Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• ), making it a promising ingredient for NE formulations [31][32][33]. Clinical studies have demonstrated that fatty acids derived from linseed oil are effective in alleviating DED, primarily by modulating inflammatory responses and downregulating key molecular markers, such as interleukin-1 beta, matrix

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• the bending of bilayer geometries due to an overestimated contribution of sclerenchyma fiber stiffness. Geometries with discrete fibers embedded in a brown tissue matrix more accurately reproduced the bending angles observed in experiments. This highlights the importance of the chosen material

• embedded in a brown tissue matrix. Therefore, the use of more complex geometries, such as a remodeled scale, is recommended for a more accurate study of the biological system in silico. Tissue sample extraction from a Pinus jeffreyi cone scale. (A) The position of the cross section along the longitudinal

Energy spectrum and quantum phase transition of the coupled single spin and an infinitely coordinated Ising chain

• Seidali Seidov,
• Natalia Pugach and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1668–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.117

• the single-spin density matrix. One might choose to make or not to make the Markov approximation, obtaining different types of master equations. Given that the exact solution is known, different master equation solutions can be compared against it. This allows to study the limits of applicability of

• Hamiltonian now can be written as a 2 × 2 block matrix in the single-spin Hilbert space: Here are the Hamiltonians HLMG corresponding to eigenvalues ±1 of τz. These types of Hamiltonians are the Hamiltonians of the generalized Rabi models. These describe a two-level system connected not to a single bosonic

• mode, but to a more complicated environment [16][17][18]. Diagonalization in the Spin Space The Hamiltonian in the spin space can be diagonalized using the formula for the determinant of a 2 × 2 block matrix. This is also known as the Fulton–Gouterman transformation [19]. This leads to two effective

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• biological environments, potential immunogenicity, scalability of manufacturing processes, and the need for comprehensive long-term toxicity studies [20][21]. Overcoming biological barriers, such as penetration through the dense tumor extracellular matrix, also remains a major hurdle [19]. Nevertheless

• -EGCG, as well as manganin, FeCl3, and the PD-L1 antibody. Hyaluronic acid is a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix and has diverse biomedical applications [115]. It can be obtained through the fermentation of bacteria and yeasts, as well as animal sources, using

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• % and 1.0% (w/w) with T. serrulatus venom was possible to evidence that all proteins of the venom were incorporated within the polymeric matrix, since the protein bands were not evidenced in the gel. The PLA nanoparticles and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used as controls (Figure 1). This assay

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• membrane by integrating sustainably synthesized MIL-100 (Fe) MOF nanoparticles into a polysulfone (PSF) matrix. This PSF/MIL-100 (Fe) membrane exhibited substantial improvements over the unmodified PSF membrane (M0), particularly in terms of membrane structure, surface hydrophilicity (with the water

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• -reinforced polypropylene and exhibits a continuously graded mistletoe-inspired V-shaped interface. Microtomographic analyses quantified the gradual transition of the glass fiber content along one specimen from 0 to 30%, further revealing the random fiber orientation in the polymer matrix. Tensile tests

• toolbox of the Matlab software (version R2023a, MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, United States). First, all intensity values of the images were normalized. Only the area of the polypropylene matrix was considered, and the pixel area of the resulting binary image (At) was calculated. A second binary

•  4A shows representative cross-sectional μCT images for each scan. The relatively small difference in brightness between the PP matrix (dark grey) and the surrounding air (black) compared to the very bright appearing glass fibers can be explained by the large difference in density between the polymer

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• the water diffusion pathway [92][93]. For instance, blending high-aspect-ratio inorganic flakes (e.g., SiO2) with a biodegradable poly(caprolactone) matrix has been shown to create tortuous diffusion paths that hinder direct water penetration, thereby improving moisture resistance and achieving a

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• profile. The average size of the Si NPs was calculated using ImageJ software. A more detailed analysis of the TEM images showed the tendency of the particles prepared using an annular beam to gather into aggregates surrounded by a non-uniform matrix or shell, while in the case of a Gaussian beam, the

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• tissue engineering, scaffolds are the main element that assists cells to grow, organize, and create new tissue [25]. Nanofibers are ideal in creating scaffolds because they have a large surface area and resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Moreover, nanofibers offer a proper place for cells

