Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• , other 2D nanomaterials, such as elemental 2D materials (e.g., borophene, phosphorene, and silicene), transition metal dichalcogenides (e.g., MoS2, WS2, and NbSe2), transition metal oxides (e.g., MnO2, Fe2O3, and Ni(OH)2 nanosheets), MXenes (e.g., Ti3C2, Ti2C, and Ta4C3), 2D halides (e.g., CrI3, NiI2

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• modification. The presence of the active ionic species has been shown to guide the formation of Ni(OH)2 nanosheets in [30]. After NP formation, the shape transformation can occur during the stages of growth, self-organization, and ageing of the NPs. In this case, laser ablation, which is performed for

• , but typically highly active species, such as radicals and ions, are formed. Their adsorption and reactions at the NP surface results in composition, shape, and structure transformations induced in NPs. As an example, Zhang et al. [30] explained the formation of Mn-doped Ni(OH)2 nanosheets, observed

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• software measuring the deflection of the cantilever and moving the sample during the experiment, the cantilever deflection was measured by a National Instruments BNC box (NI-USB-6341) via an unfiltered connection direct from the photodetector at a sampling rate of 2.0 MHz and for a duration of 1 s of the

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• bonding through oxygen-containing groups (oxidized biochar), pore filling, and electrostatic interactions [53]. GO materials, such as a nickel/reduced graphene oxide (Ni/rGO) nanocomposite, also exhibited high adsorption efficiency, achieving 80.3% removal of PS from water containing 100 mg·L−1 PS. The

• primary mechanisms were hydrophobic and π–π interactions between PS microspheres and the Ni/rGO nanocomposite [54]. In addition, a mass loss of 35.66–50.46% of MP particles from aqueous polyethylene suspensions after 480 min was observed when using GO, GO-Cu2O, GO-MnO2, and GO-TiO2 for treatment [55

• , applying magnetic nanoparticles for treatment purposes may release toxic metal ions (Ni or Mn) or highly soluble metal ions (Zn or Mg) into the treated water, which can then enter water bodies and cause harm [74]. Similarly, MOFs, such as materials combined with Fe, Cu, or Zr, may release toxic ions into

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• authors’ claims have been excluded from the table and the figure but left in the text. A Ni/Fe-LDH piezoelectric nanogenerator was used to charge an asymmetric supercapacitor made from the as-prepared Ni/Fe-LDH and biomass-derived activated carbon as the positive and negative electrode [7]. The Ni/Fe-LDH

• dodecylbenzene sulfonate-modified Ni/Co-LDH as a filler promoted the formation of the electroactive β-phase in PVDF-based electrospun nanocomposite fabrics [12]. The enhanced piezoelectric response was attributed to the realignment of PVDF dipoles in combination with their interfacial interactions with the

• organically modified Ni/Co-LDH nanosheets. However, some concerns arise regarding whether the synthesized material reported by the authors can indeed be classified as a Ni/Co-LDH. First, the synthesis was carried out using salts of divalent nickel and divalent cobalt at a Ni/Co ratio of 1:2. In the absence of

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• application is photocatalytic water splitting for green hydrogen production. Urpelainen and colleagues clarified the mechanisms of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in a new prospective model system, the Ni@NiO/NiCO3 photocatalyst, under dark and illuminated conditions at 1 mbar of H2O [45

• ]. Figure 10a illustrates how the complex Ni 2p spectrum is caused by multiplet splitting, shake-up, and plasmon loss structures. When the catalyst surface is dark, the Ni 2p3/2 structure can be well matched with three main components assigned to Ni0, NiO, and NiCO3. Upon illumination, the Ni0 peak vanishes

• , and the main Ni 2p peak broadens due to the emergence of an additional peak at 857.4 eV attributed to NiOOH. This indicates that photoexcitation triggers oxidation and structural changes, consistent with plasmon-driven electron excitation at the Ni/NiO interface. The authors propose a mechanism where

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• structure and composition of Co–Ni–Fe films were evaluated, and it was found out how the deposition rate affects the conversion of a weak magnetic field into magnetic induction. In addition, thin-film structures based on Fe and Co are among the most promising materials that can be applied in the creation of

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• spheres and is suitable for a variety of metal and semiconductor NPs, including Ag, Au, Cu, Fe, Ni, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Co3O4, NiO, TiO2, WO3, and ZnO, which all exhibit optical absorption at 355 or 532 nm (using a Nd:YAG laser). Pulsed laser irradiation of colloidal NPs differs from LAL primarily in that PLIL

