Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• ]. Polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and carbon-based structures such as carbon nanotubes are very promising when it comes to delivering drugs and genes to certain parts of the body [3]. Conversely, metallic nanoparticles such as gold and iron oxide, and fluorescent quantum dots have applications in

• their controlled release. They are also being investigated as gene delivery agents since they can transport DNA or RNA, making them a potential candidate for therapies such as gene therapy and RNA-based vaccines [11]. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes have revealed promising results in targeted delivery

• . Drugs or genetic material can be carried by these cylindrical nanoparticles and directed towards specific cells through external stimuli such as a magnetic field or light [12]. A new nanoscale drug delivery system has been developed by using carbon nanotubes and a carbon nanotube–graphene hybrid to more

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• (TEM, JEM-1400, Japan). For TEM analysis, a droplet of the nanoparticle dispersion was deposited onto a 3 mm copper grid and allowed to dry at room temperature. For FESEM analysis, the dried sample was mounted on conductive carbon tape and imaged at an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. TEM imaging was

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• yields by 30–81%, even under high MP contamination levels (up to five times that of biochar-modified bacteria). Additionally, biochar enhances Olsen-P availability by 46.6%, increases soil organic carbon in microaggregates by 35.7%, and reduces antibiotic resistance genes by promoting beneficial microbes

• aquatic systems, reinforcing the importance of targeted remediation approaches. To address MP contamination, various adsorbent materials have been investigated. Granular activated carbon at a concentration of 1.5 g/L has demonstrated adsorption efficiencies of up to 90% for MP fragments and fibers

• combined with fluidized bed treatment achieved 99.2% MP removal, while granular activated carbon coupled with a fixed-column system attained 95.2% removal efficiency [15][16]. Biochar (BC) has emerged as a promising material for environmental remediation, offering benefits such as pollutant adsorption

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• portable and reliable devices [6]. Contemporary nanoscale biosensors are engineered for diverse applications, employing a variety of materials and design architectures to optimize performance and functionality. For example, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are categorized as either single-walled or multiwalled

• electrode. (c) EDS elemental characterization of the copper deposition in panel b (from top to down: copper, platinum, and carbon). (a) Selected differential potential voltammetry (DPV) curves for dopamine detection. (b) Peak current analysis after baseline subtraction for logarithmic fitting. (c

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• lifespan of the membranes. The widely used antimicrobial nanoparticles can be categorized based on their composition and properties as follows: metallic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, oxide nanoparticles, and composite nanomaterials. Zheng’s group used an in situ synthesis method to embed AgNPs

• photocatalytic properties of TiO2, which generate ROS that degrade bacterial membranes [23]. Yang and Wang’s group introduced carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a mixed cellulose esters (MCE) membrane to create a robust porous bi-layered photothermal membrane (CNT@PEI/MCE) for efficient solar-driven interfacial water

• structures of the three membranes remain unchanged, as confirmed by 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy (Figure 2a). The chemical shift at 172 ppm is attributed to the sp2-hybridized carbon of the carbonyl group in the acetyl group (–COOCH3), while the chemical shifts at 20.3, 62.9, and 72.4 ppm correspond to

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• unclear and controversial. Also, peroxidation of their membrane phospholipid, cardiolipin, has not been observed in ferroptosis. Nevertheless, it may theoretically play a unique role as it contributes to metabolic functions such as the ETC carbon transfer chain. Also, mitochondria can support the process

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• Vladimir Pimonov Said Tahir Vincent Jourdain Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France 10.3762/bjnano.16.96 Abstract This study addresses the challenge of analyzing the growth kinetics of carbon nanotubes using in situ homodyne polarization microscopy (HPM) by

• can be adapted for other types of in situ microscopy studies, emphasizing the importance of automation in high-throughput data acquisition for research on individual nano-objects. Keywords: carbon nanotubes growth kinetics; deep learning; in situ microscopy; object recognition and tracking

• ; polarization microscopy; Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), discovered over three decades ago, continue to present unresolved questions and challenges. Their exceptional properties, both theoretically [1][2] and experimentally demonstrated [3], make them desirable for electronic and optical devices

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

•  10f–h exhibits the EDS spectra of three different regions of the untreated surface, highlighting the presence of Cr, Fe, Ni, Mg, and C. However, magnesium and carbon are comparatively lower in abundance and not uniformly distributed in the unablated sample, and these peaks do not appear after the

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• phenytoin showed drug release improvement, skin adherence, and increased content of both collagen fibers and fibroblasts in the wound tissue during the healing process in rats [40]. Liang et al., (2019) developed hydrogels composed of gelatin-grafted dopamine/chitosan/polydopamine-coated carbon nanotubes

