Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• beams. In contrast, the OSA measurement spectrum showed a Si component due to the wider beam diameter. This is further supported by the evaluation of the CrCl3 stoichiometry in the latter two cases. Table 1 displays the area under the peaks for Cl 2p and Cr 2p. The stoichiometry was determined after

• ITO substrate for the points T and L in (a, b), respectively, together with zoomed details in (e) and (f). The inset displays the thickness profiles of T and L, respectively. A schematic of experimental SPEM setup in the case of a few layer CrCl3 flake [27]. The lower part of the figure Figure 3 was

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• aligns with the subsequent EDX results. The FTIR spectrum (Figure 2g) of commercial CMC displays distinct adsorption bands at 3219, 2875, 1424, 1325, 1053, 1029 and 893 cm−1. The broad band from 3219 to 3406 cm−1 corresponds to O‒H stretching vibrations, reflecting the abundance of hydroxy and carboxyl

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• 0.70 × 0.65 nm2). Additionally, the kinetic diameter of a nitrogen molecule (0.36 nm) is closer to the HEU channel diameter, further influencing the observed behavior. Table 3 displays the specific surface area (SSA) and microporous volume (Vmicro) values determined for the obtained materials. It is

• ) and 450 °C, whereas NiZImp displays three peaks at 150, 410, and 500 °C. Regarding the bimetallic systems, CoNiZIE shows three peaks at 170, 380, and 500 °C, while CoNiZImp shows five peaks at 170, 310, 350 (intense), 420, and 500 °C. In line with the elemental composition (Figure 3, Table 1 and Table

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• sensitivity among all. Results and Discussion X-ray diffraction of as-synthesized Ag@ZnO nanorods The Ag@ZnO NRs were analyzed for their crystal phases by evaluating the X-ray diffraction pattern. Figure 1a displays the diffraction pattern of the Ag@ZnO NRs that were formed. It was observed that this pattern

• Ag@ZnO nanorods Figure 4a displays the optical spectra of Ag@ZnO NRs, which was obtained in the 200–600 nm wavelength range. The absorbance peak in this spectrum, which is moved toward a higher wavelength also known as redshift, is shown at 378 nm (for pure ZnO it is 362 nm) [20]. The bandgap energy

• investigated. The studies on scan-rate dependence were conducted at different scan rates between 40–100 mV/s in a solution containing 20 ppm of lead. Figure 11a displays the CV results of the Ag@ZnO NRs/Nafion/gold electrode, using scan rates varying from 40 to 100 mV/s. The observed CV response, which varies

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• optimized PSC device displays a higher efficiency of 27.84% with Cu2O and 27.38% with PEDOT:PSS for the planar n-i-p FTO/WS2/LNMO/HTL/Au device structure. However, highly efficient organic HTLs have a few disadvantages over inorganic HTLs, including multistep synthesis requiring additional doping, leading

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• ZnO NPs confirms the XRD results, that is, the hexagonal wurtzite structure (Figure 3). SEM and EDX analysis SEM was used to analyze the surface morphology of a modified nanocomposite film, and the image displays a consistent coverage of a web-like structure. Close-up views revealed a crumpled and

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• of the isolated cluster. Given the observed structural modifications of the cluster when integrated into the zeolite (Figure 2), it is expected that its electronic properties would also undergo changes. Figure 4a displays the total density of states (TDOS) for the NaA zeolite, featuring a primary

• transition from spin up to spin down. Figure 4c displays the TDOS for the magnetite cluster. Notably, it reveals the presence of both spin polarizations at the Fermi level, with the spin-down polarization being the dominant one. This observation is indicative of a ferromagnetic behavior, aligning with the

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• maintenance costs. By understanding and replicating the nanostructured [3][7][8][9], liquid-repelling features of Collembola skin, we propose a novel approach to mitigate this issue. Figure 1 displays the cuticle micro- and nanostructure which leads to effective water repellency [5]. It has been shown how the

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• and 2) exceeding 2000 kDa likely corresponded to aggregates of p(Hist-CA). The particle distribution diagram from DLS data displays two peaks with average hydrodynamic diameters of 50 ± 4 nm and 190 ± 30 nm and with a polydispersity index (PdI) of 0.245 (Figure 1c). Evidently, the former peak

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• transparent scales into superwhite and melanized scales into superblack [25]. Melanin pigments can produce a black color with visible reflections, such as in shiny fur and feathers. The degree of such visible reflections depends on the surface structure. Ultrablack color lacks this gloss and instead displays

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• pliable displays and as strengthening material in composites [2][3][4]. It has also gained considerable attention among researchers for its application in hydrogen storage, owing to its good adsorption capacity and controllable storage and re-release of hydrogen at efficient temperatures [4][5]. The

• observed to be −17% to +17%, whereas for ψ-graphone, it lies within the strain span of −16% to +16%. The remarkable strain tolerance of these materials makes them promising candidates for flexible displays and other electronic devices. Computational Methodology The computational parameters used in our

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• )2Br2 evolves in response to (Figure 4, left) Ar+ and (Figure 4, right) H2+ exposure. Prior to ion irradiation, the C 1s region displays a single peak at 289 eV corresponding to the carbonyl (CO) groups in Pt(CO)2Br2. Upon ion irradiation, the C 1s peak decreases in intensity and shifts to 288 eV until

