Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• CH2). Moreover, the peak is unusually broad, possibly due to the complex shape of the disordered PEG chains. However, this type of disorder refers to the conformation of the PEG chains only; altogether, the C–H stretching vibrations must have a preferred orientation with respect to the gold surface

• either to the other dipole orientation of the CH group between the two samples [27], or to the charges of the molecules being opposite [28]. The latter seems unlikely since the isoelectric points of the two samples are similar. From symmetry rules and the ssp-polarization, one can deduce that the CH2

• , surface composition, and controlled orientation of the dimanno-AuNPs suggest suitable candidates for emulating viral surface glycoproteins, such as influenza hemagglutinin, under hydration–dehydration cycles in air, which correspond to the conditions of viral transmission. Indeed, several viral pathogens

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• . The model reproduces key aspects of spatula behavior during adhesion and detachment, showing that spatula–substrate contact evolves through a combination of bending, sliding, and peeling, depending on the spatula’s initial orientation. Our results further demonstrate that lateral sliding can delay

• , differences in adhesion originate from structure and geometry rather than interface chemistry. We analyzed the 16 spatulae individually. Figure 10, Figure 11, and Figure 12 report, respectively, their force, contact, and displacement profiles in a representative run. Across runs, orientation (pad- vs tip

• full pad contact without requiring shearing. Pull-off phase During pull-off, spatulae experienced bending, shearing, and detachment, depending on their orientation and distance from the pulling point: As pull-off began, odd-numbered spatulae (tip-dominated contact) unbent (Figure 12), restoring the tip

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• of motional freedom could correspond to a brush conformation signature, where adjacent PEG chains force them into a linear orientation. In contrast, PEG chains in mushroom conformation would exhibit restricted motion and thus broader peaks [13]. While direct investigations into PEG conformations on

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• , volatility, and skin permeation of the active compounds, prolonging the repellent effect due to the controlled release of these compounds [151][152]. The mechanism of action may involve interference with the olfactory system of the mosquitoes, masking host signals and disrupting orientation behavior [147

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• measurements should include more cells to avoid conflicting results for the radial shrinkage. In addition, the original orientation during specimen preparation and imaging should remain traceable in order to differentiate between ab-/adaxial and lateral directions in the resulting images. The tissue average

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• -reinforced polypropylene and exhibits a continuously graded mistletoe-inspired V-shaped interface. Microtomographic analyses quantified the gradual transition of the glass fiber content along one specimen from 0 to 30%, further revealing the random fiber orientation in the polymer matrix. Tensile tests

• and the glass fibers [42][43]. All scans reveal the random orientation of the glass fibers in the PP matrix, with small areas of identical orientation being explained by the fiber alignment in the raw pellets (Figure 4C). Some distinct bright areas are visible at the edges of the specimen (Figure 4B

• the data sheet values were obtained by testing injection-molded test specimens, whereas our specimens were produced by hot pressing. Each method has an effect on the direction of the glass fibers; injection molding results in an anisotropic orientation of the fibers, whereas hot pressing results in

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• magnetic behavior of the cobalt crystallite was considered in two stages. At the first stage (50 ps), relaxation of the system was performed, which resulted in mutual ordering of the spins of the atoms and orientation of the magnetization vector of the whole crystallite in some specific direction. At the

• the symmetry of the modeled crystalline structures, the joint orientation of magnetic moments of atoms and their way of turning on the boundary, the types of domain walls may differ. For example, Bloch-type domain walls, Neel-type domain walls, walls with reduced angle, and cylindrical domain walls

• shows the orientation of atomic spins obtained by numerical simulation after the relaxation and equilibration of the system. As can be seen in Figure 7, the reversal of the magnetic moments of individual atoms occurs in the plane of the nanofilm. After the reversal, the spins of the atoms are oriented

