Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• transmission of airborne viruses, such as influenza. Keywords: AFM; humidity; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; nanoparticles; sum frequency generation spectroscopy; viruses; water; wetting; Introduction Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been a staple in biomedical and biophysical research [1][2] for almost a

• viral spikes, which are crucial for virus “survival” during transmission [11][12]. For many, especially mammalian, viruses, transmission occurs in aqueous environments (e.g., Dengue [13] and Ebola [14]), and air humidity does not play any direct role. In contrast, humidity strongly affects the

• transmission of influenza [11][12][15] or SARS-CoV-2 [14] via aerosols. These viruses are enveloped (by glycosylated lipid bilayers) and display very large multimers of nanoscale glycoproteins (i.e., spikes), which control virus attachment and fusion to the host cells [16]. Glycosylation, often with mannosides

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• to prokaryotic cells including microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi [13]. Therefore, silver-based nanoparticles have been the subject of many biomedical studies [14][15][16][17][18]. In a study conducted in this context; the effects of α-AgS nanoparticles produced using the fungus

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• uncontrolled cell growth and their potential to metastasise, poses a significant global health challenge. Numerous preventable factors contribute to cancer, including tobacco use, exposure to viruses, alcohol consumption, ultraviolet radiation (photocarcinogenesis), ionising radiation, poor diet and nutrition

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• ; natural products; Introduction Arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) are viruses transmitted by arthropods, including mosquitoes, sandflies, and ticks. Currently, more than 615 arboviruses have been recognized and reported in the literature. Their transmission cycle typically begins when a vector, such

• viruses, contributing to the spread of various diseases in humans. Among these pathogens, arboviruses form a diverse group of viruses primarily transmitted by arthropods such as mosquitoes, ticks, and flies [38]. More than 500 arboviruses have been identified globally, but only about 150 cause diseases in

• humans. Among them, the Flaviviridae family includes pathogens such as dengue (DENV) and zika (ZIKV) viruses, while Alphaviruses include the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) [39][40]. These viruses are primarily transmitted by the Ae. aegypti mosquito, which relies on humans as its main amplification hosts [2

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• protrusions induced by growth factors, bacteria, viruses, and necrotic cells. These protrusions either collapse into endocytic vesicles or retract into the membrane, fusing with it and forming macropinosomes [80]. CME involves interactions between clathrin-associated adaptors and sorting proteins, forming

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• vaccines and improving their immunogenicity [112]. The presence of viral nucleic acids has been a key concern in medical applications, which limits the use of viruses in living organisms. Virus-like particles are multimeric nanoparticles consisting of viral proteins but lack viral genetic material. Thus

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.16.88 Abstract Climate change has intensified the proliferation of disease vectors, such as Aedes aegypti, the primary transmitter of dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses. Although the two recently licensed dengue vaccines represent a

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS). FCS is commonly heat treated to inactivate mycoplasma and viruses, as well as denature heat labile complement factors without affecting the nutrients needed for cell growth [27]. As some cell lines are sensitive to complement factors, the heat treatment can prevent the

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• . Influenza viruses are capable of evolving at a fast rate; they have a segmented single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome that is devoid of proofreading systems, resulting in a constant accumulation of mutations in their genome [2]. Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and are categorized

• into four groups, namely, influenza A, B, C, and D viruses. The antigenic features of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins on the surface of influenza A viruses are used to further classify the virus into subtypes. Influenza A comprises 18 HA subtypes and 11 NA subtypes, of which

• circulating viruses [55]. Additionally, this characteristic could allow our biosensing platform to be used in mass testing in a short period of time, which is crucial for controlling the spread of a virus among the population. This biosensing platform has the potential to be adapted to target other

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• the structure–function relationships of these surfaces useful for translational approaches. Further general insights into biological principles and their subsequent transfer into biomimetic engineering are provided in a multiscale biological analysis by Amador et al. [6], ranging from viruses to

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• cellular functions. Future developments may see the integration of photothermal nanomaterial therapies with viruses, receptors, antibodies, aptamers, peptides, multifunctional genes, self-assembled DNA structures, and proteins. Given the diversity and adaptability of nanomaterials, it is conceivable to

