, the average

Self-assemblies of γ-CDs with pentablock copolymers PMA-PPO-PEO-PPO-PMA and endcapping via atom transfer radical polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine

• Jing Lin,
• Tao Kong,
• Lin Ye,
• Ai-ying Zhang and
• Zeng-guo Feng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2267–2277, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.247

• pentablock copolymer chain to generate single-chain-stranded loose-fit PPRs and showed no characteristic channel-like crystal structure. All the self-assembly processes of the pentablock copolymers resulted in the formation of hydrogels. After endcapping via in situ ATRP of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl

• -chain-stranded; pentablock copolymer; poly(pseudorotaxane); polyrotaxane; single-chain-stranded; Introduction Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a series of macrocyclic molecules composed of 6, 7, or 8 (α-, β-, and γ-CD, respectively) glucopyranose units. Their hydrophilic surface and hydrophobic inner cavity

• double-chain-stranded tight-fit PPRs [17]. In the WXRD patterns of all the PPRs, the disappearance of two prominent peaks at 19.2° and 23.3° of the central PEO segment in the pentablock copolymer PEP100M verified their self-assembly with γ-CDs. Surprisingly, these PPRs presented varying diffraction

Hexacoordinate Ru-based olefin metathesis catalysts with pH-responsive N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and N-donor ligands for ROMP reactions in non-aqueous, aqueous and emulsion conditions

• Shawna L. Balof,
• K. Owen Nix,
• Matthew S. Olliff,
• Sarah E. Roessler,
• Arpita Saha,
• Kevin B. Müller,
• Ulrich Behrens,
• Edward J. Valente and
• Hans-Jörg Schanz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1960–1972, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.212

• 12 for the ROMP of DCPD and a DCPD/COE mixture (49:51 mol/mol) in microemulsion to give polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) or a statistical copolymer of DCPD and COE (Scheme 3). A 0.1 M HClaq catalyst solution was added to an emulsion of the monomer containing n-hexadecane (5% by mass) to improve the

Cross-metathesis of polynorbornene with polyoctenamer: a kinetic study

• Yulia I. Denisova,
• Maria L. Gringolts,
• Alexander S. Peregudov,
• Liya B. Krentsel,
• Ekaterina A. Litmanovich,
• Arkadiy D. Litmanovich,
• Eugene Sh. Finkelshtein and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1796–1808, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.195

• achieve a random copolymer of norbornene and cyclooctene. Its rate is limited by the interaction of polyoctenamer-bound carbenes with polynorbornene units, which is hampered, presumably due to steric reasons. Polynorbornene-bound carbenes are detected in very low concentrations throughout the whole

• cis-cyclooctene because of their substantially different monomer reactivities. Keywords: cross-metathesis; 1st generation Grubbs’ catalyst; interchange reactions; kinetics; multiblock copolymer; Introduction A desired sequence of monomer units in a polymer chain can be achieved not only in the

• at the cross-metathesis stage [14]. In our previous communication [15] we reported the obtaining of a copolymer of norbornene (NB) and cis-cyclooctene (COE) by the cross-metathesis of polynorbornene (poly(1,3-cyclopentylenevinylene), PNB) with polyoctenamer (poly(1-octenylene), PCOE). It is

Polythiophene and oligothiophene systems modified by TTF electroactive units for organic electronics

• Alexander L. Kanibolotsky,
• Neil J. Findlay and
• Peter J. Skabara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1749–1766, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.191

• electropolymerised monomer 5c (2 × 10−2 M) in the presence of a double excess of a non-modified bithiophene monomer 7 [49], the contribution from the PT backbone oxidation in the CV of the final copolymer was clear. However, it was unresolved from the wave of TTF2+ formation during the anodic run (Figure 1). An

Chiroptical properties of 1,3-diphenylallene-anchored tetrathiafulvalene and its polymer synthesis

• Masashi Hasegawa,
• Junta Endo,
• Seiya Iwata,
• Toshiaki Shimasaki and
• Yasuhiro Mazaki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 972–979, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.109

• . Furthermore, the first synthesis of a chiral copolymer containing TTFs based on a chiral allenic framework (poly-3: PTDPA is also demonstrated. Results and Discussion To anchor the TTF groups into the allene framework, we chose a cross-coupling reaction of unknown 1,3-bis(4-iodophenyl)-1,3-diisopropylallene

• insertion of the phenylene units effectively prevents racemization. To examine the potential of the 1,3-diphenylallene frameworks as a stable chiral resource, a chiral alternate copolymer consisting of TTF and chiral diphenylallene (PTDPA) was prepared, and its chiroptical properties were investigated

• . Previously, a racemic conjugated polymer in the literature was prepared by a Suzuki–Miyaura or Yamamoto coupling reaction from (rac)-8 [17]. In contrast, to the best of our knowledge, there is no example of a chiral polymer based on the 1,3-diphenylallene frameworks that can be a unit of copolymer with

Peptide–polymer ligands for a tandem WW-domain, an adaptive multivalent protein–protein interaction: lessons on the thermodynamic fitness of flexible ligands

