Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• conjunction with inhibition of angiogenic/inflammatory proteins in an NF-κB-dependent manner [18]. Zhang et al. [75] reported that a combination of nanosized particles and the inclusion of glutathione (which has a thiol group that can initiate thiolysis and release CUR) results in a synergistic effect. This

• has been previously reported when using glutathione-responsive self-delivery nanocapsules (100 nm), a strategy that increases cellular uptake efficiency, intracellular CUR delivery, and transport to the nucleus, which results in growth inhibition of HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) cells [75]. Similar

• results have been obtained in glutathione-sensitive PEGylated CUR prodrug nanomicelles [76]. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNP). Polymeric nanoparticles are solid colloids with a size of up to 1000 nm; the drug is loaded into the polymeric matrix, preferably using biodegradable polymers [77][78]. If the drug

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• determining toxicity and cell internalization of nanoparticles due to capping agents is critical. It has been reported that glutathione-capped gold nanoparticles underwent efficient cell internalization and efficient renal clearance compared to PEGylated and citrate-capped gold nanoparticles [68][69]. This

• was observed due to the difference in the binding affinity of the capping agents toward serum proteins. Glutathione showed less affinity towards serum proteins than citric acid. In an exposure time duration study by Lopez-Chaves et al., size-dependent metabolic fate and deposit formation of gold

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• was studied in the presence of the most relevant biothiols: cysteine (CYS) and glutathione (GSH). Data on the size distribution of different AgNPs in the tested media are given in Figure 5 and in Supporting Information File 1, Table S1, while observed ζ potentials are presented in Figure 6 and in

• bound to C7). This possibly implies the formation of oxidised glutathione (GSSG), as noted in our previous work [56]. The most significant changes observed were the broadening of the peaks and loss of resolution, both of which are known signs of ligand binding to the NP surface [57][58][59]. Therefore

• , liver, and kidney are glutathione-rich environments, where GSH serves as an in vivo reducing agent for Ag+ converting it into secondary particles. In simple biological media, an increase in the agglomeration of different AgNPs was generally observed with an increase in ionic strength due to the

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• aminotransferases and also in the hematological parameters were observed between the control and groups with burn wounds and between groups treated with AgNPs and groups with burn wounds. In addition, there were no significant differences in lipid peroxidation, carbonyl and reduced glutathione (GSH) protein levels

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• subcutaneous injection activated superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) antioxidant enzymes. These enzymes are liable for eliminating excess ROS , and therefore the activation of these enzymes is connected to the expression of apoptosis-related genes within the silkworm

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• through the induced genetic damage [170]. Changes in expression of metabolic genes Every enzymatic detoxification system (e.g., SOD, glutathione and catalase) is regulated by a signal which senses the ROS level and changes the expression level of certain set of genes in a way to protect against and

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) [28][91][92][93][94][96]. It is also possible to cross the BBB by targeting active transporters such as the thiamine or glutathione transporters [98][99][100]. Some more advanced techniques have also been developed to find new targeting peptides for the BBB

• ], lactoferrin [89], anti-transferrin receptor antibody [84][85], glutathione [99][100] or CBSA [112]. In a study by Chen et al. the efficacy of the BBB targeting ligands angiopep-2, T7 and peptide-22, which are specific ligands of, respectively, LRP1, transferrin receptor and LDLR were compared. Liposomes were

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• varies with pH and temperature [18]. Wang et al. [18] studied the fluorescence of the CDs made from glucose with glutathione in a temperature range of 15 to 90 °C and observed the change of the color from dark blue to light blue and the quenching of the fluorescence at high temperatures. They attributed

• nm made from glucose with glutathione in a temperature range of 15 to 90 °C by Wang et al. [18]. Figure 3a–c shows the PL spectra of the soybean-derived CDs. The HTC-CDs exhibited strong emission under the irradiation of UV and visible light in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 480 nm (Figure 3a

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• aggregation. Materials and Methods Reagents Sodium polyacrylate, ᴅ-(+)-glucose, thionine acetate salt, phosphate buffered saline powder, EDTA, glutathione reduced and 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), phosphate buffered saline (PBS) tablets were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• -capped Au25 NCs compared to that of PET-capped Au25 NCs [43]. Water-soluble glutathione-capped [Au25(SG)18] NCs have been shown to display higher PL than the [Au25(PET)18] counterpart. Partial ligand exchange can also lead to enhanced PL in certain AuNCs. Shibu et al. partially exchanged the glutathione

• a fluorescent gold nanocluster immunoassay (AuNCIA) for early and sensitive detection of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection in vitro and HIV-infected patient samples [85]. For this study, glutathione-capped AuNCs were coupled with streptavidin (Au-SA) using EDS/NHS coupling. The strong

