Substrate-dependent pore formation in molybdenum disulfide monolayers under ion irradiation

• Yossarian Liebsch,
• Umair Javed,
• Lucia Skopinski,
• Leon Daniel,
• Franziska Appel,
• Radia Rahali,
• Clara Grygiel,
• Henning Lebius,
• Carolin Frank,
• Lars Breuer,
• Leon Kirsch,
• Frieder Koch,
• Jani Kotakoski and
• Marika Schleberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 769–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.54

• Information File 1, Figure S1), consistent with the pore morphology previously reported for suspended MoS2 [25]. Representative pores are shown in STEM annular dark-field (ADF) images in Figure 1a–d. We quantified pore-size distributions by measuring ≈150 pores. Mean pore radii are summarized in Figure 1e

• are comparable in size to those on SiO2, while the 0.4 MeV/u Ar6+ irradiation of MoS2 on Au yields on average the largest pores. The pores on Au additionally exhibit a broad size distribution and an unusual morphology (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6 and Figure S7), with many showing

Tailoring Ag–Pt nanoalloys through solid-state dewetting: structural and optical insights

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Piotr Okoczuk,
• Blaž Grobiša,
• Ewa Pawlikowska,
• Amelia Rozwadowska,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 748–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.52

• plasmonic properties. Results and Discussion As-deposited thin Ag–Pt bilayers exhibit a granular morphology, as evidenced by atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements shown in Figure 1. This granular character leads to instability of the layers at higher temperatures, causing cracking of the continuous

• presented in Figure 3d confirms the presence of Ag and Pt. The Ag and Pt ratio was calculated to be approximately 40 atom %:60 atom %. This reduced fraction may result from partial desorption of silver. Sublimation of Ag atoms plays a significant role in the morphology and the evolution of the elemental

• homogeneous Ag–Pt nanoalloys, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) observations were performed. Representative cross-section TEM images of two samples with various compositions are shown in Figure 8. Images for both nanostructures exhibit uniform morphology, which strongly indicates alloy

Oxidative atmosphere-driven formation of single-phase spinel CuRh₂O₄ nanofibers for alkaline water oxidation

• Namhee Kim,
• Sumin Ko,
• Sohyeon Choi,
• Seoyoon Jang,
• Myung Hwa Kim and
• Dasol Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 737–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.50

• electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to investigate the surface morphology and structural uniformity of the electrospun nanofibers after post-annealing. In the as-spun state prior to annealing, the fibers containing PVP exhibit smooth surfaces with an average diameter of approximately 300 nm (Supporting

• morphology. Structural and spectroscopic characterizations confirmed the formation of a highly crystalline spinel phase with well-defined nanofiber architecture; XPS analysis further verified stabilized surface chemical states of Cu and Rh under the optimized annealing atmosphere. Importantly, the phase-pure

• characterization Morphology and elemental composition of the synthesized nanomaterials were examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM; JEOL JSM-6700F) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM; JEOL JEM-2100F). Surface chemical states and crystallographic structures were

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

• through various synthetic approaches, including physical, chemical, and biological methods [35]. Each offers distinct advantages and limitations regarding particle size control, morphology, stability, and cost-effectiveness [35]. Chemical methods are commonly employed to synthesise AgNPs due to their

• , which calculated the AgNP concentration as particles per millilitre [53]. Microscopic techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy, provide high-resolution images of individual nanoparticles, confirming morphology, size distribution, and elemental composition when coupled with energy-dispersive

• citrate as a capping agent to assess the impact of nanoparticle size on bacterial strain [62]. The study found that 5 nm AgNPs have a greater effect on killing bacterial strains compared to other sizes [62]. Collectively, these studies indicate that morphology and size significantly influence AgNP

Decontamination from water pollutants and pathogens by electrospun nanofibers doped with heavy-atom-free borafluorene-BODIPY photosensitizers

