Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM–EDS). Obtained results were correlated with XAFS and XANES (X-ray absorption fine structure; X-ray absorption near-edge structure) analysis, which helps to determine the position of dopant ions in the cryptomelane structure, as well as the oxidation

• X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) data: K-edge profiles of Mn, Co and Cr for all samples together with the spectrum of the corresponding metal and some of its oxides. Clearly, all Mn sample spectra agree with the MnO2 spectrum [27], the oxidation state of Mn is 4+. Although there was

• depositing a droplet of the dispersion on a lacey-carbon-coated copper grid. The elemental analysis of potassium, sulfur, manganese and cobalt/chromium was performed with the FE-SEM equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). Standard K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) of the

Triptycene-terminated thiolate and selenolate monolayers on Au(111)

• Jinxuan Liu,
• Martin Kind,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Daniel Käfer,
• Stefanie Winkler,
• Wenhua Zhang,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 892–905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.91

• comprehensively studied using ultra-high vacuum infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy. Due to packing effects, the molecules in all monolayers are substantially tilted. In the

• out of ethanolic solution onto Au(111) surfaces. The resulting films were investigated using a complementary set of spectroscopic methods, namely ultra-high vacuum (UHV) infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine

• spectroscopy The near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements were performed at the dipole beamline HE-SGM of the synchrotron storage ring BESSY II in Berlin (Germany). Spectral acquisition was carried out at the C K-edge in the partial electron yield mode with a retarding voltage of −150 V

Cubic chemically ordered FeRh and FeCo nanomagnets prepared by mass-selected low-energy cluster-beam deposition: a comparative study

• Veronique Dupuis,
• Anthony Robert,
• Arnaud Hillion,
• Ghassan Khadra,
• Nils Blanc,
• Damien Le Roy,
• Florent Tournus,
• Clement Albin,
• Olivier Boisron and
• Alexandre Tamion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1850–1860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.177

• . Therefore, we have performed a series of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements on FeCo samples, at both Fe and Co K edges, to describe local order at each atomic site for different cluster sizes. We have had to develop a specific strategy, more complex than for our previous analysis

Scanning probe microscopy studies on the adsorption of selected molecular dyes on titania

• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Lukasz Zajac,
• Piotr Olszowski,
• Res Jöhr,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Bartosz Such,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymonski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1642–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.156

• (PES) and the near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) to investigate the ZnPc/TiO2 system. They conclude that molecules in the first layer bind with the molecular plane 30° from the surface and the tilt angle increases to 33° at higher coverage [51]. However, already the authors suggest

Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• galvanostatic charge–discharge tests and ex situ X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, the as-prepared zinc ferrite nanocrystals can be used as a high-capacity anode material for Li-ion batteries, showing little capacity fade – after activation – over hundreds of cycles. Overall, in addition to the

• transmission X-ray microscopy using a Carl Zeiss TXM and the corresponding data treatment steps are described elsewhere [25]. To determine the oxidation state of Fe, several different Fe-based compounds were measured and used as the references. The fitting of X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra is

• further insight into both the electrochemical reactions of ZFO with Li and the oxidation state of Fe, combined full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was conducted on “pristine” and pre-cycled nanoparticle electrodes at the NANO

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO₂ nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

• Protima Rauwel,
• Augustinas Galeckas,
• Martin Salumaa,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

• is manifested as a broad hump starting above 288 eV and extending up to 305 eV, corresponding to the C 1s → σ* transition for disordered carbon–carbon bonds. On a similar note, other noticeable features are usually observed via X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in the region between π* and σ

Frog tongue surface microstructures: functional and evolutionary patterns

• Thomas Kleinteich and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.81

• lacunae in the remainder species and show a strong X-ray absorption contrast (Figure 4C). Muscle fibers run in-between these spherical structures towards the dorsal surface of the tongue in C. ornata. In Oophaga histrionica, we were not able to identify lacunae underneath the surface papillae by using

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• studies revealed an increased stability of the tripodal contact [72][73] and surface analysis by scanning probe methods [74][85][86] or X-ray absorption techniques [84][88][89] revealed an enlarged separation due to the increased footprint of the tripod. Further evidences for a perpendicular arrangement

• were characterized by XPS, Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), and a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) analysis. As revealed by XPS and NEXAFS analysis, the monolayers derived from the thiol-terminated

Core-level spectra and molecular deformation in adsorption: V-shaped pentacene on Al(001)

• Anu Baby,
• He Lin,
• Gian Paolo Brivio,
• Luca Floreano and
• Guido Fratesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2242–2251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.230

• hole. This destabilization depends on the ionized carbon atom, inducing a narrowing of the XPS spectrum with respect to the molecules adsorbed hypothetically undistorted, in full agreement to experiments. When looking instead at the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra, individual

