Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• standardized toxicity assessment, environmental fate modeling, and lifecycle analysis to enable safe and scalable commercialization. (2) Strengthen industry engagement through public–private partnerships that integrate advanced nanomaterials such as graphene, MXenes, nanoporous catalysts, and quantum dots into

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• key mechanism in remote lakes besides direct input [7]. Groundwater modeling methods have been instrumental in describing the transport and fate of contaminants, including MPs, in subsurface environments. Numerical methods such as MODFLOW coupled with transport methods such as MT3DMS and RT3D are

• in Himalayan groundwater [30]. Our addition of groundwater vulnerability modeling and toxicity pathways to this contributes by incorporating MPs into groundwater threat frameworks, providing a new contribution in linking solid plastic pollution with hydrological threats in vulnerable highland

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• transmission probability. Thus, the defects increase the current through the nanoscale junctions. Modeling of graphite and h-BN. (a) Unit cell of graphite, (b) DOS of graphite, (c) band structure of graphite, (d) unit cell of h-BN, (e) DOS of h-BN, (f) band structure of h-BN, and (g) schematic of the Brillouin

• zone. Modeling of graphite and h-BN with Stone–Wales defect. (a) Unit cell of defective graphite, (b) DOS of defective graphite, (c) band structure of defective graphite, (d) unit cell of defective h-BN, (e) DOS of defective h-BN, (f) band structure of defective h-BN, and (g) schematic of the Brillouin

• zone. Modeling of N-doped graphite. (a) Unit cell of N-doped graphite, (b) band structure of N-doped graphite, (c) schematic of the Brillouin zone, and (d) DOS of N-doped graphite. Geometry of Pt/graphene/Pt junctions with (a) one layer, (b) two layers, (c) three layers, (d) four layers; (e) five

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• limitations inherent in single-scale models. Keywords: finite element method; gecko adhesion; hybrid modeling; molecular dynamics; multiscale simulations; seta; spatula; Introduction Geckos possess the ability to adhere to a variety of substrates, a trait attributed to specialized micro- and nanoscale

• modeled with a height H0 of 22.8 μm and an inclination angle αse of 30°. The multiscale seta was constructed by modeling a main shaft that branched four times into 16 tips, each connecting to a molecular spatula. The overall seta geometry was bound by the positive legs of the two parabolas (red lines

• while avoiding unnecessary computational cost. We note that the substrate model is an idealized approximation chosen for consistency with our prior work [10][12] and computational efficiency. Modeling biologically realistic interfaces will require extending the present model to include stratification

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• microscopy [3], tapping mode AFM [4], and contact resonance AFM (CR-AFM) [5], each providing unique advantages or insights into a surface and the materials that comprise it. Alongside the developments of the experimental technique, there have been a number of modeling techniques created that can be used to

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• molar ratio of 50:10:38.5:1.5, SANS analysis revealed a core–shell architecture with an average particle diameter of approximately 75 nm and a LNP shell thickness of 5 to 7 nm. Quantitative modeling of shell composition further demonstrated that the DMPE-PEG2k lipid accounted for 3.0 ± 0.5% of the shell

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• absent in 16.2% (n = 14) of the works, while 9.5% (n = 8) did not replicate their experiments. Limitations also included restricted animal modeling (8.1%; n = 7) and absence of long-term effect assessments (8.1%; n = 7). Altogether, these findings indicate that while green-synthesized nanoparticles hold

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• integrate high-resolution computed tomography-based geometries to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying hygroscopic actuation. This integrative approach will bridge experimental findings with computational modeling and advance plant biomechanics and biomimetic transfer. Keywords: digital volume

• , together with previously published bilayer models, show that the analytical analysis of such a complex drying movement is a sensitive system of selected expansion coefficients, mechanical properties, and geometric models. It should be noted that the modeling of sorption/desorption of water via thermal

• zones. This analysis highlighted the importance of the tissue material properties and raises some questions about previous Young’s modulus measurements. Furthermore, the achievable bending angle can be increased by avoiding a simple bilayer geometry and modeling the sclerenchyma layer as discrete fibers

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• between fundamental surface studies and application-relevant complexity. Another promising frontier is the coupling of APXPS with advanced data acquisition and analysis, such as machine learning for spectral interpretation, real-time kinetic modeling, and high-throughput experimentation. These approaches

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• fine tuning process parameters for improved performance [139]. Recent advancements in computational modeling and AI have significantly contributed to the development of more efficient and targeted strategies for MP and NP removal. As illustrated in Figure 13, AI and ML models serve as powerful tools

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• colleagues have also structured the interfaces of the gradients in their work on bioinspired 3D-printed fused deposition modeling materials, incorporating different patterns such as collagen-like triple helices into their geometric design, resulting in a 50% toughness increase compared to the non-graded

• and material gradients, finite element (FE) simulations were performed using small deformation implicit modeling. The linear solver of the ANSYS static structural module was used for the FE simulations. Due to the low thickness of the metamaterial structures, the plane stress 2D model (PLANE 183

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• qubits; Introduction Currently, quantum computing is under active development, opening new horizons for solving a number of problems that are difficult for classical processors, including modeling the behavior of quantum systems, optimization problems, breaking cryptographic systems, solving large

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• Aleksey Fedotov Olesya Severyukhina Anastasia Salomatina Anatolie Sidorenko Modeling Structures and Functional Materials Group, Institute of Mechanics, Udmurt Federal Research Center, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Baramzinoy 34, Izhevsk 426067, Russia Nanotechnology and Microsystems

• ., Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.16.110 Abstract The paper presents a mathematical model for studying the magnetic behavior of atoms, which takes into account spin and interatomic interactions. Two problems were solved by means of mathematical modeling. At the first stage, the problem of modeling a

• thin films and the formation of Neel domain walls. Keywords: ferromagnetic properties; LAMMPS; mathematical modeling; MEAM; molecular dynamics; spin dynamics; Introduction Thin film structures [1][2] are increasingly employed each year in a wide range of applications, serving as functional [3][4

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• reliable candidate for modeling and experimental investigations [33]. According to Shams et al. [68], PS exhibits a critical coagulation concentration of 800 mM NaCl, significantly higher than PE’s 80 mM, which underscores PS’s stability in saline environments and its suitability for long-term studies. The

• development of microbial-enriched biochar presents new opportunities for soil restoration, yet further research is needed to optimize its composition and stability. Advancements in computational modeling

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• overall performance, although potentially reducing recognition accuracy. Automating recognition and tracking is essential for high-throughput video analysis, which is critical for understanding and modeling complex nanoscale phenomena. The differential video treatment approach, combined with the deep

Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• (n = 3). TEM images of PpIX in polymeric systems comprising 10% (w/w) poloxamer 407 in purified water (A), EtOH50 (B) and EtOH77 (C). The images are at a scale of 200 nm. Mathematical modeling of the solubilization curves of PpIX dissolution in micellar systems using the Korsmeyer–Peppas model with

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• modeling the ellipsoidal mirror as an annular lens that produces a converging spherical wave at its focal point in the sample plane. An angular spectrum decomposition of this lens field shows that it is very accurately described as a sum of plane waves spanning the polar angular range (Supporting

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• supramolecular hydration structures that preserve graphene nanosheets from the restacking through hydrophobic force, van der Waals force, and π–π interaction. In this manuscript, density functional theory and high-performance computing (HPC) are used for modeling and calculating van der Waals force between

• theory modeling (DFT) and dispersion energy correction functional (DFT-D3). The theoretical work aimed to elucidate the relationship between water intercalation and intersheet binding energy in quantum mechanical level. The computational calculations quantified intersheet distance, van der Waals force

• Grimme [22][23][24]. The modeling of infinite graphene sheets was extrapolated from periodic supercells. The supercell of bilayer graphene structure includes 16 carbon atoms (two graphene sheets with eight carbon atoms per sheet). The modeling of water-intercalated bilayer graphene structure used the

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• , polymers, or formulated SLNs in aluminum crucibles were heated from 10 to 500 °C at 10 K/min with nitrogen purging at 20 mL/min flow rate. The TGA cell was calibrated using tin (232 °C) and indium (156 °C) as a melting points standard. In vitro drug release and kinetic modeling In vitro release of APT from

• after redispersion. Results of kinetic modeling of SLNs formulations in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2). Results of kinetic modeling of SLNs formulations in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4). Multiple Dunnett’s test on in vitro drug release between SLN formulations. Pharmacokinetic parameters of pure APT and APT

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• focused electron beam-induced etching (FEBIE), can effectively control edge profiles, supported by continuum modeling [12]. Additionally, using alternative precursors such as Pt(CO)2Cl2 and Pt(CO)2Br2 with low-energy ion irradiation enables the fabrication of high-purity Pt deposits. This process involves

• , and substrates to transform them from specialized prototyping to market-relevant methods. Advances are particularly needed in precursor development to achieve desirable material compositions and in modeling to enable full 3D-growth control. As we transition into an era defined by artificial

• intelligence and automation, the potential for real-time process control and modeling-informed precision fabrication is immense. Rapid data analysis and automated software development could pave the way for a bottom-up approach, akin to how nature constructs complex biological systems. On behalf of all editors

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• patterns is understanding how adsorbate–substrate interactions influence the growth dynamics of these films [23][24][25]. Mathematical and numerical modeling of the growth processes of nanostructured thin films enables detailed analysis of the dynamics involved. It allows for investigating the impact of

• fundamental factors such as chamber pressure, deposition temperature, energy characteristics, and external influences on the morphology, type, and size of surface structures during growth. A widely adopted approach for mathematical modeling in this context is based on reaction–diffusion models [26][27][28][29

• significantly within the interaction radius, we can exploit a self-consistent approximation used in different areas of numerical modeling [33][34][36][37][38][39]: Substituting Equation 7 into Equation 8 and assuming at m ≥ 2, the interaction potential of the adsorbate Uads(r) obtains the following form: Uads

Vortex lattices of layered HTSCs at different vortex–vortex interaction potentials

• Valerii P. Lenkov,
• Anastasia N. Maksimova,
• Anna N. Moroz and
• Vladimir A. Kashurnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 362–370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.27

• interaction potential of which is identical in shape to the interaction potential in ferromagnetic superconductors. The modeling results can also be useful for analyzing vortex configurations in a layered anisotropic HTSC in an inclined magnetic field. Methods Calculations were performed using the Monte Carlo

• [27]. Therefore, vortex filaments are approximately straight, and only one HTSC layer can be considered for modeling. A vortex system at a temperature not too close to the critical temperature can be modeled as an ensemble of particles interacting with a long-range potential. Then the energy of the

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• a quantitative measure for electrical contact between nanoparticles and supports [64]. EIS data, visualized in a Nyquist plot, graph the negative imaginary impedance (Z) vs the real impedance [2]. Modeling the data with an electronic circuit that reflects the electrochemical system gives values for

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14