• Angelika Zaszczyńska,
• Paulina H. Marek-Urban,
• Karolina Wrochna,
• Agnieszka E. Kuklewska,
• Kacper Kręgielewski,
• Marta Grodzik,
• Dawid R. Natkowski,
• Jolanta Mierzejewska,
• Ewa Iwanek,
• Agata Blacha-Grzechnik,
• Paweł Sajkiewicz and
• Krzysztof Durka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 668–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.46

• photocatalyst for the degradation of the pharmaceutical agents ranitidine, propranolol, and cimetidine, selected as model water pollutants. The obtained nanofibers showed smooth and uniform morphology along with very high durability and resistance toward oxidation, remaining active even after 20 reaction cycles

• 30 µm, Rotilabo®, Roth Selection, Germany), which was attached to the collector. After the electrospinning process, all mats were placed under a fume hood for 48 h to evaporate solvents in the fibers. Morphology analysis The morphological properties of samples were examined through scanning electron

• ) supported by Tukey’s post hoc test. Results and Discussion Selection of the matrix material Samples of BODIPY 1 encapsulated in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers were formed using electrospinning, following by SEM analysis of the morphology. To ensure

Cellulose as a photocatalyst support material: extraction, structural features, and environmental applications

• Yee Teng Lim,
• Nur Farhana Jaafar,
• Azizul Hakim Lahuri and
• Endang Tri Wahyuni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 635–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.44

• , and these fibers interlock through hydrogen bonding to impart both mechanical strength and flexibility to the paper matrix, enabling the production of a wide range of paper products with tailored properties [64]. The fiber morphology and the degree of polymerization of cellulose strongly influence the

Two-step laser synthesis of Ag@TiO₂ nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

• Marija Kovačević,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Rafaela Radičić,
• Vladimir Rajić,
• Nikša Krstulović,
• Miloš Momčilović and
• Sanja Živković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 622–634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.43

• UV–vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of nanoparticles with a predominantly anatase TiO2 phase. The synthesized particles exhibited spherical morphology, with average diameters ranging from 97–331 nm for the 200p sample and 86–144 nm for the 2000p sample. The photocatalytic efficiency was

• the morphology, composition, and crystallinity of the resulting nanostructures with high precision. The absence of organic contaminants or residual reagents maximizes the catalytic surface area, while the presence of silver can influence the optical response of TiO2 through plasmon-related effects

• nanoparticle formation, leading to improved control over nanoparticle structure and photocatalytic performance. Results and Discussion SEM analysis The surface morphology of PLD-prepared samples was analyzed using SEM-EDS (Figure 2 and Figure 3). SEM images of the sample surface after deposition of silver on

Recent progress in enhancing built-in electric fields of perovskite solar cells via junction engineering

• Tong Xiao and
• Ke Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 602–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.42

Laser–material interactions in liquids for the synthesis of nanomaterials: current status and perspectives

• Carlos Doñate Buendia,
• Bilal Gökce and
• Leonid V. Zhigilei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 571–575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.38

• photothermal mechanisms [17]. Laser melting in liquids (LML) employs lower pulse intensities to increase particle size [18] and/or modify crystallinity and morphology through melting and resolidification [19]. At moderate laser fluences, close to or even below the melting threshold, irradiation can induce

Synthesis of Cu–Mo/TiO₂ and Co–Mo/TiO₂ photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water

• Ilse Acosta,
• Brenda Zermeño,
• Edgar Moctezuma,
• Luis F. Garay-Rodríguez and
• Isaías Juárez-Ramírez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 559–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.37

• results of co-doped TiO2 materials are shown in Figure 2. The titanium oxide prepared by the sol–gel method exhibits a poorly defined spherical morphology. With the incorporation of 0.2 wt % of copper and 0.5 wt % of molybdenum, a morphology quite similar to that of the pure oxide is observed. The

• with a better-defined spherical morphology and apparently smaller size than that of the pure oxide particles are observed. The photocatalysts TiO2, Cu–Mo/TiO2, and Co–Mo/TiO2 were characterized through nitrogen physisorption analysis using the BET technique. Pure titanium oxide has a specific surface