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• and Ag) are present in extremely low quantities relative to the CTA matrix. (For specific details on the content of the modifying layers, please refer to Supporting Information File 1.) The sensitivity of FTIR spectroscopy depends on the concentration of the absorbed species and the path length of the

• the low content of the modifying agents (PDA and Ag) relative to the CTA matrix. This low concentration results in negligible changes in the overall thermal behavior of the composite materials, as detected by TGA. This observation also suggests that the interaction between Ag and CTA or between PDA

• close to the theoretical value of PDA, which proves the successful modification of PDA on the surface of CTA. At the same time, it indicates that the thickness of PDA layer exceeds the maximum thickness detectable by XPS which has a detectable thickness of organic matrix of about 7.5 nm [30]. In the

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• . These nanoparticles consist of a solid lipid core matrix stabilized by emulsifiers in an aqueous dispersion [70][71][72]. SLNs were developed as an alternative nanocarrier system to emulsions, liposomes, and polymeric nanoparticles, combining the advantages of traditional liposomal and polymeric systems

• and bioavailability [71]. They are formulated from lipids that are generally recognized as safe, making them highly biocompatible and low in toxicity [72]. Moreover, the solid lipid matrix slows down drug diffusion and lipid degradation, enabling a controlled, long-lasting release of the encapsulated

• encapsulation in SLNs include high-pressure homogenization and microemulsion techniques. In these processes, drugs are incorporated in the melted lipid before nanoparticle formation, leading to high entrapment efficiency within the solidified lipid matrix, whereas hydrophilic drugs may be partitioned at the

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• cells. Therefore, specific transporters are often overexpressed to meet these nutrient requirements (such as the amino acid transporter B0,+ (ATB0,+), and the cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT)) [152][174]. Also, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) is an enzyme located outside cells that contributes to

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• tumor models, 231M-ARS@PLGA reduced the SWE stiffness and tumor hypoxia, which potently enhanced the antitumor effects of OTX and PD1 inhibitor. Importantly, single-cell sequencing demonstrated two main CAFs (extracellular matrix and wound-healing CAFs) that produce extracellular matrix could influence

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• matrix properties, including tensile strength, elasticity, and thermal stability, due to its high surface area, hydroxy groups forming hydrogen bonds, and excellent dispersion within the matrix [20][21]. This improvement is attributed to interaction between hydroxy groups in NC and PVA, effectively

• the trapping effect of the polymer matrix on CEO [31]. XRD analysis (Figure 1c) shows that all biopackaging samples exhibit only large peaks at around 22° and 26°, which correspond to the (101) and (200) planes of the PVA structure [40]. It is to note that a slight peak shift to higher angles can be

• reinforcing effect of nanocellulose within the polymer matrix [41]. The presence of PE-CEO slightly decreases tensile strength and elongation at break to 24.82 MPa and 190%, respectively [43]. FTIR spectra of the biopackaging films containing different concentrations of CEO are shown in Figure 2a. The

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• structural organization of the intercellular lipid matrix of the SC [171][172][173]. The poor cutaneous permeability leads to low efficacy [170] and low selectivity [174] of drugs on the skin. Nonetheless, the development of topical delivery systems, such as nanostructured systems, has been qualified as the

• ., they promote the disruption of the SC intercellular matrix [175] and/or extraction of the SC lipids [180]). Moreover, some penetration enhancers may operate by more than one permeation mechanism, which involves modifying either the diffusion of the drug in the SC or the solubility of the drug in the

• the drug due to its higher availability at the site of action [37][215]. The pH difference observed in the intracellular environment (pH ≈ 4.8) when compared with the epidermal extracellular matrix (pH ≈ 5.5) is another characteristic evaluated to increase the efficiency of tumor-targeted drug

Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• dissolution mechanism is mainly governed by simple diffusion, without significant swelling or erosion of the polymeric matrix [8], which is commonly observed in hydrophilic polymeric systems, as those produced by P407 [24]. In this context, the drug molecules diffuse through the micellar network driven by