• Katharina Koschek,
• Vedat Durmaz,
• Oxana Krylova,
• Marek Wieczorek,
• Shilpi Gupta,
• Martin Richter,
• Alexander Bujotzek,
• Christina Fischer,
• Rainer Haag,
• Christian Freund,
• Marcus Weber and
• Jörg Rademann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 837–847, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.93

• building block N-methacryloyl-β-alaninyl-S-benzyl thioester under reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) conditions yielding a thioester-containing copolymer with 13.3 kDa and polydispersity of 1.2, which we denominated as NCL-polymer [10]. NCL-polymer was converted into multivalent

Regulation of integrin and growth factor signaling in biomaterials for osteodifferentiation

• Qiang Wei,
• Theresa L. M. Pohl,
• Anja Seckinger,
• Joachim P. Spatz and
• Elisabetta A. Cavalcanti-Adam

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 773–783, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.87

• similar size compared to individual cell receptors, thus it is possible to target receptor-driven pathways and modulate cell responses [7]. Here, the cyclic RGDfK peptides are precisely immobilized on substrates via hexagonally close-packed gold nanodot arrays prepared by block-copolymer micelle

Functionalized branched EDOT-terthiophene copolymer films by electropolymerization and post-polymerization “click”-reactions

• Miriam Goll,
• Adrian Ruff,
• Erna Muks,
• Felix Goerigk,
• Beatrice Omiecienski,
• Ines Ruff,
• Rafael C. González-Cano,
• Juan T. Lopez Navarrete,
• M. Carmen Ruiz Delgado and
• Sabine Ludwigs

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 335–347, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.39

• ″-terthiophene (3T) is presented as a versatile route to functional polymer films. Comparisons to blend systems of the respective homopolymers PEDOT and P3T by in situ spectroelectrochemistry and Raman spectroscopy prove the successful copolymer formation and the access to tailored redox properties and energy

• levels. The use of EDOT-N3 as co-monomer furthermore allows modifications of the films by polymer analogous reactions. Here, we exemplarily describe the post-functionalization with ionic moieties by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (“click”-chemistry) which allows to tune the surface polarity of the copolymer

• the latter case the water contact angles could be gradually varied. We here present the electrocopolymerization of EDOT-N3 with the branched terthiophene 2,2’:3’,2’’-terthiophene and the post-polymerization into an ionically modified copolymer. Only recently, we reported on the copolymerization of 3T

Properties of cationic monosubstituted tetraalkylammonium cyclodextrin derivatives – their stability, complexation ability in solution or when deposited on solid anionic surface

• Martin Popr,
• Sergey K. Filippov,
• Nikolai Matushkin,
• Juraj Dian and
• Jindřich Jindřich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 192–199, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.20

• surface of a model anionic polymeric Nafion® 117 membrane via simple ionic interactions (Scheme 3). Nafion® is a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene fluoropolymer-copolymer, especially favorable for our purpose because of its defined structure, with a known number of –SO3H groups (equivalent weight – EW = 1100

Release of β-galactosidase from poloxamine/α-cyclodextrin hydrogels

• César A. Estévez,
• José Ramón Isasi,
• Eneko Larrañeta and
• Itziar Vélaz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 3127–3135, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.330

• diblock PEO–PPO copolymer chains attached to a central ethylenediamine group [8]. Their sensitivity to pH due to the central group offers interesting features as compared with the micelles of non-ionic block copolymers (such as Pluronics). Namely, with respect to the development of pharmaceutical

• polyethylene oxide–polypropylene oxide (PEO–PPO) copolymer blocks of Tetronic 90R4 and α-CD resulted in a white viscous fluid. The rate of formation depends on the concentration of the 90R4 copolymer, α-CD and water. The relatively slow kinetics can be attributed to the arrangement of the blocks in the

• copolymer. α-CD must surpass the outer PPO blocks to reach the PEO blocks and form stable structures known as (pseudo)polyrotaxanes. PEO chains and oligoethylenes of different molecular weights form inclusion complexes with α-CD. On the other hand, the wider PPO chains yield inclusion complexes with β and γ

Synthetic strategies for the fluorescent labeling of epichlorohydrin-branched cyclodextrin polymers

• Milo Malanga,
• Mihály Bálint,
• István Puskás,
• Kata Tuza,
• Tamás Sohajda,
• László Jicsinszky,
• Lajos Szente and
• Éva Fenyvesi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 3007–3018, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.319

• polymer leads to compounds with enhanced spectroscopic properties, but it has been rarely described. Zohrehvand and Evans reported the synthesis, characterization and fluorescence studies of a water-soluble 2-naphthol-containing β-CD-epichlorohydrin copolymer [16], but in this case the fluorophore is

• modified β-CD was then copolymerized with epichlorohydrin in a ratio that resulted in the formation of a water-soluble copolymer. The azo dye modified β-CD epichlorohydrin copolymer was used as a molecular fluorescent sensor for the detection of chloroform, one of the chlorination byproducts in water. Here