• property of the nanocarriers also allowed for magnetic targeting (Figure 5C). In another recent study, Pan et al. using glutathione-capped AuNCs showed that the aggregation-induced emission could be sensitive to the viscosity of the medium and that can potentially be used for intracellular viscosity

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• glutathione concentration (ca. 10 mM), and iii) very recently, tumor hypoxia (i.e., low oxygen concentrations due to rapid use of blood supply for cancer cell growth) [55]. A typical exogenous trigger is light that can induce the cleavage of covalently linked groups and the solubilization and degradation of

• reducing power of glutathione (GSH) was exploited in a supramolecular micellar system formed through the host–guest interaction between a PEGylated cyclodextrin and adamantane moieties conjugated to a porphyrin photosensitizer through a disulfide bond. Once the disulfide link was cleaved by glutathione

• albumin (HSA) is reduced and encapsulates ICG thanks to electrostatic interactions, then the disulfide links are reconstructed for carrier stabilization. This carrier is then glutathione-sensitive and its reduction under in vivo conditions enhanced the PDT efficiency [78]. The cleavage of ROS-responsive

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• . Reduced ʟ-glutathione (GSH, 99%), bovine serum albumin (BSA), HAuCl4·3H2O (99.9%), sodium borohydride (99%), horseradish peroxidase (HRP, MW = 44000; 250–330 u·mg−1), poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA, 20 wt % in H20), 1-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N

• glutathione, as illustrated in Figure 7. An aliquot of 5 μL of 2.0 mg·mL−1 of PDDA was added to each working electrode and kept for 20 min. The electrode surface was rinsed with Millipore water to remove excess of reagents. Then, 5.0 μL of gold nanoparticles modified with glutathione (AuNP-GSH, 46.68 µg·mL−1

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• Zagreb, Croatia 10.3762/bjnano.10.175 Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the nano–bio interactions between endogenous biothiols (cysteine and glutathione) with biomedically relevant, metallic nanoparticles (silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)), in order to assess the

• the polymer-based nanoparticles with the same core material, while the use of glutathione for nanoparticle stabilization was considerably less toxic. These results represent a significant contribution to understanding the role of biothiols on the fate and behavior of metal-based nanomaterials

• . Keywords: biocompatibility; cysteine; ecotoxicity; glutathione; nano–bio interactions; nanosafety; nanotoxicity; Introduction Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver and gold have been employed in a wide range of products and applications in the biomedical field owing to their remarkable physico

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• ROS levels and protect themselves from the deleterious impact of uncontrolled ROS activity. The enzymatic antioxidant defense involves catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, which convert harmful oxidative products first to hydrogen peroxide and then to water. These processes are

• catalyzed by metal-ion cofactors, such as iron, copper, zinc, and manganese [3]. The non-enzymatic antioxidant defense uses glutathione, vitamins C and E, melatonin, catecholamines, and substances of plant origin, such as phenols and carotenoids, to interrupt undesirable ROS action. Phenolic compounds are

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• and lysosomes in microglia [10]. None of the NPs investigated resulted in cytotoxicity, decreased cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy or inflammation. However, exposure to NPs led to oxidative stress via depletion of cellular glutathione and to a downregulation of neuronal differentiation markers in

• kidney cells. Si-NPs induced time- and concentration-dependent neuronal cell death by production of reactive oxygen species and reduction of glutathione levels [12]. Similarly, Si-NPs led to morphological changes, concentration-dependent membrane damage, decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• , namely lipid peroxides, as well as antioxidant agents, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase was conducted. A comparison at different intervals of time after the administration of a dose (5 mg/kg) of PEG-nGO was carried out. An increase in free radicals and

• shown in Tables 1–5 and Figures 6–10. One hour after the intraperitoneal administration of PEG-nGO (5 mg/kg), the concentrations of lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced free radical scavenging enzymes (CAT, SOD, GST), and the tripeptide scavenger glutathione (GSH) was significant (P

• were no more significantly (P* < 0.05) increased in brain and liver, indicating a recovery from the induced OS. Glutathione is a tripeptide and, in its reduced form, acts as an active scavenger of free radicals produced as a result of lipid peroxidation. The concentration levels of the reduced

Thermal control of the defunctionalization of supported Au₂₅(glutathione)₁₈ catalysts for benzyl alcohol oxidation

• Zahraa Shahin,
• Hyewon Ji,
• Rodica Chiriac,
• Nadine Essayem,
• Franck Rataboul and
• Aude Demessence

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 228–237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.21

• des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI), Villeurbanne, France 10.3762/bjnano.10.21 Abstract Au25(SG)18 (SG – glutathione) clusters deposited on ZrO2 nanoparticles have been used as a catalyst for benzyl alcohol oxidation. Calcination was performed at different temperatures to study the ligand and

