Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• compared to their pronounced impact on malignant cell lines, thereby establishing a differential selectivity profile. This differential efficacy suggests considerable potential for NCs to function as targeted therapeutic agents in cancer treatment, demonstrating promising selectivity towards cancerous

• avenue for the development of targeted cancer therapies by leveraging this inherent selectivity. Although direct mechanistic assays such as ROS quantification or apoptosis marker analysis were not performed in this study, previous research on silver-based nanomaterials offers valuable insights into

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• of a surface influences the stereoselectivity of the enantiomers at the surface. Despite the difference in the interaction enthalpies being only in the 1–2 kJ·mol−1 range, an ideal surface would exclusively interact with one enantiomer. However, the question of which selectivity is sufficient or

• available material confirmed the method’s reliability. The data underline how crucial the choice of the right solvent is if one wants to reach sufficient selectivity. Together with a series of custom-made organosilica aerogels, it is shown that adjusting solvent and surface properties so that the two

• enantiomers (+) and (−) experience a different chemical environment is key. Otherwise, there might be a dynamic equilibrium between surface-adsorbed and mobile spin probes without stereodifferentiation. With this knowledge, it was possible to reach higher selectivity values than for the commercial material. A

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• economy in the long term. Nanomaterials with characteristics such as environmental durability and reusability should be considered to improve overall effectiveness. Many recent studies are focusing on porous and hybrid nanomaterials to enhance the efficiency and selectivity of MP removal in water

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• against L. amazonensis promastigotes compared to the 24-hour exposure. Altogether, these results indicate that incorporating PHYT into the nanoemulsion enhances the selectivity of the molecule, potentiating its therapeutic effect while reducing its toxicity toward mammalian cells. This is supported by a

• permeation. Nevertheless, the present findings indicate that entrapment enhances selectivity and therapeutic efficacy of phytol. Therefore, PHYT-NE emerges as a promising and safe alternative for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, warranting additional evaluations to access the scalability potential

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• therapeutics and targeted delivery agents to provide more accurate, efficient and safer diagnosis and treatment options for EC patients. Initially, this review describes the high selectivity and binding ability of aptamers to specific EC markers, showing great potential for early detection of EC and monitoring

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• configuration of the O2H radical could drive the selectivity for 2e− vs 4e− pathway ORR. The APXPS measurements revealed distinct changes in the Co 2p and O 1s core levels consistent with the formation of this reactive intermediate. Figure 2 shows spectroscopic evidence for the O2H–H2O/Co complex, highlighting

• and mechanisms in single-atom catalysis. 2D confined catalysis Confined catalysis is an emerging field that investigates how spatial constraints can influence the efficiency, selectivity, and performance of catalytic reactions. This approach leverages the principles of confinement within various

• surface composition and the catalyst selectivity by observing the gas phase (with a slightly retracted sample). The time evolution of NO and N2 taken from curve fits of the N 1s gas phase spectra (Figure 7D) is shown in (Figure 7F) while the evolution of the dominant surface adsorbate taken from curve

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• Figure 5, it is possible to identify their relationships with cancer control and immunotherapy. For instance, terpenoids such as ursolic acid, oleanollonidamine, exhibit variations in selectivity and potency against cancer cells, depending on the presence of methoxylations at positions 3 and 20 [80][81

• activate the immune system [86][87][88]. Finally, alkaloids and their derivatives, such as lonidamine, exhibit variations in selectivity and potency against cancer cells, depending on the presence and position of hydroxy, methoxy, or alkyl groups, as well as modifications to the nitrogen atom [89][90][91

• inflammatory and oxidative effects, posing a risk to the lungs, liver, and kidneys [27]. Regarding the use of natural products, nanoparticles can increase the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and selectivity of compounds toward cancer cells, thereby improving their solubility and delivery [103]. Moreover

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• water and wastewater [77][78][79][80][81]. However, traditional adsorbents often exhibit limitations such as poor selectivity, low specific surface area, a limited number of active sites, and slow adsorption rate. In addition, regeneration cycles and short adsorption can affect the cost-effectiveness of