• splitting of the sigma resonances measured along the two in-plane molecular axes. Keywords: aluminum; density functional theory (DFT); near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS); pentacene; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); Introduction Pentacene has been studied extensively as it is a

Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka,
• Witold Lojkowski,
• Wojciech Knoff,
• Malgorzata I. Lukasiewicz,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin T. Klepka,
• Tomasz Story and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1957–1969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.200

• heating cycle in the Magnum II reactor. After cooling, the sample volume was filled to 50 mL with deionized water. EXAFS investigations of Zn1−xCoxO The local atomic structure of Co in Zn1−xCoxO NPs with concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10% and 15% Co were determined from the extended X-ray absorption fine

• -ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and with magnetometry using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Irrespective of the Co content, nanoparticles in their initial state present a similar

• annealed at 800 °C in nitrogen (99.999%) and in synthetic air. The material nanostructure was investigated by means of the following techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), helium pycnometry density, specific surface area (SSA), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), extended X

Possibilities and limitations of advanced transmission electron microscopy for carbon-based nanomaterials

• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1541–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.158

• is encompassed within the valence-loss region of an EELS spectrum. In combination with theoretical calculations and simulations detailed local information can be obtained. EELS is close to near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) analysis used to probe electronic states [88]. One major

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Magnetic properties of self-organized Co dimer nanolines on Si/Ag(110)

• Lisa Michez,
• Kai Chen,
• Fabien Cheynis,
• Frédéric Leroy,
• Alain Ranguis,
• Haik Jamgotchian,
• Margrit Hanbücken and
• Laurence Masson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 777–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.80

• nanolines X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) spectra were recorded at normal incidence in a magnetic field of 6 T for parallel (σ+) and antiparallel (σ−) alignment of the X-ray helicity with respect to the sample magnetization. Magnetic hysteresis measurements at the L3 resonance confirm that the sample

Statistics of work and orthogonality catastrophe in discrete level systems: an application to fullerene molecules and ultra-cold trapped Fermi gases

• Antonello Sindona,
• Michele Pisarra,
• Mario Gravina,
• Cristian Vacacela Gomez,
• Pierfrancesco Riccardi,
• Giovanni Falcone and
• Francesco Plastina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.78

• initial unperturbed one, as the number of particles approaches the thermodynamic limit. This orthogonality catastrophe predicted by Anderson [5] was first witnessed by the anomalous response of conduction electrons to core level ionization through X-ray absorption, and the subsequent emission of a core

• , i.e., a two-level impurity [31][32]. Furthermore the intrinsic out-of-equilibrium dynamics induced by the impurity has been thoroughly analyzed by treating the quench as a thermodynamic transformation [33], and using the full statistics of the work done on the gas [34][35]. Interestingly enough, X-ray

• absorption and emission spectra from noninteracting quantum dots have been interpreted in terms of the quantum work distribution, and linked to the corresponding fluctuation relations in statistical mechanics [36]. To explore more of such a connection, we present here a comparison of the statistics of the

Overview of nanoscale NEXAFS performed with soft X-ray microscopes

• Peter Guttmann and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 595–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.61

• be analysed. Therefore, analytical tools like near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy has to be applied on single nanostructures. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopes (STXM) as well as full-field transmission X-ray microscopes (TXM) allow the required spatial resolution to

• (i.e., up to 10 µm) specimens in materials and biological sciences using photon energies that covers the K- and L-X-ray absorption edges of elements of major interest [2][3][4][5]. High-photon energy X-ray diffraction used in operando studies can correlate changes in size of the unit cell of catalysts

• approach to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. Parallel to the development of novel synchrotron sources, the nanoscale of the current technologies triggered the revision of X-ray absorption spectroscopy [9][10] or photoelectron spectroscopy [11][12] techniques. These techniques can be used to study the

Overview about the localization of nanoparticles in tissue and cellular context by different imaging techniques

• Anja Ostrowski,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Alexander Boreham,
• Cornelia Holzhausen,
• Lars Mundhenk,
• Christina Graf,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Annika Vogt,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Ulrike Alexiev and
• Achim D. Gruber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 263–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.25

• resolution down to 10 nm [144]. The various capabilities of full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) include 3D tomography, quantification of absorption, and chemical identification through X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure imaging [143]. Gold NP were visualized in mice by

• local distribution of zinc in the cells and micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy allowed for the identification of different zinc species present in the sample [144]. Others used STXM and compact source transmission X-ray microscopy for subcellular imaging of vascular smooth

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of graphitic carbon nanomaterials doped with heteroatoms

• Toma Susi,
• Thomas Pichler and
• Paola Ayala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 177–192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.17

• double-walled carbon nanotubes, and for N-MWCNTs and N-graphene restrict ourselves to summarize studies in which synchrotron radiation or an additional complementary technique (such as STM, EELS or X-ray absorption spectroscopy) was used for probing the doping. Table 2 contains our survey, with both the

