Beilstein J. Org. Chem.2024,20, 379–426, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.36
[96].
NanocatalysisNanocatalysis has emerged over the last decades as a sustainable and green field of organic catalysis that offers unparalleled opportunities for chemical transformations that were previously deemed unfeasible. The use of nanoparticles, compounds with a cross section of less than
with one another. With the new avenues offered by the advent of nanocatalysis, it did not take long for its application in the Friedel–Crafts arylation of indoles with aldehydes, since the development of more resource-efficient catalytic pathways for the synthesis of BIMs had received great interest
from the scientific world [97][98].
In 2008, the first application of nanocatalysis for the synthesis of BIMs was introduced by Shailaja and her research group, utilizing a ceria/vinylpyridine nanocomposite as the catalyst [99]. After repeated studies and experiments on the reaction between indole (11
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Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1:
Examples of BIMs used for their medicinal properties.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem.2020,16, 140–148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.16
on the surface are responsible for the high catalytic efficiency of the Ru nanocatalyst.
Keywords: alkenylation; C–H activation; heterogeneous catalysis; nanocatalysis; ruthenium catalysis; Introduction
The synthesis of functionalised indole ring systems has received significant attention over the
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Graphical Abstract
Figure 1:
Biologically and medicinally important 3-alkenylindoles.