Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• ; nanocolloids to thin films; photocatalysis; photovoltaics and photodetection; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); Review 1 Introduction This section provides a brief introduction to the fundamental laser processing techniques used in liquids, including ablation, fragmentation, melting, irradiation; it

• , and HER/OER devices. These films exhibit unique morphologies and properties due to the controlled nanoparticle size and dispersion. Additionally, these nanocolloids enable facile, low-temperature, single-step film fabrication under standard laboratory conditions, making it an efficient and versatile

• method for developing advanced functional materials. This section of the discussion focuses on the fabrication of thin films using laser-processed nanocolloids by various techniques such as electrophoretic deposition (EPD), spin-dip coating, spin coating, drop-casting, and spray deposition. The choice of

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• contribute to increased MP removal efficiency, particularly for nanosized particles [43]. Field studies on agricultural runoff reveal diverse MP contamination, including PVC films (500–1000 µm), fragments (45–500 µm, comprising PS, PA, PC, HDPE, LDPE, PET), and beads (40–48 µm, consisting solely of PE

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• evidence of the successful sequential functionalization of the CTA membrane. In addition, at a temperature of 800 °C, both the CTA and PCTA films exhibit a residual mass of 0%, indicating complete decomposition or volatilization, leaving no significant inorganic residues. In contrast, the Ag@PCTA film

• and Bruening have reported that Ag nanoparticle-containing films have the same antibacterial effect as films containing Ag ions [49]. The nanoparticle-containing films may be much better because they minimize the amount of Ag ions absorbed in the body. The present work confirms the good antibacterial

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• structuring offers a straightforward means to manipulate the functional and surface characteristics of substrates [10][11][12][13]. The applications span a broad spectrum, encompassing colorization control, self-cleaning surfaces, regulation of cell and bacterial films, antireflective surfaces, surface

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• optimize the crystallinity, surface morphology, and electronic properties of the films. Subsequently, an electrochemical deposition method was developed to facilitate the uniform distribution of V2O5 among Bi–O–I flakes to homogeneously enhance the conversion reaction. The XRD pattern confirms the

• monoclinic scheelite BiVO4 structure with dominant (121) and (004) peaks. FESEM imaging revealed that the different deposition conditions influenced the surface morphologies of the BiOI and BiVO4 films. Photocurrent density measurements showed that BiVO4(326) achieved 1.2 mA·cm−2 at 1.23 V vs RHE

• charge carriers, which severely restrict its PEC performance [10][11][12]. Various strategies have been explored to overcome these challenges and optimize the structural, electronic, and surface properties of BiVO4 [13][14]. Hydrothermal synthesis has been used to produce highly crystalline BiVO4 films

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• and enhanced food safety [30]. Results and Discussion Physicochemical properties FTIR spectroscopy (Figure 1a) was used to study the PVA/glycerol biopackaging (BP), NC-reinforced BP (rBP), and PE-CEO-containing rBP (rCBP) composite films. BP exhibited characteristic peaks at 3330 cm−1 (O–H stretching

• composite, delaying its decomposition [24]. CEO did not significantly alter the thermal degradation pattern, confirming that its incorporation did not compromise the thermal stability of the samples. These findings indicate that PVA-NC films are thermally suitable for applications like food packaging, where

• moderate temperature resistance is required. Figure 1c illustrates the mechanical properties of biopackaging films, including tensile strength and elongation at break. The incorporation of NC significantly enhances the tensile strength of the films by more than 40%, reaching 31.06 MPa, due to the

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• hydrogel films, drying for four days at room temperature and storage in a desiccator is required [94]. In the method described by Gao et al. (2018), PVA 15% w/v is added into water and stirred at 95 °C until complete dissolution [55]. The freeze/thaw cycle was carried out at −20 °C and room temperature and

• through the oxidative coupling of catechol groups using a hydrogen peroxide/horseradish peroxidase (H2O2/HRP) catalytic system [41]. The addition of the antibiotic doxycycline provided the hydrogels with antimicrobial activity to treat infected full-thickness defect wounds. Flexible films composed of

• guanosine quartet hydrogels loaded with recombinant human-sourced collagen can be wrapped onto the skin surface. These films can supply collagen deposition for the wound by recruiting macrophages and fibroblasts and eventually inducing their proliferation and migration [42]. In the study by Zhao et al

Transfer function of an asymmetric superconducting Gauss neuron

• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Aleksander S. Ionin,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Mikhail S. Sidel’nikov,
• Sergey V. Egorov and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1160–1170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.85

• slightly different shapes, which allows them to be distinguished during the initial analysis of experimental data. In recent years, a number of superconducting devices have been proposed based on very thin superconducting films whose kinetic inductance may be comparable to the magnetic one [11][25][26

• , where is the magnetic part of total inductance Lout. Therefore, the use of ultrathin superconducting films is not a promising approach for implementing a superconducting Gauss neuron. C. Input asymmetry One more possible type of asymmetry is related to the unequal input signal supply to the neuron’s

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• occurred for all coatings. In particular, an increase in ion beam current led to a reduction in crystallite size by approximately 30% compared to coatings prepared by conventional EBE process. The average anatase crystallite size for annealed films was in the range of 30.8 to 43.5 nm. A detailed SEM