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• . Semiconductor nanomaterials such as graphene, B12N12, fullerene C60, carbon nanotubes, WO₃, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, SnO₂, TiO₂, MoS₂, and NiO have been widely employed in gas sensor applications due to their superior selectivity, sensitivity, and response characteristics [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29

• composites with other materials, such as carbon nanotubes, to optimize performance [26]. Furthermore, the flexible synthesis of ZnS NTs with controlled morphology and size allows for tailoring their sensing capabilities. External stimuli combined with machine learning can further enhance their sensitivity

• (Orientation B), (iv) CP adsorbed ZnS NT (Orientation C), and (v) CP adsorbed ZnS NT (Orientation D). Yellow and light grey spheres represent sulfur and zinc atoms, respectively, while red, green, blue, and dark grey spheres indicate oxygen, chlorine, nitrogen, and carbon atoms of the CP molecule. Band

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• graphitic carbon coatings. The discovery of the structure-directing mechanism allows one to select between crystalline or amorphous HEA NP products, simply by choice of the laser pulse duration in the same, well-scalable setup, giving access to colloidal particles that can be further downstream processed to

• heterogeneous catalysts, colloids are more flexible as the support material is not predefined by the synthesis route but can be freely chosen. This may be highly relevant as previous studies report on the facile supporting of laser-generated NPs onto multiple carrier materials such as carbon [33][34][35], metal

• . Furthermore, metalloid elements, such as phosphorous, silicon, boron, and carbon were shown to retard crystallization and favor the formation of long-range disordered structures. Organic solvent molecules used in LSPC can serve as a carbon source which strongly affects the stabilization of amorphous

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• revealed that the principal element within the nanosphere was gold with very small contributions from carbon, oxygen, and potassium (Supporting Information File 1, Section S13, Figure S11d). We conclude the nanospheres are solid, nearly spherical and predominantly composed of crystalline gold, which

• model. This will then enable more quantitatively accurate measurements in both spectromicroscopy and biomedical imaging. Experimental The measured data [35] were obtained by allowing both 60 nm gold nanospheres and 270 nm gold shells from a colloidal gold suspension to dry onto holey carbon-coated gold

• that must ultimately be incorporated into the model. Data processing workflow. A full-field in-focus image is shown from the 3D image stack. Large circles are holes in the carbon foil of the grid. Red arrows point to selected 60 nm gold nanospheres and blue arrows to selected 270 nm gold shells

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• deposition; electronic state analysis; graphene oxide; X-ray absorption fine structure; Introduction Graphene oxide (GO) is oxidized graphene and its surface and periphery are partially modified by epoxy, hydroxy, and carboxy functional groups [1][2]. GO can be thinned to a monolayer of one carbon atom and

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• , Masiarska 74 St., 04001 Košice, Slovakia Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon & P. Ralli, Egaleo 12241, Athens, Greece 10.3762/bjnano.16.76 Abstract Recent advances in nanocomposite technology, particularly the incorporation of carbon nanotubes, have shown promise in

• enhancing the properties of biodegradable polymers. This study investigated the effect of a 0.5 wt % addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) (BioPBS) using a masterbatch-based melt compounding method. The incorporation of MWCNTs enhanced the

• of MWCNTs to tailor the properties of BioPBS for specific applications, such as in the packaging, automotive, and biomedical industries, where both biodegradability and enhanced material performance are desirable. Keywords: melt compounding; multiwalled carbon nanotubes; poly(butylene succinate

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• of Korea 10.3762/bjnano.16.71 Abstract Herein, biowaste- (from Pongammia pinnata leaves) derived carbon dots (CDs) have been utilized as a mediator for the production of silver nanoparticles (PG-CDs-AgNPs) as a superior supercapacitor electrode. The methodology presented here is inexpensive and

• electrodes for energy storing. Keywords: asymmetric supercapacitor; carbon dots; fluorescence emission; green approach; silver nanoparticles; Introduction The extensive usage of fossil fuels is a result from the rising demand for energy. However, the use of fossil fuels is not sufficient to attend the

• synthesized cost-effective carbon-dot- (CD) mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for supercapacitor electrodes. AgNPs have garnered substantial interest due to their capacity to effectively facilitate biological, optical, chemical, electrical, and industrial applications [13][14]. AgNPs are widely utilized

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• . Keywords: Fe2O3; magnetism; microwave irradiation; reduced graphene oxide; VO2; Introduction Graphene-based materials have been significantly explored in various fields of materials science due to their unique physical and chemical characteristics [1][2][3][4]. The special arrangement of carbon materials

