Substrate specificity of a ketosynthase domain involved in bacillaene biosynthesis

• Zhiyong Yin and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 734–740, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.67

• organism shares the same habitat with the predator Myxococcus xanthus that feeds on other bacteria including B. subtilis, and bacillaene is the primary factor conferring B. subtilis cells resistance to predation by M. xanthus [8]. The identification of its biosynthetic gene cluster (bae) revealed that the

Tenacibactins K–M, cytotoxic siderophores from a coral-associated gliding bacterium of the genus Tenacibaculum

• Yasuhiro Igarashi,
• Yiwei Ge,
• Tao Zhou,
• Amit Raj Sharma,
• Enjuro Harunari,
• Naoya Oku and
• Agus Trianto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 110–119, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.12

• are applicable to pharmaceutical purposes. Especially, marine invertebrate-associated microbes are emerging as one of the hotspots for these molecules [1]. Marine invertebrates, including corals, have a sessile habit and thus are vulnerable to environmental stresses including predation and competition

Natural products in the predatory defence of the filamentous fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus

• Jana M. Boysen,
• Nauman Saeed and
• Falk Hillmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1814–1827, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.124

• microbial competitors, symbionts or predators. Here we exemplarily summarize our current knowledge on identified secondary metabolites of the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus and their defensive function against (microbial) predators. Keywords: amoeba predation; Aspergillus fumigatus; fungal ecology

• melanogaster and might thus prevent feeding competition [19][20][21] (Figure 2). But not only mycotoxins protect from predation: A. flavus sclerotia are protected from sap beetles by asparasone and Neurospora crassa’s neurosporin A prevents springtail grazing [22][23]. Grazing by Folsomia candida springtails

• predictions or artificial oxidative polymerization studies of 1,8-DHN monomers [144][153]. Next to offering the conidia protection from UV radiation, DHN-melanin was shown to be a key factor to survival during both predation and virulence. When preyed upon by fungivorous amoeba like P. aurantium melanised

Secondary metabolites of Bacillus subtilis impact the assembly of soil-derived semisynthetic bacterial communities

• Heiko T. Kiesewalter,
• Carlos N. Lozano-Andrade,
• Mikael L. Strube and
• Ákos T. Kovács

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2983–2998, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.248

• primarily against various filamentous fungi [47][48][49][50][51]. The broad-spectrum antibiotic bacillaene, synthesised by the pksB-S gene cluster, is mainly targeting bacterial protein synthesis [52]. Still, it was also shown that it could protect cells and spores from predation [53]. We recently

Antibacterial scalarane from Doriprismatica stellata nudibranchs (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia), egg ribbons, and their dietary sponge Spongia cf. agaricina (Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)

• Cora Hertzer,
• Stefan Kehraus,
• Nils Böhringer,
• Fontje Kaligis,
• Robert Bara,
• Dirk Erpenbeck,
• Gert Wörheide,
• Till F. Schäberle,
• Heike Wägele and
• Gabriele M. König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1596–1605, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.132

• by associated microbial symbionts [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Their production is assumed to be useful against numerous environmental stress factors, such as predation, pathogens, overgrowth by fouling organisms, or competition for space [4][10][15][17]. Though defensive metabolites are

• reproductive cycle or as protection of the eggs against predation or fouling. Chemotaxonomic approaches have shown that chromodorid nudibranchs of the genera Chromodoris, Doriprismatica, Felimare, Felimida, Glossodoris/Casella, and Goniobranchus sequester and reuse spongian-type furanoterpenoids, diterpenoids

• accumulate 12-deacetoxy-4-demethyl-11,24-diacetoxy-3,4-methylenedeoxoscalarin from Spongia cf. agaricina, but to pass it on to the egg ribbons as well. This, in addition to its bioactivity, might suggest a biological role, either as protection against predation, fouling, or in the reproductive cycle, as

From chemical metabolism to life: the origin of the genetic coding process

• Antoine Danchin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1119–1135, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.111

• construction of cells, as well as transport across membranes, movement for exploration (including predation), protection against accidents and management of competition, but also repair, sensing and regulation. Almost all of these actions are operated by proteins in extant living organisms. A major question

