Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• also discussed in several of our past papers [42][43][44][45][46]. Exemplarily, Figure 3 shows the behavior in an achiral silica aerogel. Because of the large pore size, the spin probe behaves almost like in a free solution. The spectra recorded at T = 273 K are characteristic of a freely rotating 3CP

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• pores. The pore formation on the shell surface is a potential mechanism for regulating the release of the core content [56][57]. A biomedical scaffold must possess suitable pore size and a high level of porosity. The porosity of the scaffold in tissue engineering applications should be adequate. A study

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• , and the main mechanism involved electrostatic attractions between the positive charge of MPs and negatively charge of GAC [58]. Metal-organic frameworks. MOFs are highly ordered crystalline materials characterized by high porosity and large surface area (Figure 3). Their pore size, volume, and

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• pore size) and stored at room temperature. The hydrophilic nature of PES facilitates filtration of lipid-based nanoemulsions, while potential retention of larger or deformable droplets may occur without compromising overall stability. Surfactant concentration in the pre-formulations Pre-nanoemulsions

• through 0.22 μm PES membranes demonstrates the viability of this method for ophthalmic use. PES membranes are hydrophilic, have low lipid affinity, reduce fouling, and are compatible with aqueous nanoemulsions. Although droplet size was below the pore size, larger or aggregated droplets might be retained

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• for different types of MPs. Nanoparticle-based membranes and membrane processes: Membranes function as selective barriers that permit the passage of specific substances, while blocking others. Based on pore size, membranes are generally classified into four main categories: ultrafiltration (UF

• results in a large specific surface area, which in turn offers the potential to control membrane pore size and enhance the removal efficiency of nanoparticles and MPs. Membranes developed using MOF-based nanomaterials offer scalable control over surface charge and pore size, enabling high separation

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• Ultura DLD system (Kratos, UK), and the binding energies were calibrated to C 1s = 284.8 eV. The specific surface area and pore size were analyzed using low-temperature N2 adsorption–desorption measurements conducted with an ASAP 2460 (USA). The absorption spectrum of the sample was acquired through UV

• pore size distribution, which shows a sharp peak at approximately 4.0 nm, suggesting a uniform pore size. The corresponding pore size distribution curve (Figure 3b, inset) indicates a mesoporous structure. Before calcination, the BET surface area of the titanate on carbon cloth was found to be 3.9 m2·g

• . (b) Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm of CC/NW-450 °C. The inset shows the corresponding pore size distribution curve. XPS spectra of CC/NW-450 °C and CC/HTNW. (a) Survey spectra and detailed XPS spectra of (b) C 1s, (c) O 1s, and (d) Ti 2p. (a) Photocatalytic degradation of

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• unchanged, leading to no significant differences in the transport properties of the membranes. The consistent pore size and structure ensure that the water flux and salt rejection rates remain similar across the modified and unmodified membranes. The combined effects of these factors result in minimal

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• that the pore size can be precisely controlled during synthesis, MSiNPs are widely applied for delivering drugs to targeted sites, particularly in cancer and infectious diseases [88][89]. In addition, MSiNPs can be further enhanced by surface modifications, such as the attachment of polyethyleneimine

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• distribution of PG-CDs-AgNPs was responsible for the enhanced surface area [35]. The pore size distribution plot of PG-CDs-AgNPs suggests the mesoporous characteristics (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1b), which, via the diffusion of electrolyte ions, is highly efficient for electrochemical charge

• Information Supporting Information File 2: Experimental procedures including materials details and characterizations; Schematic representation; BET isotherm and pore size distribution plot; SEM, EDX, and elemental mapping of PG-CDs-AgNPs; ASC device fabrication method; Table for the comparison of cyclic

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• values. Although only three pores are shown, they illustrate the larger size variation in PECVD SiO2 compared to the uniform pore size in thermal SiO2. From SEM measurements, the standard deviation in the pore radius was measured to be ≈1.8 nm for thermal SiO2 but ≈8 nm for PECVD SiO2. The reader must

• other systems, the pore size homogeneity in thermal SiO2 is exceptional. In PECVD SiO2 samples, nanopores fabricated using 185 MeV Au ion irradiation show slightly larger cone angles compared to those created with 89 MeV and 1.6 GeV Au ions. This variation may result from sample-to-sample difference

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• cellular responses. These membranes can be tailored with a diverse range of fibers, weights, densities, porosities, pore size distributions, chemical compositions, morphologies, hardness levels, and elastic properties [65][66]. Importantly, electrospun membranes and the ECM share substantial structural and

• . Although electrospun SF nanofibers are highly biocompatible, their tiny pore size inhibits cell penetration. To solve this, sodium chloride crystals of various sizes were incorporated into the nanofibers during fabrication, resulting in increased pore size. The wound healing properties of the 3D SF

• models using permeable freeze-dried silk, a highly porous sponge with an adequate pore size is crucial for controlling cell migration and proliferation, particularly when the objective is to generate a dermally well-vascularized layer [105]. The most common approach for constructing a double-layer skin

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• used for nanoparticle preparation. The nanoscale size is particularly important in mucoadhesive systems designed for gastric delivery because of the mesh-like structure of gastric mucus. Since the pore size in gastric mucus is around 500 nm [9], the smaller the nanoparticle, the better the mucus

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• sensitive compounds [3]. Electrospun nanofibers exhibit a large surface area, high porosity, and small pore size, making them useful for a wide range of applications, as shown in Figure 1. Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) electrospun nanofibers have many applications, including water treatment, biomedical

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• selectivity. In contrast, inorganic membranes are rigid with small, uniform pores, offering high selectivity but only modest permeability [70]. For both membrane types, increased uniformity in pore size distribution and greater pore rigidity generally enhance selectivity [70][71][72]. Typically, inorganic