• offer a promising approach [55]. Nanoadsorbents possess a higher specific surface area and a large number of active sites, contributing to their rapid processing, enhanced selectivity, and extended adsorption–regeneration cycles [80]. In addition, nanomaterials also exhibit excellent reactivity

• seawater and brackish water [111]. The physical mechanisms involved in the removal of pollutants are schematically represented in Figure 9 and explained in Table 5 [112]. Membrane technology faces a key limitation in balancing selectivity with permeability, often resulting in a compromise between the two

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• water supply methods [13]. Additionally, traditional membranes face challenges such as the trade-off between permeability and selectivity, as well as susceptibility to biological pollution [14][15]. Biofouling, which involves attachment, growth, reproduction, and proliferation of microorganisms on the

• membrane surface, significantly reduces the efficiency of water production [16]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to enhance membrane properties to achieve both high permeability and high selectivity while improving resistance to biological contamination. Antibacterial nanomaterials have garnered

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• selectivity, poor biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, poor water solubility, dose-limiting toxicity, and fast degradation in vivo. We will discuss next the major discoveries in the field of the application of nano-based systems for the targeted delivery of metal complex-based antibiotic compounds, focusing

• activities, recent studies also highlight their increasing potential as antibacterial agents [17]. Regarding the mechanisms of action, gold complexes inhibit thioredoxin reductase, explaining the selectivity of several gold complexes to Gram-positive strains [109]. Furthermore, some gold complexes can

• , improving the therapeutic potential of the Ru metalloantibiotic. Yet another promising nano-based strategy to improve the selectivity index of Ru complexes is microencapsulation. For example, Khelissa et al. reported the microencapsulation of the water-soluble ruthenium(II) complex 20 comprising bioactive

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• trigger controlled drug release, improving selectivity and minimizing off-target effects. Moreover, combining ferroptosis with other therapeutic modalities, such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy, may amplify its antitumor effects. The following section explores these advanced strategies to further

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• selectivity, particularly kinetic selectivity. To address this, we developed a method based on in situ homodyne polarization microscopy (HPM), which is highly sensitive and can detect changes in optical absorption caused by a single carbon nanotube. The technique allows for imaging tens to hundreds of

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• structural organization of the intercellular lipid matrix of the SC [171][172][173]. The poor cutaneous permeability leads to low efficacy [170] and low selectivity [174] of drugs on the skin. Nonetheless, the development of topical delivery systems, such as nanostructured systems, has been qualified as the

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• . Semiconductor nanomaterials such as graphene, B12N12, fullerene C60, carbon nanotubes, WO₃, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, SnO₂, TiO₂, MoS₂, and NiO have been widely employed in gas sensor applications due to their superior selectivity, sensitivity, and response characteristics [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29

• and selectivity for specific gases [36]. These attributes make ZnS NTs highly attractive for diverse applications, including detecting volatile organic compounds, choking and pulmonary toxicants, medical diagnostics, and developing portable and wearable gas sensing devices [18][37][38][39][40][41][42

• could form a surface dipole, enhancing the interaction of the NT with external molecules. Such structural features are particularly relevant for potential applications in gas sensing, where surface interactions play a critical role in sensitivity and selectivity. The adsorption energy Eads for CP with

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• , including selectivity, throughput, and molecular capture. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has proven to be an invaluable tool for characterizing nanopore membranes, offering nondestructive analytical capabilities that yield statistical information of more than 106 pores [6][13][29][40]. With a beam size

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• sensitivity, atomic selectivity, spatial and energy resolution, synchrotron radiation-based techniques, which utilize high-brilliance photon beams, have enabled refined characterization of the electronic, structural, and morphological properties of these materials, as well as the modifications they undergo

• rationalized the observed high activity of the material in direct methanol fuel cells [37]. Regarding the Ni-CeO2−x(111) system, a study of the methanol reaction revealed that the strong metal–support interactions between Ni and CeO2 determines the high selectivity for CO2 production, instead of the formation

• active sites in catalysts is a crucial problem in view of the optimization of catalyst efficiency and selectivity. The possibility of carrying out spectroscopic studies under conditions as close as possible to ambient pressure has largely contributed to this goal. The application of these methods to