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• diverse plant organs, such as seeds, fruits, flowers, and leaves, and are involved in the defence of the plant against herbivore animals, fungi, and viruses [112][113]. Phenolic compounds are very abundant substances in seeds, playing an important role in their development and maturation. They are

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• active groups (amino, mercapto, or carboxylic functionalities) to interact with cells, viruses, and bacteria [17][18][20]. Pan et al. [24] developed mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) covalently attached to (i) poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate) for improved stabilization

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• biosensors for accurate detection of viruses [25], cancer [15], proteins [36], DNA, glucose [17], and nucleic acids has been strongly developed [37]. On the other hand, specific biomolecule classifications by microbiologists has led to the realization and development of different biosensors, significantly

• biosensor. 4 Summary and future research works FET-based biosensors have been designed and developed to achieve higher performance and improved sensitivity in detecting various types of species, such as viruses, cancer cells, proteins, DNA, glucose, and nucleic acids. The latest emerging 3D and 2D FET-based

When nanomedicines meet tropical diseases

• Eder Lilia Romero,
• Katrien Van Bocxlaer and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 830–832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.69

• are inadequate in low- and middle-income countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. These pathologies affect over one billion people worldwide and are responsible for thousands of preventable deaths. Caused mostly by viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, and toxins, NTDs can blind, disable, and

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• clinical applications. Immunoassay devices have been used not only for the detection of bacteria and viruses [7], but also for the measurement of drugs [8] and hormones [9], or for the determination of glucose in urine [10]. The specificity of antigen–antibody binding and how the antibody is attached to

• determination of exogenously produced biotoxins and virulence factors, as well as for the detection of viruses and biomarkers in clinical samples (e.g., hormones and biomolecules). (4) The data could be generalised not only for the measurement of warfare agents, but also for the diagnosis of water and food

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• nanocarriers intended for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Keywords: antiparasitic; Curcuma longa; curcuminoids; leishmaniasis; nanocarriers; neglected tropical diseases; Introduction Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) comprise a group of 20 diseases that are caused, in most cases, by viruses, fungi, bacteria

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• system when they reach the end of their lifetime [11][12]. Similar data were reported for nanoparticulate systems [13]. Other examples are viruses [14] and cancer cells which can adapt their mechanical properties multiple times during the process of metastasis formation [15]. Looking at these examples

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• . Therefore, it is anticipated that the concepts presented in this review will stimulate further investigation into MOF-based materials for opto-electrochemical detection of various other analytes (explosives, viruses, and various other emerging contaminants). Review Opto-electrochemical sensors: mechanisms

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• bionanocomposites that display biomimetic and bioinspired characteristics, derived from their biological components (e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes and viruses, etc.) and the inorganic network (e.g., silica and silicates, clay minerals and phosphates) [5][6][7][8]. More complex biohybrid

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• proven to be effective against bacteria and viruses [6][35]. Toxicologists extensively studied silver nanoparticles. Despite studies suggesting a toxicity of silver nanoparticles, this issue is still unresolved [36]. However, silver nanoparticles have become more popular in recent years due to their

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• effective therapeutic strategies in various pathological states of the body [35]. However, the leakiness of vessels, up to tens of micrometers wide, also creates an opening for proteins, bacteria, viruses, or the cells themselves. The bidirectional increased permeability of the endothelial layer in the case

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• also to increase the solubility of the protein through the binding to bulky and apolar side chains. The antiviral activity of modified CyDs towards various viruses has been previously reported as well [108]. 6.2 Molecular imprinting on CyD to bind large drugs It often happens that one CyD molecule is

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• , whether it be medically speaking, in agriculture or simply in built environments. Improving the indoor air quality, while limiting the spread of bacteria, fungi, or viruses on various surfaces has become the focus of many research teams today, especially in the wake of the on-going COVID19 pandemic [1][2

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• against bacteria, protozoa, and viruses [7][8][9][10]. They have been proposed to complement traditional antimicrobials, either to increase their potency or broaden their activity spectrum. Furthermore, their combination with classical antibiotics is considered a promising strategy to combat the ongoing