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• ladder-like structure requires adjusting the scanning speed and step size between successive scans. Figure 4 shows the LSFL perpendicular to the incident beam polarization, with the HSFL forming deep inside the grooves of the LSFL. The orientation of these embedded HSFL is perpendicular to the LSFL and

• subsequently displays a decline with further increases in wavelength. This decline is less pronounced compared to our previous report, as we maintained a constant incident power. The HSFL variation trend is very similar to the LSFL trend, as evident from Figure 6, but their orientation is perpendicular to the

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• higher electrodeposition current densities, suggesting preferential growth along the crystallographic direction. Higher deposition currents influence ion migration rates and nucleation kinetics, potentially leading to a preferential orientation along the (040) plane. The intensity and sharpness of the

• effects of enhanced crystallinity, film morphology, and preferential crystal orientation. As shown in the XRD patterns (Figure 1), BiVO4(326) displays the most intense (121) and (040) diffraction peaks among all the samples, suggesting preferred growth along these planes, which are known to facilitate

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• , optical absorption, and optical conductivity of the ZnS NT-CP system. Our findings reveal that the interaction between CP and ZnS NT induces notable changes in the electronic and optical properties of the nanotube, including a substantial bandgap reduction of up to ≈40% for the specific orientation A. The

• electronic charge transfer from CP to ZnS NT for each molecule orientation (see below Table 4). The corresponding charge transfers are 0.073e, 0.095e, 0.109e, and 0.06e for orientations A, B, C, and D, respectively. The electronic charge transfer led by the weak physisorption phenomenon plays a critical role

• evident from the band spectra and highlights the electronic interaction between CP and ZnS NT. The most prominent reduction of 40% is observed for orientation A. The decrease in the bandgap implies improved electronic conductivity of ZnS NT upon exposure to CP. The PDOS profiles show additional peaks in

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• direction of the scanning in relation to the orientation of the bacteria. Especially at the edges, the influence of the finite 3D size and angle of the AFM tip became evident because indentation can take place perpendicularly, along the longer axis of PA, or in an intermediate diagonal direction of the

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• to reorganize and form a regular crystal structure. To determine the degree of the preferential orientation, the texture factor (f) was estimated using the Lotgering method. A value of f = 0 indicates a random orientation, while f = 1 testifies the perfect orientation for the calculated plane [33][34

• ][35]. For the annealed TiO2 thin films, the preferred orientation was calculated for the (004) lattice plane. The highest value of texture factor was determined for the film prepared without IBAD and was equal to 0.834. In the case of films prepared with additional ion beam assistance, the Lotgering

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• , the relative orientation between neighboring molecules. A sharp absorption peak at 680 nm of isolated molecules was not observed, confirming that AlClPc dispersed as nanoparticles in water. The slight change in spectral shape over time (Figure 2d) is probably due to the change in molecular packing

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• to σ*(C=O) transitions, respectively [26][27][28]. It is also found that P3 and P4 show no X-ray incident angle dependence, which suggests that oxygen functional groups attached to graphene have no particular orientation distribution. Cs adsorption The electronic structure of Cs-adsorbed SLGO was

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• materials is achieved through the selection and combination of a range of techniques, including the manipulation of atoms and molecules, physical and chemical material transformation, self-assembly and self-organization, orientation and organization by external forces and fields, micro- and nanoscale

• crystal nanoarchitectonics Liquid crystals are an attractive form of soft materials, characterized by a combination of moderate fluidity and orientation [223][224][225]. They exhibit a high degree of diversity with regard to both the type of phase and the size of the regular structures. Furthermore, they

• treatment enabled the axis of linearly polarized electroluminescence to be rotated by 90°. These findings suggest that the molecular chirality, in conjunction with the tilted orientation of the chromophores within the liquid crystal molecules, induces a macroscopic electric polarization, resulting in a bulk

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• metabolically driven vibration modes [47], ferroelectricity [48], resonant ionic conductance, and memristive behaviour [49]. Mitochondrial morphodynamics respond to the proximity and orientation of microtubules. Non-spherical mitochondria near microtubules align their long axes with those of the microtubules