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• , electrostatic forces, and van der Waals forces, adsorbed antibiotics may desorb and reenter aquatic environments [12]. Moreover, activated carbon exhibits low selectivity and adsorption capacity. Among novel adsorbents, metal-organic frameworks [13] and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) [14] are

• porosity, enhanced selectivity, more hydrophobicity, and a simple synthesis process, along with cost-efficiency and high adsorption capacity, holds promise as an effective adsorbent for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater. Overall, this study lays the groundwork for future research on synthesizing

• monoaldehydes (e.g., formaldehyde) and other dialdehydes (C2 to C6) [37]. GA and PVA have been used as cross-linking agents in CMC-based materials to enhance selectivity, stability, and mechanical properties [38]. This method is both cost-effective and highly efficient in strengthening materials while improving

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• concentrations. In all experiments, chemical degradation was minimal (<2%), and increased mass concentration of curcumin enabled ultralow by-product formation of 0.01%. The process selectivity against degradation was defined by the application-relevant descriptor of mole degradation per produced submicrometer

• efficiency (higher yield of small particles) but also with a lower chemical degradation in comparison to CBD. This means curcumin LFL has a higher selectivity (produced SMPs versus degradation by-products). Overall, there is a material-dependent difference in the fragmentation process of the two model

• materials, with curcumin not only reaching higher yields but also higher product selectivity. Nevertheless, it is noticeable as a common trend for both model substances that low concentrations (0.01 wt % curcumin or 0.1 wt % CBD) lead to the best increase in fragmentation efficiency, but also result in an

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• polyclonal antibody M94 has demonstrated high selectivity towards pathogenic AβOs, while not recognizing physiological Aβ monomers. This selectivity is vital, as it helps to minimize potential off-target effects and enhances the therapeutic profile of the antibodies [25]. Additionally, the monoclonal

• characteristics enable specific interactions with amyloid fibrils, effectively inhibiting oligomerization and reducing neuronal cell death. Moreover, these NPs can be functionalized with targeted ligands, enhancing their selectivity and efficacy in therapeutic applications aimed at Aβ-induced neurotoxicity

• therapeutic interventions and early diagnostic tools in the fight against AD. Antibody-functionalized nanomaterials for detection and inhibition of AβOs Unmodified NMs often demonstrate limited selectivity and functionality for AβO detection and inhibition, potentially leading to false positives or inadequate

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• and cinnamaldehyde [3][14][15]. Zeolites modified with nickel and cobalt have shown promising results in selective hydrogenation reactions, owing to their high dispersion of active sites and tunable acidity. For instance, a zeolite-supported Ni catalyst has demonstrated selectivity in furfural

• zero was considered at this point. During the catalytic test, the reaction was carried out under constant pressure using a pressure control system. After various reaction times, liquid samples were manually collected and analyzed by gas chromatography to determine conversion and selectivity values. It

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• recent decades, technological advances such as membrane technology and energy recovery equipment have led to a considerable reduction in the energy required to desalinate seawater [2][3]. The proposal to use membranes that exhibit superior selectivity and high water flux has been a major focus for

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• AFM; model catalysts; nc-AFM; operando catalysis; qPlus tuning fork sensor; Introduction Operando catalysis is the field of research that monitors the structure, composition, and morphology of a catalyst while simultaneously investigating its activity, reactivity, and selectivity under industrially

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• synthesized nanoparticles exhibited a distinct colorimetric response to SDS when combined with the Bradford reagent, which acted as a linker molecule. Interference studies demonstrated the high selectivity of the method, even in the presence of various heavy metals and other surfactants. The method showed

• selectivity and sensitivity for SDS detection, making it a promising analytical tool for rapid and onsite estimation. Keywords: Bradford reagent; environmental monitoring; PEG–PCL nanoparticles; SDS; SDS detection; Introduction Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), or sodium lauryl sulfate, is an anionic surfactant

• technique for quantifying surfactants employs ionic electrodes to measure the unknown concentration of the target substance within 30 minutes. However, this method exhibits reduced sensitivity (280–600 µg/mL) and selectivity, rendering it less than optimal for analyzing surfactants in relatively complex