• described in section 2, engineering the MOF pore size is pivotal for enabling CO2 capture based on size exclusion. This property can be controlled by the choice of the organic linker, that is, via isoreticular expansion. This method involves selecting a linker with a different size but a similar molecular

• -labile linkers that can be labilized and cleaved provides a way to expand or contract MOF pores post-synthetically in a controlled manner [107][108]. In addition, the choice of metal ion comprising the MOF nodes may also be altered to change the MOF pore size, though this may lead to changes in the

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• -loaded samples. The Al 2p and O 1s XPS spectra of the MOR-L compound are given for comparison. The inset in (a) shows the decomposition of the Al 2p spectrum for Ti-W24h-C. (a, b) Nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K, (c, d) pore size distribution and pore volume in calcined nanocomposites Ti-WNh-C (a

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• with a three-dimensional structure comprising pores and cavities of molecular dimensions. This unique structure enables them to operate as molecular sieves, allowing molecules smaller than the pore size to pass through while blocking the diffusion of larger ones. Furthermore, the physicochemical

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• explained by the influence of the microwave irradiation, which is known to create materials with fewer defects [49]. Porosimetry The nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and pore size distributions are presented in Figure 7. The adsorption and desorption branches for both samples appear to be almost

• parallel in Figure 7. The insets show a wide pore size distribution reaching 120 nm and pore width maxima located in the mesoporosity area for both samples (40 nm for SG and 35–45 nm for MW). Similar textural features for SG and MW samples are presented in Table 3. UV–vis spectroscopy The recorded UV–vis

• vacuum before analysis. Specific surface areas (S-BET) were calculated according to the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) equation, using adsorption data in the relative pressure range between 0.05 and 0.30. The pore size distribution curves were obtained from the desorption data using the BJH (Barrett–Joyner

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• because of their extremely large surface area-to-volume ratio, small pore size, and high porosity. Nanofibers are known to be highly functional systems with the ability to mimic the structure and function of the natural bone matrix, facilitating osteogenesis for cell proliferation and bone regeneration

• mixed polymers, and the formation of highly porous and continuous fibers are the remarkable features of this method. The importance of nanofiber-based scaffolds in bone tissue regeneration is increasing because of suitable pore size, high porosity, osteoinduction, induction of bone growth with

• systems because of their extremely large surface area-to-volume ratio, small pore size, and high porosity. Nanofibers are known to be highly functional systems with the ability to mimic the structure and function of the natural bone matrix and to facilitate osteogenesis for cell proliferation and bone

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• , using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) model, and the total pore volume and pore size distribution, using the Horvath–Kawazoe (HK) model. The samples were activated under vacuum at 150 °C for 12 h before being introduced into the porosity analyzer. CO2 and N2 adsorption test The characteristic

• /desorption isotherms characteristic of type I. Additionally, a pore size distribution was observed with three prominent peaks at approximately 0.62, 1.30, and 1.75 nm within the micropore region defined by IUPAC (less than 2.0 nm), as depicted in Figure 5b. These observations confirm that the reference

• sample has a microporous structure with a BET surface area and a total pore volume of 1825.4 m2·g−1 and 0.772 cm3·g−1, respectively. Similarly, the micropore structures were also determined in the obtained M-100Fe@Fe2O3 samples by examining the profiles of isotherms and pore size distributions. Notably

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• through 0.4 μm and 0.2 μm pore size polycarbonate filters using a thermobarrel extruder (Northern Lipids, Inc. BC, Canada). Free ALN was removed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50. Briefly, aliquots of 300 μL of nanovesicles were poured on a 3 mL syringe packed with Sephadex G-50, centrifuged for 5 min at

• plates by covering them with 10% formaldehyde in PBS for 15 min at room temperature (RT). After removing the fixing buffer carefully, cells were covered with fresh ORO working solution (6 mL of 5 mg/mL ORO in isopropanol stock solution) and 4 mL of distilled water filtered through a 3 μm pore size filter

• Figure 13. Briefly, HUVECs were seeded in EGM-2 medium at a density of 4 × 104/cm2 on ThinCert™ cell culture inserts (12 wells, 0.4 µm pore size PET membrane Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Austria) previously covered with 2% bovine skin gelatin type B and grown for 24 h. Also, 10.5 × 104/cm2 THP-1 macrophages per

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• prepared by the same method used in formulation F, except that the DCS nanocrystals were substituted with the commercial DCS powder. In vitro transdermal delivery study A Strat-M membrane (pore size = 450 nm, Merck KGaA) was mounted on a Franz diffusion cell (PermeGear). The receptor compartment contained

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• improved by using another more accurate sensing system. (3) Because of the pore size of the nanofibres, they cannot be used for the detection of bacteria, rickettsiae, or fungi (i.e., they cannot be used for the detection of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells). They could, therefore, be used for the

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for CO₂ storage: A review

• Ha Huu Do,
• Iqra Rabani and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.79

• , including pore size manipulation, post-synthetic modifications, and composite formation. Finally, the extant challenges and anticipated prospects pertaining to the development of MOF-based nanomaterials for CO2 storage are described. Keywords: CO2 storage; metal-organic frameworks; nanomaterials; open

• metal sites; pore size; Introduction One of the major issues associated with CO2 emissions is the heightened risk of climate change faced by our planet. Furthermore, there is an alarming issue of elevated levels of air pollution affecting human population [1]. One potential solution to address this

• frameworks (MOFs) [11][12][13]. Notably, MOFs constructed from metal ions and organic linkers are expected to be alternative materials to the organic alcohol amines in CCS [14]. These nanosized materials posess unique properties such as ultrahigh surface area, tunable pore size, open metal sites (OMSs), and