• analysis of surface morphology and cross sections revealed that the TiO2 films prepared by IBAD had smaller, rounded grains and were denser compared to those deposited by EBE. Optical properties showed high transparency of 77–83% in the visible wavelength range for all as-prepared thin films. However

• , annealing caused a decrease of the transparency level by 32% for films deposited by EBE, while for films from the IBAD process the decrease was less than 10%. The use of an ion gun increased the hardness of the TiO2 films from 2.4 to 3.5 GPa (Iibg = 4 A). Although a similar relationship was observed for

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• ions from aqueous solutions. In order to realize its application use, it is necessary to form large-area GO films with well-controlled thickness. However, the conventional methods for the fabrication of such tailored GO films present considerable challenges. Conventionally, GO films are obtained by a

• drop-casting technique, wherein GO flakes dispersed in a solvent are cast onto a substrate [16][17]. This technique does not allow for the control of number of layers. Consequently, studies have been conducted to synthesize large-area and single-layer GO (SLGO) films. As mentioned above, GO films have

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• molecules and their two-dimensional films. The structure and quality of the films are pivotal parameters for any molecular electronics application, thus making them indispensable for the development of nanoscale electronic devices. In particular, these findings on the controlled self-assembly of

• . Additionally, they can be employed as precursors to produce CaFe2O4 thin films upon calcination. The resulting transparent solution is coated and subjected to calcination/annealing to form mesoporous thin films. The mesoporous films display excellent performance in the oxygen evolution reaction. It would be

• presented an overview of research activities utilizing azobenzene-containing monolayers and liquid crystal polymer films [243]. The linking of azobenzene molecules to liquid crystal and polymer systems has enabled the realization of a number of fascinating new motional functions. The use of photostimulation

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• wettability of films based on the nanocomposite is 7 mN·m−1 higher than that of the original PBS (52 versus 45 mN·m−1). This indicates that PBS/CNT_0.5 films will not require additional activation before applying paints, adhesives, or coatings. The addition of CNTs also affects the density of PBS

• packaging, which typically require elongation at break in the range of 100–600% and Young’s modulus between 200 and 700 MPa [25]. Potential applications include stretch sleeves, flexible lids, and barrier films, where controlled deformation and improved wear resistance are desired. Rheological analysis

• temperatures of the Plasti-Corder LabStation extruder (Brabender, Duisburg, Germany) were set to 150, 160, and 170 °C, with the die head at 175 °C. The screw speed was 60 rpm, the cooling roll was set to 70 °C, and the rotational speed was 12 min−1. As a result of the films being freely cast onto the cooling

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• fast (horizontal) and slow (vertical) scan directions. The surface directions for the bulk crystal exposing the (111) surface can be determined by cleaving the crystal along another surface from the {111} family [31]. For CaF2 thin films grown on Si(111) surfaces, it has been established that the film

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany Technische Universtät Darmstadt, 64289 Darmtadt, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.68 Abstract Conical nanopores in amorphous SiO2 thin films fabricated using the ion track etching technique show promising potential for filtration, sensing

• SiO2 (≈26°). As described in our track etching model [13], the cone angle depends only on the ratio of the track-etch rate to the bulk-etch rate. Hence, the different angles indicate different etch-rate ratios for PECVD and thermal SiO2. This discrepancy is not unexpected because PECVD-deposited films

• calculations for PECVD SiO2 thin films used values for the density and composition from our previous study [47]. In both layers, the projected ranges when irradiated with 185 and 89 MeV Au ions were ≈20 μm and ≈14 μm, respectively, whereas the projected ranges for thermal and PECVD SiO2 irradiated with 1.6 GeV

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• SCD surface into graphene requires annealing at temperatures above 800 °C [21]. The annealing of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films in the presence of a Ni catalyst has been recently explored [22][23][24]. It was shown that graphitization of Ni-coated NCD films begins at a relatively lower

• better properties but high cost, or on more affordable NCD films, whose properties are notably inferior to their monocrystalline counterparts. In this regard, microcrystalline diamond (MCD) films could serve as a more suitable alternative to SCDs. Therefore, the Ni-assisted graphitization of MCD films

• spectra provides information about the spatial orientation of π and σ orbitals relative to the photon incidence. In the present work, we focused on the changes in the surface state of Ni-coated polycrystalline diamond (PCD) films composed of micron-sized grains with (110) and (111) faces during high

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• Manu Bura Divya Gupta Arun Kumar Sanjeev Aggarwal Department of Physics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, India 10.3762/bjnano.16.66 Abstract Radio frequency-sputtered zinc oxide films are implanted with 30 keV Ar+ ions at various fluences ranging from 1 × 1015 to 2 × 1016 ions·cm−2

• . Raman spectra reveal the presence of the E2 (low), E2 (high), and A1 (LO) Raman modes in pristine and implanted ZnO films. A gradual fall and rise in peak intensity of, respectively, the E2 (high) and A1 (LO) Raman modes is observed with increases in ion fluence. However, the E2 (low) mode broadens and