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• that the nanocomposite achieved an LC50 of 91.7 ppm, representing a 23.6% increase in larvicidal efficacy compared to the rotenoids in their natural form. The nanocomposite also induced dose-dependent morphological and physiological alterations in the larvae, including damage to the peritrophic matrix

• encapsulation efficiency is estimated to be ≥99% within the detection limits of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods applied, indicating a highly effective incorporation of the rotenoids into the nanochitosan matrix. In addition to the high encapsulation

• between the rotenoids and the nanocomposite matrix was obtained through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Figure 3A shows the FTIR spectra of CS/TPP-β-CD, CS/TPP-β-CD loaded with rotenoids (CS/TPP-β-CD-rot), and pure rotenoids. All three spectra display a broad absorption band in the 3600

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• matrix has been reported for monometallic systems [95][97][98] and alloys [76][77], stabilizing amorphous structures and enhancing glass formation ability (GFA). In general, Si, B, P, and carbon have been reported to diffuse into metallic matrices and thus enhance the GFA, whereas carbon seems to have

• metallic matrix of the forming HEA NPs, being the reason behind the stabilized amorphous structure. Figure 5 illustrates the hypothesized differences during ps- and ns-LAL. In ps-LAL, the time when the temperature is high enough for the plume and particles to stay in a liquid state (TL) is short and can be

Deep learning for enhancement of low-resolution and noisy scanning probe microscopy images

• Samuel Gelman,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Nir Kampf,
• Marek Patočka,
• Maricarmen Rios,
• Marcos Penedo,
• Georg Fantner,
• Amir Beker,
• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Ido Azuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.83

• compared to the GT. There was no statistically significant difference between the performance of deep learning models compared to the traditional methods, as shown by the p-value Tukey’s range test matrix comparisons in Figure 3 (all p-values are bigger than 0.98, except for that of the bilinear method

• invariance to scale and rotation [43]. These features were then matched across images using a brute force matching algorithm, followed by k-nearest neighbors to refine the matching process based on Euclidean distance [44]. The best corresponding pixel matches were used to compute the homography matrix

• 0.23 μm on full image and detail, respectively. p-Values for six different metrics (PSNR, SSIM, Fourier Sharpness, PI, Ma, and NIQE) for the two data sets, (a) Celgard® 2400 membrane and (b) titanium film, generated using Tukey’s range test. For clarity, only the lower triangular matrix values are

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• 10.3762/bjnano.16.78 Abstract Bone tissue, also known as bone, is a hard and specialized connective tissue consisting of various bone cells. Internally, it has a honeycomb-like matrix providing rigidity to the bone and a piezoelectric feature contributing to bone remodeling. Bone remodeling is a crucial

• nucleation of calcium and phosphate ions, imparting stiffness and resistance to bone. Additionally, collagen and noncollagenous matrix proteins contribute to bone formation by offering a scaffold for hydroxyapatite deposition [2][3]. Bone tissue consists of four main cell types: bone lining cells

• ]. Osteocytes, the longest-lived bone cells, arise from osteoblast differentiation and regulate bone maintenance [7]. Osteoblasts, found on bone surfaces, drive bone formation through two key steps: matrix deposition and mineralization. During matrix deposition, collagen and noncollagenous proteins are secreted

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• within the MOF microporous matrix, which serves as an oxygen reservoir linked to the polymer electrocatalytic material, enhances the overall ORR activity. This exemplary work demonstrated the potential for a new method of fabricating MOF-based electrocatalytic surfaces. Further enhancements in

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• morphology and properties of the polymer matrix by altering its structure, crystallinity, thermal stability, and mechanical behavior [9][10][11]. CNTs can be classified into two basic types, namely, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). SWCNTs exhibit slightly

• , 2, and 3 wt % of MWCNTs functionalized with carboxyl groups with PBS in a batch mixer resulted in a uniform distribution of agglomerated MWCNTs within the polymer matrix, an increase in the storage modulus, and enhanced electrical conductivity of PBS. Moreover, MWCNTs had a significant effect on the

• thermal properties of BioPBS (hereafter PBS). To improve the distribution of MWCNTs (hereafter CNTs) within the polymer matrix and precisely control the CNT content, a nanocomposite preparation method utilizing a polymer masterbatch was employed, involving double mixing stages in a twin-screw extruder

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74