• area of 34.4 m2/g; with the incorporation of 0.5 wt % Mo and 0.2 wt % Cu, the surface area decreases substantially to 16.4 m2/g. This result can be related to changes in the morphology and crystalline structure of the TiO2 after doping. The decrease in surface area after Cu doping is a behavior

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• -101 to GO. For comparison, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was also prepared using the same reduction process without MIL-101. Equipment The X-ray diffraction analyses were conducted using a D8 Advance Bruker (Germany). Morphology and elemental mapping were measured with a Hitachi S-4800 FESEM (Japan

• morphology that offers a large surface area and a conductive substrate for material deposition. The pristine MIL-101 (Figure 4b) consists of irregular polyhedral particles that tend to aggregate, forming relatively compact clusters. In contrast, the MIL-101/rGO composite (Figure 4c) reveals that MIL-101

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• oxidation level and effective exfoliation of the graphite precursor, consistent with typical GO morphology. In contrast, the rGO sample (Figure 6e–h) displays darker, less transparent sheets, with noticeable regions that are flatter and less wrinkled than in GO. These smoother areas corroborate the presence

• rough and compact morphology. The lamellae are well defined and contain regions that clearly display stacked sp2-hybridized carbon sheets with locally ordered domains that evidence the presence of few-layer graphitic structures. However, regions of amorphous carbon are also observed, consistent with the

• sheet-like, although they still show evidence of partial structural disorder along their edges and within the basal planes. This intermediate morphology matches the spectroscopic observations, which point to a moderate defect density and a balance between disordered and graphitic domains. Agro-GOC

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• conditioning. Furthermore, morphological assessment was performed at both the nano- and the macroscale, using particle size distribution, polydispersity index, and zeta potential as indirect indicators of nanocapsule structural organization, while the morphology and integrity of the multilayer 3D-printed films

Eco-efficient materials for agricultural crops based on a mineral rich in MOR- and HEU-type zeolites

• Esperanza Yamile de la Nuez-Pantoja,
• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Gerardo Rodríguez-Fuentes,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• Ariel Martínez García,
• José Juan Calvino Gámez and
• Daniel Goma Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 381–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.26

• an irregular surface with dispersed agglomerates and single particles with different morphologies, where the mineral nature with impurities affects the observation of surface details and obscures crystalline habits [43][44]. MOR crystals can be observed with their characteristic elongated morphology

• , some with a fibrous shape (as shown in Figure 5) and others acicular (as observed more clearly in Figure 6b) [45][46]. HEU crystals with laminar habit can also be distinguished, the morphology of which is associated with the presence of potassium [43][44]. The SEM images (Figure 6) of the modified

Polycatecholamine nanocoatings on stainless steel: the effect on attachment of human fibroblasts and platelets

• Paulina Trzaskowska,
• Ewa Rybak,
• Maciej Trzaskowski,
• Kamil Kopeć,
• Jakub Krzemiński,
• Rafał Podgórski,
• Hatice Genc,
• Mehtap Civelek and
• Iwona Cicha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 365–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.25

• in the nanometer range for PTYR and in the micrometer range in case of PDA. Compared to PDA, PTYR coatings exhibited a nanoparticulate surface morphology and higher stability under physiological conditions. Wettability, roughness, and amine group density were systematically analyzed to determine

• longest time of coating. Images taken directly after coating (Figure 5a,b,e,f) show the initial coating morphology. The surface of SS-PDA 10 min could not be clearly distinguished with SEM; however, the surface of SS-PDA 4 h presented a full coverage with a polymer film. After 28 d of constant washing

• with PBS, the coating is still present on the SS-PDA 4 h variant, although it seems to be cracked. The coating presence on the SS-PDA 10 min variant could not be confirmed with SEM after 28 d of washing. The morphology of PTYR nanocoatings was significantly different. In Figure 5e,f, bright micro