• ]. Figure 10d shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of CdS nanoropes. A comparison of spin coating and drop casting for film fabrication on graphene paper was made using Ni/NiO NPs synthesized by LAL. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry measurements revealed that the homogeneity of the NPs was

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• investigate this, we conducted energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis on laser-treated stainless steel samples across different wavelengths alongside untreated stainless steel for comparison, as outlined in Table 3. Specifically, we examined the weight percentage of Cr, Fe, and Ni in three

• weight percentages of Cr, Fe, and Ni across all three areas. This uniformity suggests that the elemental composition remains unchanged throughout the whole laser-treated surface. For a comparative study, we also measured the elements on a polished stainless steel surface, depicted in Figure 10e. Figure

•  10f–h exhibits the EDS spectra of three different regions of the untreated surface, highlighting the presence of Cr, Fe, Ni, Mg, and C. However, magnesium and carbon are comparatively lower in abundance and not uniformly distributed in the unablated sample, and these peaks do not appear after the

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• produces polycrystalline HEA NPs, nanosecond-pulsed laser ablation favors a metastable amorphous structure. Particle cores in all cases exhibit a homogeneous distribution of the metals Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, while particle shells were found to vary between manganese-enriched oxide layers and thin

• amorphous. As different pulse durations (ps vs ns) may lead to fundamentally different ablation mechanisms during LAL [50][64], it is conceivable that differences in sample compositions (content and distribution of the elements Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) may be responsible for the observed pulse-duration-dependent

• structure of the particle. Figure 6a highlights the elemental distribution of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, O, and C throughout the cross section of the HEA NP. Here, evenly distributed metal atoms can be observed, surrounded by a carbon shell. However, note that carbon signals additionally originate from the

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• with graphene by applying MW irradiation for certain time intervals. In this context, Zhang et al. reported the synthesis of Ni-Co sulfide/graphene NC through MW irradiation at a power of 1000 W for 60 s [12]. As a supercapacitor (SC) electrode, the MW-synthesized NC displayed a specific capacitance of

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• SCD surface into graphene requires annealing at temperatures above 800 °C [21]. The annealing of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films in the presence of a Ni catalyst has been recently explored [22][23][24]. It was shown that graphitization of Ni-coated NCD films begins at a relatively lower

• temperature of about 500 °C [23]. Such a significant decrease in the temperature at which graphitization starts compared to that of the Ni-coated SCD is due to the presence of multiple grain boundaries, along which the diffusion of Ni atoms takes place, facilitating the graphitization process [34]. The

• process occurring at the interface between diamond and Ni nanoparticles was revealed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) [19][24]. During annealing, Ni nanoparticles etch the diamond surface, resulting in the formation of a narrow interdiffusion zone. The carbon atoms released

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• rationalized the observed high activity of the material in direct methanol fuel cells [37]. Regarding the Ni-CeO2−x(111) system, a study of the methanol reaction revealed that the strong metal–support interactions between Ni and CeO2 determines the high selectivity for CO2 production, instead of the formation

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• 700000, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.16.63 Abstract The advancement of affordable, ultrastable, and efficient electrode materials for basic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) plays a crucial role in industrial hydrogen manufacture, resolving problems caused by carbon dioxide emissions. Ni-based

• . In this study, Ni/NiO nanolayers were prepared on stainless steel (SS) via a facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering with various O2 flow rates. The O2 flow rate not only changed the crystal phase but also affected the morphology and atomic ratio of materials, leading to optimized HER

• efficiency. The evaluation of catalytic activities revealed that the optimal sample of Ni/NiO/SS-10 displayed a higher HER performance than bare SS. To produce H2 at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2, this electrode required a low overpotential of 184 mV and demonstrated remarkable durability over 12 h of

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• process. Initially, elemental Mn (99.2%, 3 µm), Fe (99.96%, 10–20 µm), Ni (99.5%, 45–60 µm), Si (99.999%, 45–60 µm), and Ge (99.99%, <250 µm) powders were mixed in the desired stoichiometric proportions and underwent HEBM in a planetary ball mill for 90 min under argon atmosphere and a ball-to-powder

• diameter of ∅ = 10 mm. The preparation procedure for the bulk Ge-based CCA is illustrated in Figure 1a. Preparation of bulk Al-based CCAs The bulk Al-based CCA was produced from elemental Mn (99.6%, <10 µm), Fe (99.5%, 6–10 µm), Ni (99.9%, 3–7 µm), Al (99.5%, 44 µm), and Si (99%, 44 µm) powders. The bulk