• m/z 20 correspond to, respectively, Ar+ and Ar2+ ions formed by electron impact ionization of neutral Ar in the QMS). The top panel displays the gas phase species observed during the film’s exposure to 4.0 µC/cm2 Ar+, corresponding to an acquisition time of 30 s. (Right) Kinetic profile for 13CO

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• layer to absorb four times more near-infrared light [43]. Flip-chip micro light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) are a revolutionary technology with the potential to create next-generation HDR displays due to their tiny size, exceptional brightness, wide color gamut, and energy efficiency [44][45][46

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• domain sizes, and lattice strains. Textural parameters of the samples. Supporting Information Figure S1 displays the FTIR spectra of the sol–gel (SG) and microwave-assisted sol–gel (MW) samples after photocatalytic tests, alongside the spectrum of commercial oxalic acid for comparison. Figure S2 shows

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• TiO2/SiNWs catalyst may be attributed to the vertical wires, which enable strong light scattering leading to enhancement in light harvesting. The optical bandgap values of SiNWs and TiO2/SiNWs are estimated at around 3.8 and 3.3 eV, respectively. Figure 3b displays the current–voltage (I–V) curves of

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• illustration of the passive accumulation of NPs through the EPR effect (right panel) and of actively targeting overexpressed markers in cancer cells (left panel). The right panel displays leaky vasculature of tumor vessels with lack of effective lymphatic drainage, allowing for a higher permeability of

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• at 1064 nm. The size distributions are provided in Supporting Information File 1, Figures S2(a)–(c). Notably, the mean diameter of NPs is smaller when generated at lower wavelengths compared to those produced at higher wavelengths. Figure 3 displays TEM images depicting the synthesis of Au NPs under

• illustrate the prominent Raman bands of MG at a 1 nM concentration recorded from filter paper loaded with NPs, namely, Ag, Au, and Au NPs in DW and aqueous NaCl solution fabricated at three different wavelengths: 1064, 532, and 355 nm. Figure 8d displays the intensity variation of a prominent 1618 cm−1 MG

• images of Ag/Au NPs: (a) AgAuD1, (b) AgAuD2, (c) AgAuD3, (d) AgAuN1, (e) AgAuN2, and (f) AgAuN3. The variation in sizes of NPs at different wavelengths and environments. The left panel displays the size variation for Ag, Au, and Ag/Au in DW, while the right panel illustrates size variation in an aqueous

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• to sub-micrometer size [8][9]. It has been an active area of academic research for well over 30 years. Microfluidics technology has eventually enabled a variety of new innovations, including COVID-19 rapid tests [10], microfluidic displays [11], and low-cost diagnostics [12]. Soft robotics is a newer

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• von Mises stress values from 1.5 to 3 GPa is depicted by the atoms’ color. Figure 5g displays the relationship between average von Mises stress and average grain size of GNG CoCrNi MEAs. The local distribution of von Mises stress was calculated through the following equation [27]: The results show a

• highest temperature at this position. Samples with small grain gradients, corresponding to a higher number of amorphous atoms, exhibit an increase in mixture disorder of the atoms, leading to higher kinetic energy, which generates more thermal energy [34]. Figure 7 displays the crystal structure evolution

• generate many shear bands and squeeze the grains behind the substrate. Therefore, plastic deformation and subsurface damage become more significant with a deeper cutting depth. Figure 10 displays the crystal structure evolution in GNG CoCrNi MEAs for various cutting depths during the cutting process. The

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• the reference sample MIL-100(Fe), the mass percentages of Fe2O3 reactant were inferred to be 35.8%, 15.2%, and 6.6%, corresponding to conversion rates of 36.7%, 59.6%, and 81% for M-100Fe@Fe2O3#0.90, M-100Fe@Fe2O3#1.35, and M-100Fe@Fe2O3#1.80 samples, respectively. Figure 7 displays the oxidation

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• °, 25.81°, 32.15°, 44.13°, and 60.21° positions, corresponding to (002), (004), (103), (006), and (008) planes of hexagonal 2H-MoS2. Likewise, Figure 2b displays the diffraction peaks at 14.3°, 28.8°, 43.9°, 59.8°, and 77.13° positions, attributed to (002), (004), (006), (008), and (0010) planes of 2H-WS2

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• identifying rGO with different reduction degrees [61]. In this channel, GO displays no contrast, whereas rGO shows a larger value compared with the substrate. With the unambiguous identification of each type of flake, we can proceed to study their thickness and its dependency on various external parameters. A

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• underlines the influence of biomass source and synthesis parameters on the resulting CQD dimensions. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy The surface chemical groups of the samples were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. Figure 3a displays the FTIR spectrum of the CQDs synthesized with grape pomace. Since

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• ), the GQDs displays green luminescence, while the TiO2/GQDs samples exhibit different levels of fluorescence. Figure 1c presents the emission spectra of GQDs and TiO2/GQDs. GQDs exhibits an emission maximum at 450 nm corresponding to the blue luminescence. The luminous intensity at an emission

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• . The XRD pattern for cubic TiN, as compared to JCPDS # 87-0633, displays characteristic peaks at approximately 37°, 43°, 62°, 74°, and 78°. In contrast, the TiN processed by non-thermal plasma exhibited small shifts towards less positive values in the 2θ angles for the (111), (200), (220), (311), and