Secondary metabolome and its defensive role in the aeolidoidean Phyllodesmium longicirrum, (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia)

• Alexander Bogdanov,
• Cora Hertzer,
• Stefan Kehraus,
• Samuel Nietzer,
• Sven Rohde,
• Peter J. Schupp,
• Heike Wägele and
• Gabriele M. König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 502–519, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.50

• . Whether a cryptic speciation also occurs in P. longicirrum by specializing on certain chemotypes within Sarcophyton clades remains to be clarified. 3. Defensive role of P. longicirrum metabolites The coral reef is a harsh environment with a high predation pressure, especially for slow moving and soft

• marine environment [59]. Here, the only assayed steroidal compound was 2, but found to be inactive at 2% of dry mass. The ecological significance or role of this compound class in P. longicirrum remains unexplored. Fish may represent the main, however not the only potential predation threat to slugs. The

• omnivorous Echinodermata, Crustacea and Cephalopoda could also consider Phyllodesmium as possible prey. Whether the compounds, proven defensive against fish predation in this study function as deterrents towards other organisms, has yet to be shown. Even if the furanocembranoids represent the protection

A non-canonical peptide synthetase adenylates 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid for auriculamide biosynthesis

• Daniel Braga,
• Dirk Hoffmeister and
• Markus Nett

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2766–2770, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.274

• ; nonribosomal peptide synthetase; Findings Herpetosiphon aurantiacus is a filamentous, Gram-negative bacterium with a facultative saprophytic predatory behaviour [1][2]. For a more profound insight into the predation strategies among bacteria, along with the underlying chemistry, the complete genome of H

Antibiotics from predatory bacteria

• Juliane Korp,
• María S. Vela Gurovic and
• Markus Nett

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 594–607, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.58

• possess impressive capacities for natural product biosynthesis. Here, we will present the results from recent chemical investigations of this bacterial group, compare the biosynthetic potential with that of non-predatory bacteria and discuss the link between predation and secondary metabolism. Keywords

• : antibiotics; genome mining; Herpetosiphon; myxobacteria; predation; Introduction Microorganisms are major contributors to primary biomass production and nutrient cycling in nature. The composition of a microbial community shapes an ecosystem, but is also responsive to biotic and environmental cues. Predation

• lifestyle in the absence of appropriate preys [21]. Another division of predatory bacteria is based on their hunting strategies [22]. Epibiotic predation involves attachment to the outer surface of the prey, which is then followed by a degradation of the prey’s cell wall and assimilation of cell components

Natural products from microbes associated with insects

• Christine Beemelmanns,
• Huijuan Guo,
• Maja Rischer and
• Michael Poulsen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 314–327, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.34

• molecular analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster of pederin (3) [49][50][51][52]. Beetle larvae hatching from pederin-containing eggs were less prone to predation by wolf spiders than pederin-free larvae, indicating the ecological significance of this secondary metabolite [53]. The biosynthetic gene

Synthesis and determination of the absolute configuration of (−)-(5R,6Z)-dendrolasin-5-acetate from the nudibranch Hypselodoris jacksoni

• I. Wayan Mudianta,
• Victoria L. Challinor,
• Anne E. Winters,
• Karen L. Cheney,
• James J. De Voss and
• Mary J. Garson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2925–2933, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.329

• : Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) are a group of marine animals that use small molecules for a variety of purposes, including communication, reproduction, and defense against predation [4][5]. These molecules have been extensively studied and as of 2012, seven out of the 20 natural products of marine origin

Combining two-directional synthesis and tandem reactions, part 11: second generation syntheses of (±)-hippodamine and (±)-epi-hippodamine

• Annabella F. Newton,
• Martin Rejzek,
• Marie-Lyne Alcaraz and
• Robert A. Stockman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 4, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-4-4

• natural enemies. General predation on ladybirds by vertebrates such as birds is largely prevented by highly toxic defence alkaloids contained in a reflex bleed released when the ladybird is attacked. To date, eight alkaloids of this type have been isolated from coccinellid beetles [1], all of them being