Flow through reactors for organic chemistry: directly electrically heated tubular mini reactors as an enabling technology for organic synthesis

• Ulrich Kunz and
• Thomas Turek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 70, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.70

• rates comparable to microwave ovens can be reached but at much lower cost for the equipment. A tool for the comparison of microwave heating and traditional heating is provided. As an example kinetic data for the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl formate were measured using this heating concept. The

• ]. In many cases shorter reaction times have been reported compared to the traditional heating methods. The question of a specific microwave effect is under current discussion, but for many chemical reactions it is evident that microwave heating is just another way transferring heat into the reaction

Gold film- catalysed benzannulation by Microwave- Assisted, Continuous Flow Organic Synthesis (MACOS)

• Gjergji Shore,
• Michael Tsimerman and
• Michael G. Organ

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 35, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.35

• to reaction conditions for process optimization that can be automated readily. To gain the full advantage of working in flow, reactions should proceed very rapidly and ideally reach completion during the time in which the reactants reside in the flow tube. Microwave heating has been used to drive a

Polyionic polymers – heterogeneous media for metal nanoparticles as catalyst in Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck–Mizoroki reactions under flow conditions

• Klaas Mennecke and
• Andreas Kirschning

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 21, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.21

• highly depend on the monomer composition of the polyionic support [4-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC), divinylbenzene (DVB), styrene]. Depending on the particle diameter a large impact on their catalytic performance (batch vs. flow; conventional vs. microwave heating) was noted [24]. In this context these

The first organocatalytic carbonyl- ene reaction: isomerisation- free C-C bond formations catalysed by H-bonding thio- ureas

• Matthew L. Clarke,
• Charlotte E. S. Jones and
• Marcia B. France

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3, No. 24, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-3-24

• our knowledge, the first example of an organocatalytic carbonyl ene reaction. [17] Findings We first carried out a thermal ene reaction of α-methyl styrene 1 with ethyl trifluoropyruvate under microwave heating to produce racemic product 3 (Scheme 1). This reaction was accompanied by several side

A convenient catalyst system for microwave accelerated cross- coupling of a range of aryl boronic acids with aryl chlorides

• Matthew L. Clarke,
• Marcia B. France,
• Jose A. Fuentes,
• Edward J. Milton and
• Geoffrey J. Roff

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3, No. 18, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-3-18

• a range of aryl boronic acids under microwave heating conditions. In this paper we report these results, including our observations on why heavily fluorinated boronic acids are such poor nucleophiles in this chemistry. Findings In our original studies under conventional conditions, it was found that

• strategies are required. In summary, a readily prepared, air stable Pd pre-catalyst derived from the amine-phosphine ligand, dcpmp has been found to promote Suzuki coupling between activated aryl chlorides and a range of boronic acids under microwave heating conditions. High yields of the desired biaryls can