• chamber. (a, c) SEM (SE) and EDX elemental maps of Mn, Fe, Ni, Ge, and Si obtained for bulk the Ge-based CCA and Mn, Fe, Ni, Al, and Si, obtained for bulk Ge-based CCA. (b, d) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the bulk Ge-based CCA and the bulk Al-based CCA, showing the presence of side phases. Particle

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

•  3d confirms the presence, in addition to iron, of elements from additives and organic compounds, such as Si from SiO2, Ca from calcium alginate, and Co most likely from cobalamin. The Na and Cl peaks relating to salt (NaCl), and peaks of P, S, Ni, and Zn (trace levels), were classified as

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• small in lateral dimensions. The Fe0.25Ni0.25TiSe2 system provides an illustrative example of such a system [14]. The single-crystal growth of a mixture of Fe0.25TiSe2 and Ni0.25TiSe2 results in the formation of a (Fe,Ni)0.25TiSe2 single crystal, which is covered with faceted single-crystal inclusions

• of (Ni,Fe)4Se5 (Figure 1g,h). The identical orientation of the (Ni,Fe)4Se5 crystals indicates that they have undergone coherent coupling with the lattice of the main crystal. The SPEM technique enables the determination of both the composition of inclusions and the shape of the valence band (Figure

• regarding its electronic structure, where emphasis is common for the study of the Ni 2p signal up to now. However, some discrepancies are still reported on the correct assignment of XPS features [45]. Additionally, less research has been done so far in the analysis of the Ni 3p signal, the study of which

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• multiple sources including metal impurities (such as Fe, Ni, or Cu) present in the graphene structure, as well as from the intrinsic electronic properties of graphene itself. Indeed, graphene’s sp2 hybridization and delocalized π electrons can participate in electron transfer reactions, potentially leading

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• at 1607 cm−1 and a few broad peaks, indicating less graphitization [14]. In another work, a high-density inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition method yielded vertically aligned CNFs using acetylene and hydrogen on a p-type Si wafer with a 10 nm Ni catalyst layer at 20 mTorr and 550 °C

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• produce unsaturated alcohols, suggesting that synergistic Ni–Co interactions played a role in their formation. Keywords: citral hydrogenation; cobalt–nickel mixture; impregnation; ion exchange; natural zeolite; Introduction Numerous publications in the literature highlight zeolites modified with

• and cinnamaldehyde [3][14][15]. Zeolites modified with nickel and cobalt have shown promising results in selective hydrogenation reactions, owing to their high dispersion of active sites and tunable acidity. For instance, a zeolite-supported Ni catalyst has demonstrated selectivity in furfural

• , it can be observed that the Ni and Co concentrations are generally higher in materials obtained through Imp compared to those produced via IE. However, it is important to note that materials obtained by Imp tend to have high chloride contents, whereas those produced by IE exhibit negligible chloride

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• , respectively, by PLAL. The Cantor HEA CoCrFeNiMn target of equimolar composition was prepared by employing powder pressing as described in [18]. In brief, elemental powders of Co (purity 99.8%), Cr (99.2%), Fe (99.5%), Mn (99.6%), and Ni (99.9%) with a particle size less than 10 µm (Thermo Fisher Scientific

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• improve the photocatalytic efficiency, several dopants, such as transition metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni, Co, Cr, Ru, and Ag) or nonmetals (C, N, S, and F) have been introduced into the semiconductor material. Metal and nonmetal dopants have the ability to construct an impurity energy level located below the

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• enhancing CO2 capture in MOFs [55]. The formation of OMSs involves solvent removal upon activation, which establishes uncoordinated metal sites capable of adsorbing guest molecules reversibly [60]. A wide range of OMS-bearing MOFs, including NU-1000, MIL-101, and the M-MOF-74 isoreticular series (M = Mg, Ni

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• HDCMs demonstrate greater stability compared to nanocrystalline pure materials. For example, nanocrystalline NiFe alloys can withstand a much higher radiation dose, twice that of nanocrystalline Ni, and are more stable under prolonged irradiation compared to nanocrystalline elemental Ni [7

• , changes in the structural properties of Ni nanostructures due to ion bombardment have been reported in [15]. Interestingly, certain types of radiation ions have shown a positive effect on the crystal structure, leading to an increase in the degree of crystallinity after the austenitic annealing of defects

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• geometrical structures of graphene obtained from its half and full hydrogenation are called, respectively, graphone [6] and graphane [7]. Zhao et al. have reported the successful synthesis of graphone on a Ni(111) surface [8]. Their X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD), temperature programmed desorption (TPD

• using different experimental techniques is available. Ni et al. synthesized graphene on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and studied the effect of uniaxial strain through Raman spectroscopy [30]. They stretched PET in one direction and found a redshift in the D and G bands for a single