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• , which point to significant modifications of the CNS’s inner morphology after the treatment. Signal reception tests simulating real-world operation conditions were also carried out at two different distances to evaluate the practical application of the CNS as RF antennas. The ethanol treatment was also

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• 10.3762/bjnano.17.22 Abstract Nanoparticle synthesis via pulsed laser ablation in liquids has gained prominence as a versatile and environmentally friendly approach for producing ligand-free colloids with controlled composition, size, and morphology. While pulsed laser ablation in liquids offers

• the produced NPs [133] and affect the morphology [134][135]. Regarding the ablation efficiency, a maximum is reported for ablation in air for Φ0 = e2Φth, where Φth is the ablation threshold [53]. In liquids, ablation efficiency is usually determined experimentally due to energy losses and beam

• Al2O3 NPs by nanosecond laser ablation in water [141]. Tilting the target results in smaller particles with a narrower distribution due to the larger spot and lower fluence [141]. Morphology and shape of the ablated NPs remain constant. The produced NPs were spherical with an average particle size

Advancing nanolithography: a comprehensive review of materials for local anodic oxidation with AFM

• Matteo Lorenzoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 275–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.19

Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• physicochemical characterization of these materials, including metal content, morphology, and structural properties was reported in [4]. Materials characterization The morphology of the fabrics with and without NPs was analyzed by SEM. Images were acquired in a Hitachi SU3500 microscope operating at an

Multilayered hyperbolic Au/TiO₂ nanostructures for enhancing the nonlinear response around the epsilon-near-zero point

• Fernando Arturo Araiza-Sixtos,
• Mauricio Gomez-Robles,
• Rafael Salas-Montiel and
• Raúl Rangel-Rojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 251–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.17

• initial simulations. Figure 3d shows the measured permittivity of the thin gold layer compared to the values of ℜ{ε} and ℑ{ε} from literature; they are very similar, indicating that the gold layers have a good morphology with no voids. Also using ellipsometry, we were able to measure the thicknesses of

Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• Helen Gorges Felicitas von Usslar Cordt Zollfrank Silja Flenner Imke Greving Martin Muller Clemens F. Schaber Chuchu Li Stanislav N. Gorb Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany TUM Campus for Biotechnology and Sustainability

• wood to withstand high stress. This structural resilience makes wood a versatile material for applications ranging from construction to advanced composites. However, a detailed understanding of how delignification affects softwood tracheid and hardwood fiber morphology is crucial for predicting

• material behavior and developing modified wood products. This study investigated the overall structural changes due to delignification, in five wood species, namely, spruce, beech, balsa, Douglas fir, and poplar. It additionally provides detailed morphology of delignified single tracheids and fibers

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• a heterogeneous, rough surface with lamellar layers and pronounced macroporosity. The rGO carbon (Figure 2b) exhibits a structure composed of thin, wrinkled, and sheet-like layers, characteristic of exfoliated graphene-based materials. The morphology of CB (Figure 2c) is formed of highly aggregated

Micro- and nanoscale effects in biological and bioinspired materials and surfaces

• Thies H. Büscher,
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Manuela Rebora and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 214–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.14

• Thies H. Buscher Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira Manuela Rebora Stanislav N. Gorb Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, 24098 Kiel, Germany Lestes Lab, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil Dipartimento di

• Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06121 Perugia, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.17.14 Keywords: adhesion; bioengineering; functional morphology; material properties; medical coatings; microstructures; nanostructures; optics; structure–function relationships; Micro- and

• coloration [13]. Piersanti et al. [12] described the functional morphology and material composition of the cleaning devices of a damselfly species and experimentally investigated their performance. This species bears specialized grooming structures on the tibiae of its forelegs with dedicated micro- and

Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• polymers in thin films are known to markedly differ from those observed in the bulk, with significant differences in glass transition behavior, diffusion, and viscoelastic properties [4]. The assembly of polymer molecules from solution to solid state play a critical role in determining thin film morphology