• NCs of iron oxide and graphene through the MW route. For example, Kumar et al. demonstrated the MW-assisted rapid synthesis of a ternary NC based on rGO, carbon nanotubes, and Fe3O4 NPs, using ferrocene as the Fe-containing precursor [15]. The NC exhibited its potential to be used for EMI shielding

• components caused more disorder and defects in the carbon structure [36]. Furthermore, the peak at ≈2700 cm−1 represents the characteristic 2D band of graphene. The Raman pattern of rGO represents such characteristic D band at ≈1343 cm−1, G band at ≈1582.4 cm−1, and 2D band at ≈2690 cm−1, respectively

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• merits of ion sources based on alkali metals. Also, Cs+ is a preferred species of ions over Ga+ for secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) applications because Cs+ can induce higher secondary ion yields for several elements such as carbon (C), oxygen (O), and hydrogen [17][18][19], which provides higher

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• fine structure (NEXAFS) methods. XPS data revealed the formation of a thin graphite-like film with low-ordered atomic structure on the surface of the nickel-coated PCD film. The chemical state of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms was found to be insensitive to the face orientation of the diamond micro-sized

• -coated (110) face after annealing discovered the vertical orientation of sp2-hybridized carbon layers relative to the diamond surface. The observed behavior suggests that sp2 carbon layers were formed on the diamond surface due to its saturation by released carbon atoms as a result of etching by nickel

• . Keywords: graphitization; near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy; nickel coating; polycrystalline diamond film; single-crystal diamond; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Introduction Diamond and graphite, both composed entirely of carbon atoms, exhibit vastly different properties due to

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• Berlin, Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109 Berlin, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.64 Abstract Hybrid materials consisting of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and graphitic-like carbon have great potential for practical application as anodes in high-performance sodium-ion batteries

• . In this work, to reveal the effect of carbon coating on the interaction of sodium with the MoS2 layers located vertically relative to the substrate, model experiments were carried out using synchrotron-radiation-induced X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Sodium vapor obtained by heating a sodium

• source was simultaneously deposited in vacuum on the surfaces of MoS2, pyrolytic carbon, and a hybrid sample obtained by transferring a pyrolytic carbon film onto the MoS2 film. According to XPS data, sodium easily penetrates into the space between the vertical layers of the uncoated film, and its

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• 700000, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.16.63 Abstract The advancement of affordable, ultrastable, and efficient electrode materials for basic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) plays a crucial role in industrial hydrogen manufacture, resolving problems caused by carbon dioxide emissions. Ni-based

• substrates such as nickel foam (NF), carbon cloth, and fluorine-doped tin oxide [27][28][29]. Also, SS displays high electrical conductivity, outstanding chemical stability, and good mechanical properties. Therefore, numerous researchers have used SS as a template to deposit nanomaterials using various

• activities were assessed on an electrochemical workstation (VMP-3e Multichannel Potentiostat, Biologic) in a three-electrode system. A Hg/HgO electrode was used as a reference electrode, while a carbon rod was utilized as the auxiliary electrode. The self-standing Ni/NiO on the SS substrate as a working

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• carbon-supported TEM copper grid and dried under ambient conditions. The particle size distribution was determined by measuring the Feret diameter of individual particles from TEM images using ImageJ software [52]. The NP crystal structure was evaluated using CrysTBox software [53] using digital

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• plays an important role in the stability and functionality of nanoscale structures. Van der Waals forces are supramolecular intermolecular interactions that govern the agglomeration of nanomaterials. Carbon nanostructures with π-conjugated systems (fullerene, carbon nanotube, and graphene) have π–π

• Grimme [22][23][24]. The modeling of infinite graphene sheets was extrapolated from periodic supercells. The supercell of bilayer graphene structure includes 16 carbon atoms (two graphene sheets with eight carbon atoms per sheet). The modeling of water-intercalated bilayer graphene structure used the

• supercell of 16 carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, and two hydrogen atoms (two graphene sheets and one water molecule). Preparation of graphene oxide from natural graphite The improved cascade-design synthesis of graphite oxide (GrO) was reported in our previous papers [15][16]. Briefly, 5 g of raw material of

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• SEM analysis of pyrite thin films was performed using a Hitachi Model SU 8020. The NPs were deposited on carbon-coated copper grids for TEM analysis and on silicon substrates for SEM analysis. Using monochromatic Al Kα radiation with an energy of 1486.68 eV, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS

• all the samples, the peak position corresponding to the adventitious carbon value was fixed at 284.6 eV. A Shirley-type background baseline was used, and the Gaussian–Lorentzian sum function was applied for peak fitting. The high-resolution spectra of Fe 2p and S 2p after soft surface etching using