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• electrochemical stripping. Yet there has been no published data on the issue of phosphoric adsorption from this setup. X-ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate the adsorption of phosphoric acid species on platinum Very recently, Kaserer et al. [63] published a study on the catalyst poisoning effect of H3PO4

• in HT-PEM by using in operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) incorporating the Δμ technique. The goal of this study was also to investigate phosphoric acid adsorption on platinum in a real fuel cell. The technique is capable to determine adsorbates on the platinum catalyst particles by

• poisoning of Pt-alloy catalysts in the presence of phosphoric acid, Mukerjee and co-workers [64] conducted in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments. Similar to the previously described study [63], they investigated adsorbates on the catalyst surface by interpreting the X-ray near edge structure

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

• Isabel Schick,
• Steffen Lorenz,
• Dominik Gehrig,
• Stefan Tenzer,
• Wiebke Storck,
• Karl Fischer,
• Dennis Strand,
• Frédéric Laquai and
• Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

• resonance. Additionally, the gold nanoparticles exhibit a strong X-ray absorption, which can be used to increase the contrast in CT diagnostics [90], as shown by the combination of gold nanoparticles with iron oxide to create multifunctional hetero-nanoparticles for simultaneous MRI and CT imaging [66][91

Advances in NO₂ sensing with individual single-walled carbon nanotube transistors

• Kiran Chikkadi,
• Matthias Muoth,
• Cosmin Roman,
• Miroslav Haluska and
• Christofer Hierold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2179–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.227

• –SWNT system by utilizing metallicity-sorted, ultrapure carbon nanotubes. They used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to investigate the nature of bonding and chemical interaction. Their conclusions, supported by theoretical calculations, are that the process

UHV deposition and characterization of a mononuclear iron(III) β-diketonate complex on Au(111)

• Irene Cimatti,
• Silviya Ninova,
• Valeria Lanzilotto,
• Luigi Malavolti,
• Luca Rigamonti,
• Brunetto Cortigiani,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Elena Magnano,
• Federica Bondino,
• Federico Totti,
• Andrea Cornia and
• Roberta Sessoli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2139–2148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.223

• Au 4f7/2 peak at 80.04 eV. UPS spectra were calibrated such that the Fermi level was located at 0 eV. X-ray absorption spectroscopy The deposition was prepared by drop-casting using a 2 mM dichloromethane solution on a gold film grown on mica. The Fe L2,3 XMCD measurements were performed in total

• column. (a) Bias = −1.5 eV (filled states); size = 17.31 × 14.99 Å2. (b), (c) Bias = 2 eV (empty states); size = 14.44 × 14.99 Å2. X-ray absorption spectra for a bulk sample of Fe(dpm)3 acquired using the left (σ+) and right (σ−) circular polarisation (upper panel) and the derived XMCD% spectrum

Cathode lens spectromicroscopy: methodology and applications

• T. O. Menteş,
• G. Zamborlini,
• A. Sala and
• A. Locatelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1873–1886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.198

• , synchrotron sources greatly extend the application field of XPEEM instruments, which can achieve chemical, magnetic and electronic structure contrast through the implementation of the most popular photoelectron spectroscopies such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and

• angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) [5]. XAS based methods. XAS is the only method readily available when using the basic XPEEM instrument installed at a synchrotron beamline with a monochromator in place. Among the variety of detection methods to measure X-ray absorption [18], the

Electron-beam induced deposition and autocatalytic decomposition of Co(CO)₃NO

• Florian Vollnhals,
• Martin Drost,
• Fan Tu,
• Esther Carrasco,
• Andreas Späth,
• Rainer H. Fink,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1175–1185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.129

• nitrosyl, Co(CO)3NO. Different deposits are prepared on silicon nitride membranes and silicon wafers under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, and are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), including near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS

• interferometric control through the focal spot, while the transmitted photon intensity is recorded by using a photo multiplier tube. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra were recorded by consecutive scanning of the investigated area with varying photon energy. The lateral resolution in

• more pronounced. (a) Co L-edge X-ray absorption spectra of deposits prepared on a Si3N4 membrane by EBID (0.2 C/cm2) plus autocatalytic growth using Co(CO)3NO, with different growth times (indicated by colors); the spectra were vertically shifted to a common pre-edge baseline. (b) L3 edge of the

Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

• -diamine and terephthaloyl dichloride to grow semi-aromatic polyamide thin films. The highest achieved growth rate of this type of polyamide on Si(100) substrates was only 2 Å per cycle at 85 °C. The near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy measurements showed that the oligomer units of the

Classical molecular dynamics investigations of biphenyl-based carbon nanomembranes

• Andreas Mrugalla and
• Jürgen Schnack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.98

• displacements about their mean positions. Interestingly a tilt angle of γ = 31° with respect to the surface normal, which is close to the ideal one of 30°, was determined by means of near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) investigations on pristine monolayers [1][4][27]. This angle seems to increase