• under atmospheric pressure with 94% selectivity towards benzaldehyde. Keywords: benzyl alcohol oxidation; glutathione; gold nanoclusters; partial defunctionalization; supported catalyst; zirconium oxide nanoparticles; Introduction Since Haruta’s discovery of the catalytic activity of gold

• basic media. In the context of using atmospheric conditions for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol and a stable support, we present in this work the catalytic activity of a new composite material: Au25(SG)18 clusters (SG – glutathione) supported on ZrO2 nanoparticles. The interest in using ZrO2 comes from

The influence of phthalocyanine aggregation in complexes with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on the photophysical properties of the complexes

• Irina V. Martynenko,
• Anna O. Orlova,
• Vladimir G. Maslov,
• Anatoly V. Fedorov,
• Kevin Berwick and
• Alexander V. Baranov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.94

• ][21]. This statement was recently supported by the Nyokong group [22] where FRET efficiencies up to 93% were predicted in nanocomposites based on glutathione-capped CdTe/CdS/ZnS QDs covalently linked with aluminium sulfonated phthalocyanine. However, analysis of donor PL quenching and acceptor PL

Unraveling the neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: focusing on molecular mechanisms

• Bin Song,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Jia Liu,
• Xiaoli Feng,
• Ting Zhou and
• Longquan Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 645–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.57

• metabolism [15][16]. However, these free radicals can interact within biological systems, resulting in oxidative damage to the organism. These harmful effects can be counteracted by biological antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), the expression

• injection, the level of aromatase was reduced and glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities were suppressed, implying that the regulation of oxidative stress in the brain was disturbed. In this study, the angiotensin system was disrupted as well. In addition, after Shrivastava et al. [23] treated male

• . This was accompanied by elevated levels of ROS, MDA, constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide (NO), and inhibited activities of SOD, CAT, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and AChE

Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies

• Claudia Koch,
• Fabian J. Eber,
• Carlos Azucena,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Alexander M. Bittner,
• Holger Jeske,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Fania C. Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 613–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.54

• nanometric grooves and cavities (see [46] for the most recent high-resolution cryo-EM reconstruction of TMV at 3.35 Å resolution). These have inspired a striking piece of investigation, as one of the repetitively arranged depressions resembles the substrate-binding site of glutathione peroxidase (GPx, EC

• 1.11.1.9), a natural selenoenzyme: Computer-aided design identified adjacent, adequately positioned amino acids of the viral CP which offered the chance to be modified into a glutathione-attracting pocket containing a catalytic selenocysteine (Sec) moiety [133]. A corresponding project thus investigated if

• exposed serine by a cysteine residue, which then was equipped with its analogue Sec through heterologous expression in a bacterial system auxotrophic in cysteine (Figure 7). Not only did this protein organize itself into higher-order complexes under suitable conditions, after trapping reduced glutathione

Nanostructured surfaces by supramolecular self-assembly of linear oligosilsesquioxanes with biocompatible side groups

• Maria Nowacka,
• Anna Kowalewska and
• Tomasz Makowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2377–2387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.244

• -acetylcysteine, cysteine hydrochloride or glutathione) can form specific, self-assembled nanostructures when deposited on mica by dip coating. The mechanism of adsorption is based on molecule-to-substrate interactions between carboxylic groups and mica. Intermolecular cross-linking by hydrogen bonds was also

• derivatives of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), cysteine hydrochloride (Cys-HCl) and glutathione (GSH). Such self-assembled PSAMs based on polysilsesquioxane materials are attractive for surface nanopatterning and bioengineering, including preparation of surfaces rich in organic groups typical of the extracellular

• silsesquioxanes (LPSQ-COOH/X) were prepared (Scheme 1, Table 1) by the two-step addition of organic thio-derivatives, i.e., thioglycolic acid, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH) and cysteine hydrochloride (Cys-HCl), to the side chains of vinyl-containing LPSQ precursors obtained by polycondensation of

An ISA-TAB-Nano based data collection framework to support data-driven modelling of nanotoxicology

• Richard L. Marchese Robinson,
• Mark T. D. Cronin,
• Andrea-Nicole Richarz and
• Robert Rallo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1978–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.202

• . For example, oxidative stress and inflammation might be detected via measuring the level of glutathione or various cytokine biomarkers respectively [97]. (These sub-lethal phenomena would not be considered “cytotoxicity” by all researchers [84].) The manner in which this template was designed to

• capture sub-lethal cytotoxicity data is similar to the design of the genotoxicity Assay file template discussed above: the “Parameter Value [Biomarker]” column entries would state, for example, “glutathione” (depending upon the assay), with “Measurement Value […]” columns recording the “increase in