Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• ability to examine colored or pigmented polymers without dye interference. The geographical distributions of MPs in samples are increasingly being mapped using Raman mapping techniques, which provide valuable information for ecological impact studies [36]. Such techniques are able to distinguish between

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• of scaffold types throughout their thickness and assess the core structure of HA+NE2/PLA nanofibers. Fluorescein, a fluorescent dye, was added to the HA+NE mixture to facilitate its encapsulation within the core during the electrospinning process. As shown in Figure 5, the presence of fluorescein was

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• present, were selected. Analysis of pH 8.0, 600 mM NaCl 21 day, pH 8.0, 0 mM NaCl 21 day, pH 8.0, 0 mM NaCl 11 day, and pH 4.0, 150 mM NaCl 11 day samples was repeated to confirm initial observations. ThT ThT, a dye that selectively binds to β-sheet-rich regions in amyloid fibrils and exhibits enhanced

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• degradation of the industrial dye rhodamine B in aqueous solution [33]. Results of photocatalytic testing of GO show different efficiencies depending on the energy and fluence of silver ions as you can see on the Figure 11. Unmodified GO exhibits a lower rate constant for the decomposition of rhodamine B than

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• obtain nucleic acid aptamer S3-2-3 with binding specificity to ESCC cells. After labeled with Cy5 dye, it can yield highly specific fluorescence imaging for ESCC tissues, providing accurate display tools for clinical diagnosis. The remarkably short 18-nucleotide length of aptamer S3-2-3 enables its

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• over 99% removal efficiency for methylene blue (MB). Additionally, M0.5 demonstrated excellent resistance to fouling when filtering MB dye and microplastic mixtures. The membrane maintained its high performance across different MB concentrations, MPs levels, and transmembrane pressures. The study

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• amides [57]. While FTIR provides some evidence of PPA coupling to the IONP surface, it is not conclusive; thus, we turned to an indirect means of detection by utilizing the CuAAC coupling reaction to bind Cy5-azide dye to the alkyne groups on the IONP surface, if present. The dye can then be detected

• bond formation with EDC activation, while no amides were detected in the EDC-free control, as expected. Our UV–vis results suggest a denser dye loading on IONP-PPA than the EDC-free control, which suggests more available binding sites (alkynes) on IONP-PPA. The C 1s XPS spectra also suggest the

• , also did not result in any detectable dye loading on the IONPs. We also tried using Remazol Brilliant Blue R (Figure 6d), a commercially available primary amine-containing dye with sulfonate groups, which impart excellent aqueous solubility, and once again, detected no dye on the IONPs. We thus

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• comparison of ZnO photoelectrodes obtained by laser ablation and doctor blade for dye-sensitized solar cell application was made. Regarding the crystalline structure, a noticeable difference between the films is the broadening of the diffraction peaks. Specifically, the films deposited using the doctor blade

• deposited by doctor blade exhibit higher porosity and distinct clustering compared to those made by laser ablation. This increased porosity in the doctor blade films is likely responsible for the better dye absorption observed. However, a disadvantage of the doctor blade method is the poor adhesion of the

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• membrane, the IR780 (NIR) fluorescence dye was loaded as a photosensitizer for PTT to generate biomimetic “IR780-rRBC” NPs. The antitumor effect of IR780-rRBC was also evaluated. After laser treatment, the tumor temperatures in mice treated with IR780-rRBC and IR780-rRBC NPs increased up to 60 and 70 °C

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• [20][21], drug monitoring in biological fluids [22], CO2 absorption from the atmosphere [23], dye removal from industrial effluents [24], cavity-prevention in oral products [25], insect repellent coating for textiles [26], lead detection in water reservoirs [27], production of vaccines [28], and

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• spectra were measured after different standing times. The dye concentration in the sample was about 0.002 wt %, and the concentration of F-127 was 0.01 wt %. Photocytotoxicity The photocytotoxicity of the nanoparticles was examined according to [3][4][5][6]. The procedure in the present work is

• nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation of their microcrystalline powder in F-127 (0.1 wt %) solution at 140 mJ·cm−2. Dye concentrations were 0.020 wt % for each sample. Dispersion stability of the AlClPc nanoparticles fabricated in 0.1 wt % F-127 solution (blue triangles), in pure water without F-127 (black

• photocytotoxicity of AlClPc, ZnPc, and PtOEP nanoparticles for PC12 and HeLa cells. Cell viability with (red bar) and without (blue bar) light irradiation (500–800 nm wavelength, 35 mW·cm−2 for 10 min) after incubation with the nanoparticles for 24 h was evaluated with MTT assays. (a) PC12 cells: dye concentration

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• ) colorimetric assay to determine the nontoxic concentration levels of both NMs and the impact of US exposure on viability. The oxidized form of the dye enters the cytosol when it is added to the cell culture, and it is converted to its reduced form by the mitochondrial enzyme activity of living cells [39

