Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• agents on the metal surface and further dominates functionalization. Various capping agents such as citrate, PVP, and surfactants have been the choice for metal nanoparticles. Controlled size, shape, and surface properties have been achieved using strong capping and reducing agents. Capping agents

• high strength to nanoparticles, the use of such nanoparticles is limited in sensing, catalysis, and biomedical applications because of post-synthesis functionalization, morphology, and toxicity [6][7][8]. CTAB is a resilient molecule on the nanoparticle surface because of its micellar structure and

• used for measurement. The functionalization of AgNS, AuNS, AuNR1, and AuNR2 with CTAB was validated through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (Thermo Scientific, Nicolet iS5, USA). 10 mg of the air-dried nanoparticles were placed over a diamond and measured in the range of 400–4000 cm−1

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• toxicity and highlight the potential of tannic acid for the synthesis and surface functionalization of graphene-based nanomaterials, offering insights into safer nanotechnology development. Keywords: biodistribution; density functional theory; ecotoxicity; molecular dynamics; surface interactions

• characteristics made TA attractive to nanomaterial synthesis and functionalization for applications in nanomedicine, sensors, electronics, and composites [25][26][27]. In these different fields, TA has been applied in green alternative methods of GO synthesis and physicochemical modifications (e.g., reduction and

• functionalization) [28][29][30]. In this sense, studying the interaction between TA and GO and the effects on the material toxicity is of technological and environmental relevance. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a well-established in vivo model in human health science and has been considered a promising

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• [1][2][3][4]. Consequently, the scientific community has focused on improving the targeting of nanoparticles (NPs) to tumor cells through surface functionalization with active groups (e.g., folate, monoclonal antibodies) [5][6][7]. However, according to the literature, only 0.7% of the injected dose

• to the formation of aggregates of NPs and activation of unplanned biological pathways (e.g., the complement system) [16][17][18]. The factors mentioned above hamper the biodistribution of nanomedicines and their targeting efficiency, therefore causing adverse effects. Multiple functionalization

• minute, using a syringe pump (New Era Pump Systems, NE8000, Farmingdale, NY). Posteriorly, the solution remained under stirring for 24 h. The resulting suspension was purified and re-dispersed in water for storage and subsequent functionalization. Functionalization of SiO2NPs Before the functionalization

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• surface stabilization and functionalization [93][94][95]. Importantly, the use of antibodies and other proteins as targeting agents may increase the HD of usNPs beyond the threshold for renal filtration, and so careful consideration is needed in the design of such constructs. To ensure effective

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• , high stability, low toxicity, modifiable hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and the possibility of surface functionalization for targeted localization. Polymeric nanoparticles are a versatile approach to drug delivery (DD) with the potential to circumvent barriers associated with negative impacts on

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• to describe the study of materials at the nanoscale [2]. Afterwards, nanosized and nanostructured carbon species have attracted great interest thanks to their intrinsic properties and easy functionalization [3]. The utilization of nanocarbon species has been widely deployed in advanced medical

• , suggesting that the ND coating prevented the removal of wear debris from coated implants. The complex relation between NDs and macrophage activity can be further tuned by functionalization with short molecules as reported by Pentecost and co-workers [90], who used small amines to tune the inflammatory

• reactivity of carbon coatings are the key features for the lowered immunological response. Contrary to NDs and graphene-related materials, CNT layers generally induce a strong immunological response because of their higher reactivity [98], which needs to be tuned through an appropriate functionalization

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• accurate operation of MoS2 FET-based biosensors based on the positions of antibody functionalization. When antibodies are immobilized at the level of the insulated layer covering the MoS2 device, antibody–antigen binding events mostly change the threshold voltage of the device, which can be described by

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• , shape, and surface charge of NPs, as well as their surface functionalization. In the current study, classification-based ML models (i.e., Bayesian classification, random forest, support vector classifier, and linear discriminant analysis) have been developed to identify the features/fingerprints that

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• purification was achieved, but the functionalization of the material could lead to interesting applications, such as the production of nitrides using FEBID [28]. Water-assisted reactions in Pt FEBID deposits Water-assisted post-exposure purification of condensed layers of MeCpPtMe3 that mimic Pt FEBID deposits

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• , namely, composition, impurities, surface treatment functionalization, size, shape, and surface area [10]. One of the challenges in nano-QSAR modelling, and in the modelling of NMs in general, is the definition and the identification of what a single NM is. Discrete organic molecules can be fully

• only based on the structure of the functionalization group [53][54]. Coating descriptors are not only found in common-core models. For example, Kleandrova et al. included descriptors based in the bond adjacency matrix for the organic coating if present (a zero was used for uncoated nanoforms) [18

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• utility in photodetectors [10][11], memory structures [12][13], and p-type channels in transistors [14][15]. Simultaneously, ongoing efforts are consistently directed towards developing deposition techniques and functionalization of CuO films in order to modify their properties for specific applications

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• the applicability and reliability of the proposed method (Table 2). Conclusion TiO2/GQDs were prepared from peroxo titanium complexes, and GQDs were derived from ground coffee as precursor, which offers several advantages such as easy dispersion and functionalization during the synthesis. A simple

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• . Also, the photothermal responses of the nanoparticles in association with k-CG hydrogels were assessed, indicating their potential in biomedical applications. Furthermore, characterization such as zeta potential, crystallinity, and surface functionalization were investigated through ZetaSizer, X-ray

