Atherton–Todd reaction: mechanism, scope and applications

• Stéphanie S. Le Corre,
• Mathieu Berchel,
• Hélène Couthon-Gourvès,
• Jean-Pierre Haelters and
• Paul-Alain Jaffrès

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1166–1196, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.117

• secondary phosphine oxides) and a nucleophilic species (amines or alcohols) under AT reaction conditions. The reaction proceeded with a full stereoinversion at the phosphorus atom and led to the isolation of optically pure P–N coupling products with nearly quantitative yields (94%). The chemical structure

Preparation of phosphines through C–P bond formation

• Iris Wauters,
• Wouter Debrouwer and
• Christian V. Stevens

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1064–1096, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.106

• [19]. This review will provide a general overview on phosphine synthesis over the last 10 to 15 years. Only reactions establishing a C–P bond will be discussed. The synthesis of phosphine-based polymers was not included [20]. Reactions involving pentavalent phosphorus derivatives (phosphine oxides

• oxidation, the perfluoroalkyl-substituted phosphine oxides 32 were obtained in low to moderate yields (15–51%) although full conversion was observed. The byproduct formed was reduced perfluoroalkane HCnF2n+1. Ethyl diazoacetate (33) was reacted with the secondary phosphine borane 13a in the presence of a

• -poor diarylphosphines 25c. The chiral phosphine oxides 54 were obtained in high yield with excellent stereoselectivities. In the proposed mechanism the catalyst 55 acts as a base toward the diarylphosphine 25c. Some other examples of palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrophosphination are the addition of

Concise, stereodivergent and highly stereoselective synthesis of cis- and trans-2-substituted 3-hydroxypiperidines – development of a phosphite-driven cyclodehydration

• Peter H. Huy,
• Julia C. Westphal and
• Ari M. P. Koskinen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 369–383, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.35

• to provide sufficient substance amounts for clinical tests [41][42]. Additionally, alternatives in reactions driven by the formation of phosphine oxides from phosphines (e.g. the Appel and Mitsunobu reaction) are highly desired to improve atom economy (reduced waste amounts) and to circumvent

Organocatalyzed enantioselective desymmetrization of aziridines and epoxides

• Ping-An Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1677–1695, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.192

• enantioselectivities. In the presence of some achiral phase-transfer catalysts or phosphines such as TBAB and P(t-Bu)3, the vicinal chlorohydrins were obtained in high yields. Up to now, three classes of organocatalysts including chiral phosphoramides, chiral phosphine oxides, and chiral pyridine N-oxides were used in

• and the reaction time is up to 90 days! Chiral phosphoramides and phosphine oxides The first efficient organocatalyzed enantioselective desymmetrization of meso-epoxides was realized by Denmark [82] and colleagues in 1998 (Figure 13). In their initial experiments, various epoxides were attacked with

• /silicon cation through the oxygen atom of P=O and the coordination with the silicon atom of the nucleophiles. It can be deduced that the chiral phosphine oxides can also play a role for the activation of SiCl4 and serve as catalysts for the desymmetrization of meso-epoxides. The first example of a chiral

Metal–ligand multiple bonds as frustrated Lewis pairs for C–H functionalization

• Matthew T. Whited

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1554–1563, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.177

• observed [77]. As described above, FLPs of the Mδ−═Eδ+ variety can be very useful for inducing atom or group transfer from heterocumulenes or other polar multiple bonds such as those in phosphine oxides. Compared with early-metal Mδ−═Eδ+ FLPs, these sorts of complexes have the advantage of greater redox