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• probed with ThT, a dye that increases in fluorescence after it binds to aggregated or misfolded protein [32] (Figure 2A). Bovine serum albumin was used as a control protein as it is a major component of serum and known to be relatively heat resistant. No increase in fluorescence was seen between ApoE3

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• generated using nanosecond IR lasers [41]. A direct size comparison of naproxen and fenofibrate particles generated by nanosecond and femtosecond lasers showed that shorter pulse durations favor the generation of smaller NPs, analogous to the dye studies described above. However, in addition to laser

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• hydrophobic PCL [34]. The positive charge on the G-250 dye or the Bradford reagent can form ionic interactions with PEG–PCL NPs due to their negative surface charge, which is confirmed through the zeta potential. We also observed when the PEG–PCL nanoparticle concentrations decreased from 10 to 0.005 mg/mL

• SDS using PEG–PCL NPs [35][36]. SDS is an anionic surfactant with a negative charge, while the Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 dye in the Bradford reagent carries a positive charge. In addition, PEG–PCL NPs adsorbed the Bradford reagent and produced a plasmonic peak. The absorbance peak in PEG–PCL NPs

• is due to the interaction with the Bradford reagent, which is further used for the detection of SDS via electrostatic interaction. An ionic interaction occurs when the negatively charged SDS molecules come into contact with the PEG–PCL absorbed with positively charged G-250 dye (from the Bradford

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• analysis using the TecnaiTM G2 Spirit (FEI Company, Eindhoven, Netherlands) instrument at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV equipped with a Gatan camera. Propidium iodide uptake analysis Propidium iodide (PI), a positively charged nucleic acid dye, specifically exhibits fluorescence after binding with DNA

• with 1× PBS, harvested using 0.25% trypsin, and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 10 min to remove excess GO–Chl nanoconjugates. Furthermore, cells were resuspended in 100 μL of 1× PBS and incubated with the PI dye (stock: 1 mg/mL; working solution: 2 μL/100 μL) for 10 min at room temperature in the dark

• of PI dye (1 mg/mL) and stored at 4 °C until analysis using flow cytometry. Three independent experiments were performed for each group. Values represent mean ± SE of three independent experiments. A value of p < 0.05 (*) was considered statistically significant. Comet assay/single-cell gel

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• were removed from the tubes, and the test tubes were washed twice with sterile distilled water. Then, 3 mL of 1% crystal violet (Merck, Germany) was added to each tube. After 20 min, the dye solution was discarded, and the tubes were washed twice with sterile distilled water. Biofilm formation was

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• using a UV transilluminator. The purified DNA fragments were used as templates in sequence analysis. The PCR products of the 16S rDNA were labeled using the Big Dye Terminator Reaction Mixture Sequencing KIT from Perkin Elmer. The sequencing process was carried out by First Base and further analyzed

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• aggregates in the vitreous. This method provides a safer and more effective approach for treating opacities near the retina (Figure 4b). Compared with HA-AuNPs (10 nm) that absorb light near 520 nm, the light absorption of the organic dye ICG mainly occurs in the NIR region, with less absorption of NIR by

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• /bjnano.16.13 Abstract Bentonite clay sourced from the Guarapuava region, Brazil, was modified with niobium oxide (BEOx) and niobium phosphate (BEPh) to act as an adsorbent and photocatalyst in the remediation of wastewater containing methylene blue (MB) dye. Additionally, colored materials were evaluated

• photocatalysts for treating solutions containing the MB dye (400 mg·L−1) at 25 °C. The results showed adsorption and photocatalysis efficiency above 94% for both samples. The blue-colored BEOx and BEPh samples were then applied as a hybrid pigment. The power pigment and its dispersion in colorless paint were

• ; Introduction The most found dye pollutants in wastewater on a global scale originate from textile, plastic, paper, food, cosmetics, mineral, and pharmaceutical industries, among others, resulting in significant environmental impacts [1]. Dyes, as chemical compounds that impart color to different materials

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• Karapinar [2] fabricated a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with selenium@activated carbon (Se@AC) composites as an alternative to the Pt counter electrode (CE) via chemical activation. The fabricated DSSC showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.67%, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.648 V, a short

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• electronic transition, making them suitable for further applications in photocatalysis, electronics, and optoelectronics. Photocatalytic study ZnO NPs were utilized in a photocatalytic degradation test to reduce the concentration of the harmful dye methylene blue (MB). A solution containing 20 mg of ZnO NP

• photocatalyst and 20 ppm of MB dye was exposed to UV light in order to initiate photodegradation. Measurements were taken at 15 min intervals to track the reduction in MB dye concentration. UV–visible spectrophotometry was used to measure the absorbance at 663 nm. Under UV irradiation, the photodegradation of

• MB dye progressed with time and yielded 95% degradation under 120 min. The process involved in dye degradation is exciting electrons and generating holes in the semiconductor. The produced electrons form superoxide radicals (•O2−) by reacting with O2, while holes react with water (H2O) molecules to