• nanoparticles in CTAB-, MTAB-, and DTAB-capped nanomakura was analysed through a Panalytical XRD machine. For this, 30 mg of the powdered sample was used to completely cover the holder and was exposed to X-rays for the measurement. Surface functionalization validation of CTAB-, MTAB-, and DTAB-capped nanomakura

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• ]. Similarly, gallic acid was covalently grafted on magnetite with an average size of 5 and 8 nm. The functionalization of ultrasmall magnetite with gallic acid increased free radical scavenging two- to fourfold compared to free magnetite [60]. Centurion et al. investigated the assembly of natural polyphenolic

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• three times with distilled water, and the PDA/Fe3O4 NPs were dried in a vacuum oven at 55 °C. Surface functionalization of PDA/Fe3O4 nanoparticles with SH-PEG For the surface modification process with SH-PEG, 50 mg of PDA/Fe3O4 NPs were added to 50 mL of Tris-HCl solution. Then, 100 mg of thiol

• band structures at 1500 and 1000 cm–1 in the FTIR analysis of SH-PEG provides evidence for the surface modification of PDA/Fe3O4 NPs with SH-PEG. The FTIR analysis results indicate the successful functionalization of PDA/Fe3O4 NPs with SH-PEG molecules. This will enable the passively targeted delivery

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• , functionalization, and hydrophobicity, when constructing CG models for the bionano interface. The UA model simplifies the protein–NP interactions by representing proteins as rigid structures composed of 20 AA types, each represented by a single bead. This interaction is described through a short-range surface non

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• copolymerization of NR. Hence, the functionalization of GO with a silane coupling agent significantly contributes to exploring the most optimal methods and conditions for preparing NR/GO nanocomposites through graft copolymerization. Despite this, research involving the hybrid filler GO/silica for grafting onto NR

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• antileishmanial drugs to such sites. Overall, drug targeting results in increased treatment efficacy and reduced toxicity, mostly by reducing drug doses and preventing its interaction with unwanted receptors [30][65]. In this scenario, active targeting happens by the functionalization of nanocarriers, making drug

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• . HeLa cells show an enhanced uptake by RGD functionalization but it is still reduced in comparison to all hard formulations. Particles with RGD-modified surfaces are superior in tumor accumulation for both soft and hard HNPs, with softer particles showing an overall higher retention in the tumor. This

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• . The rationale behind such functionalization is that fatty alcohols will form ether bonds with surface silicon atoms upon alcoholysis, and bulky alyphatic chains will provide a steric barrier and deter further surface reactions. In this example, the obtained sols showed no signs of particle

• . Several techniques for functionalization and colloidal solubilization of Si3P4 NPs were outlined. Optical properties of the material were studied to reveal an experimental bandgap of 1.25 eV. Potential applications of the material include the preparation of microcircuits through the introduction of P

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for CO₂ storage: A review

• Ha Huu Do,
• Iqra Rabani and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.79

• approximately 3.6 mmol·g−1 at 273 K and 1 bar. Post-synthetic functionalization Amino groups, which have been widely recognized as LBCs in MOFs for the purpose of capturing CO2, can be grafted onto MOFs through a post-synthetic process. Several studies adopted this strategy to modify the properties of MOFs for

• bonds lead to a reduced pore size in UiO-66(Zr/Ti), thereby facilitating improved interactions between the MOF and CO2 molecules. MOF composites Post-synthetic functionalization was recognized as an effective strategy for enhancing the adsorption ability of nanosized MOF structures. However, it demands

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• active targeting via the functionalization of ligands, such as antibodies or proteins, that interact with receptors overexpressed at the target site [5][6]. However, the movement of NPs is hampered by biological barriers such as endothelial, cellular, skin, and mucosal barriers, which obstruct their

• specifically to the target site and inhibit the cancer progression. Nanoparticle surface decoration strategies Surface functionalization of NPs through conjugation of functional groups with biomolecules is one method to enhance the targeting efficiency (Figure 2b). For effective antibody functionalization, the

• involvement of Fab regions is generally avoided during conjugation, so that antibodies do not lose their antigen recognition sites [35]. The antibody immobilization on NP surfaces can be either random or oriented, depending on the functionalization method. Antibodies conjugated onto NPs are able to adopt

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• both their metal sites and organic components. Furthermore, their catalytic properties can be readily modified through functionalization. For instance, Fu et al. grafted –NH2 groups onto MIL-125(Ti) material to enhance CO2RR for the production of HCOO− [33]. The outcome indicated that NH2-MIL-125(Ti

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• “covalent functionalization” using 2D structures as templates [161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171]. In these systems, the molecular building blocks mostly comprise alkyl chains, and various phenomena, including the interaction of alkyl chains, continue to be revealed. Therefore

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• dissolution of gold. We present scanning electron micrographs and elemental imaging analyses by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to examine the effect of solutions of each species on the gold film. This work highlights the risk of unwanted etching during some routes to NHC-based surface functionalization

• two different solution-based surface functionalization routes. One involved the deprotonation of a benzimidazolium precursor in toluene under air-free conditions. The other was in methanol and took advantage of the equilibrium between a benzimidazolium hydrogen carbonate salt and free carbene with