• merges completely with disorder-induced broad band at higher fluences. Moreover, the deconvolution of the A1 (LO) Raman peak affirms the presence of defect-related Raman modes in the implanted samples. A gradual reduction in crystallinity of the implanted ZnO films with increasing ion fluence is observed

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• applications, examining the application of high-brilliance light sources on model systems such as supported thin films and epitaxial nanostructures. We review selected studies exploiting the high energy resolution and sensitivity of synchrotron radiation-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray

• perspectives offered by the ultrahigh brilliance and ultrashort free-electron laser pulses for dynamic studies of the processes that take place upon photoexcitation are discussed. Keywords: cerium oxide; free-electron lasers; thin films; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

• ; Introduction Transition metal oxides in the form of thin films or nanostructures find extensive use in sustainable energy technologies [1][2]. They serve as active materials or supports for catalysts for various chemical reactions, essential to energy conversion, sensing, and environmental remediation [3][4

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• resulting hybrid and individual films of MoS2 and PyC were placed on the same sample holder to study the interaction with sodium vapor in the ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber of the experimental station of the Russian–German beamline at the BESSY-II synchrotron radiation facility. Such model experiments make

• high. The weak second-order band between 2700 and 2900 cm‒1 is due to the three-dimensional ordering along the c axes of the graphitic film. The NEXAFS spectra measured at the C K-edge of PyC and PyC-MoS2 films pre-annealed in UHV at 673 K for 10 min exhibit two main resonances located at 285.4 and

• associated with the substrate. The absence of the Si 2p line in the spectra of MoS2 and PyC-MoS2 films indicates the formation of a continuous MoS2 film with a thickness of more than 3 nm [46]. The atomic concentrations of Mo and S in the MoS2 film are about 9 and 28 atom %, respectively, and decrease to

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• synthesizing electrode materials in recent years because they offer a cleaner pathway than solution-based synthetic processes [20][21][22]. Among vacuum deposition methods, magnetron sputtering has been widely applied in industrial applications for fabricating thin films because of its advantages, such as good

• with a thickness of 1 mm was used as a substrate for catalyst growth. Fabrication of the Ni/NiO/SS samples Grade 304 SS was cut into pieces of 60 mm × 25 mm, washed with soap, and then sonicated in a mixture of acetone and ethanol to remove the impurities left on the SS template. After that, thin films

• distribution in materials were studied using EDX. The Raman spectra were studied using a LabRAM-HR Evolution Raman microscope with a laser wavelength of 532 nm. The composition of the thin films was investigated using XPS on a Thermo Scientific K-Alpha XPS system. Electrochemical measurements The HER catalytic

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• coating on polymer substrates, typically polylactide films. Interfacial adhesion of graphene-based nanosheets on polylactide substrates made the antibacterial coating stable for several application purposes. In general, supramolecular graphene-based hydrogels are bioinspired hydration structures to

• , leading to facile brush coating on plastic films of polylactide (PLA). Dehydrated GO-SG-ZH coating is adhered to the PLA substrate through interfacial interactions. Furthermore, antibacterial activities, coating stability, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite materials were investigated and

• compression at 190 °C. As a result, thin and transparent PLA films were made with the average thickness of 0.2 mm. In the next stage, the GO-SG-ZH nanocomposite in hydrogel form (≈95% water) was used as an aqueous paint for brush coating on PLA thin films. After brush coating, the coated films were left to

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• nanocolloids. The structural, morphological and electrical characterizations of the films are also presented. By sulfurization of the films, phase-pure pyrite thin films are obtained. The photodetection range was up to 785 nm photocurrent in the order of 10−6 to 10−4 A for different annealing conditions and a

• films. The conventional methods reported for the synthesis of pyrite NPs include chemical methods using stabilizing agents [4], high-energy mechanical ball milling [6][7], colloidal pyrite by wet solution/phased chemical approaches [8][9], and hot injection [10][11]. In this study, PLAL was employed to

• performance by first fabricating amorphous iron oxide films on normal glass substrates by spray pyrolysis followed by heating in sulfur atmosphere at 350 and 400 °C [20]. For pyrite film fabrication, solvothermal or hydrothermal and chemical synthetic routes are generally adopted [21][22][23]. Henríquez et al

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• known that 270 nm SiO2/Si substrates provide the highest optical contrast (O.C.) value for a single layer or few layers of CrCl3 [2][11]. Because of the insulating behavior of 270 nm SiO2 and to avoid surface charging, we utilized Si(001) wafers with a 1 nm layer of SiO2 and ITO films (190 nm) on glass

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• Física, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Apdo. Postal 14-740, México D.F. 07360, México 10.3762/bjnano.16.53 Abstract The growth of superconducting tantalum nitride (TaN) thin films on magnesium oxide (MgO) substrates has been studied

• using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). This research investigates the influence of varying deposition parameters, including substrate temperature and ambient gas composition, on the structural, morphological, and superconducting properties of the films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction

• , atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that the TaN films exhibit excellent crystallinity and smooth surface morphology, when deposited at optimal temperatures of 750 and 850 °C. The films exhibit superconducting transition temperatures (Tc) ranging from 5.0 to