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• ) reconstructed unit cell from STM imaging [33]. With the surface orientation established, the sublattices can be identified through a distance-dependent analysis of NC-AFM images [10], and corresponding model drawings of the CaF2(111) surface geometry are superimposed on the image data. To improve the signal-to

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• of diamond surfaces is important for many applications, which require the formation of thin conductive electrodes on dielectric substrates. Transition metal catalysts can facilitate the graphitization process, which depends on the diamond face orientation. In the present work, the role of a nickel

• coating on the electronic structure and chemical state of graphite layers formed on the surface of a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) film with mixed grain orientation was studied. A synthetic single-crystal diamond (SCD) with a polished (110) face was examined for comparison. The samples were coated with a

• fine structure (NEXAFS) methods. XPS data revealed the formation of a thin graphite-like film with low-ordered atomic structure on the surface of the nickel-coated PCD film. The chemical state of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms was found to be insensitive to the face orientation of the diamond micro-sized

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• structural stability of the material [22][23][24]. The orientation of the carbon component in the hybrid can also affect the electrochemical processes. For example, interlayer-expanded MoS2 nanosheets vertically anchored on graphene film and carbon fibers showed a good rate performance in SIBs [25][26]. It

• was shown that carbon coating on MoS2 particles prevents their aggregation, increases conductivity and reduces structural expansion during electrochemical cycling [21][27]. Hybrid materials consisting of vertically oriented MoS2 layers and graphitic carbon coating with horizontal layer orientation

• remain poorly understood with respect to sodium-ion storage behavior. Comprehensive studies in this direction are needed. In this work, a thin MoS2 film with vertically aligned layers was coated by a thin film of pyrolytic carbon (PyC) with predominantly horizontal orientation of graphitic domains. The

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• surfaces. The characterization of the building blocks is of paramount importance to deeply understand their functionalities and mutual interactions when they are part of a nanostructured body. The building blocks may differ in their atomic structure, crystallographic orientation, chemical composition, and

• of (Ni,Fe)4Se5 (Figure 1g,h). The identical orientation of the (Ni,Fe)4Se5 crystals indicates that they have undergone coherent coupling with the lattice of the main crystal. The SPEM technique enables the determination of both the composition of inclusions and the shape of the valence band (Figure

• Ni3+ to reach charge neutrality. Additionally, NiO exhibits a wide bandgap, which also prompts considerable research interest. The properties of NiO are highly dependent on the synthesis method, owing to the variable dimensionality, morphology, crystalline orientation, and defect structure [44

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• materials science, biology, and nanotechnology. Experimental Polymer blend samples We used F14H20 samples that we bought from SPM Labs LLC, Tempe, AZ, USA. Microcapacitors Si wafers “CZ” were bought from “Si-Mat” with a diameter of 150 mm, ⟨100⟩ surface orientation, a thickness of 675 ± 20 μm, a resistivity

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• the section bound to the surface. This leads to proper antibody orientation such that the entire antigen binding site is available for adequate biorecognition [44]. No significant peak-to-peak separation change was observed in the CV analysis after immobilization of mAbs and blocking with bovine serum

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• expected to be influenced by the asymmetric charge distribution at the pore edges, which could affect its orientation and subsequently impact the dynamics of water flow through the pore. In our study, we examined four different initial orientations for water adsorption: (1) The plane containing the water

• hydrogen atoms directed away from the monolayer (Figure 4d). For each orientation, the water molecule was initially positioned at the geometrical center of the pore, at distances of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 Å above the h-BN monolayer, as shown in Figure 4. After geometry optimization, we observed that in

• final geometries for each orientation (i.e., similar OH and H–H distances) regardless of the initial height. Correspondingly, the adsorption energy values are also similar, approximately −2.83, −2.93, and −2.92 eV for orientations 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In contrast, the optimized geometries and