Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• application of metalloantibiotics is limited by their potential toxicity, instability, and lack of target specificity. Encapsulating metalloantibiotics in drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, and polymeric carriers, could mitigate these challenges, enhancing their therapeutic index and

• the drug accumulation. Optimization of these parameters helps to maximize efficacy and mitigate toxicity of the payload [39]. Infection sites often present unique microenvironmental features, a factor that nanoparticles exploit to achieve precise therapeutic delivery. For example, polymeric

• nanoparticles constructed with pH-sensitive polymers can be engineered to degrade in acidic environments, such as those found at infection sites. Additionally, certain bacteria at these sites express enzymes like lipase and hyaluronidase, which can be leveraged to design enzyme-sensitive antibiotic delivery

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• Ferroptosis has shown potential therapeutic effects in tumor therapy as an iron-dependent programmed cell death. The induction of ferroptosis is based on lipid peroxidation, the accumulation of iron and reactive oxygen species, and the depletion of glutathione. Nowadays, various nanoparticles are reported for

• systems include precise targeting, controlled release over time, prolonged half-life, and reduced systemic toxicity [19]. Liposomes, as lipid-based nanoparticles, hold promise for improving cancer therapies as they can encapsulate various anticancer molecules [20]. A liposome typically consists of a

• traditional methods, such as thin film hydration, to produce liposomes and lipid nanoparticles [113][120]. Microfluidics offers exceptional control over particle size, lower variability, higher EE, and better scalability, making it the most advanced and practical approach for nanoparticle production [115][119

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• , horizontally aligned carbon nanotubes (HA-CNTs) were synthesized inside a miniature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) cell with an optical window (Linkam TS1500). ST-cut quartz and iron nanoparticles served as substrate and catalyst, respectively. Ethanol and argon were, respectively, used as carbon precursor

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• 38040, Turkey Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China 10.3762/bjnano.16.92 Abstract The emergence of nanotechnology offers a promising avenue for enhancing cancer treatment outcomes. In this context, biomimetic nanoparticles have

• emerged as an exciting frontier in the field of biomedicine. These nanoparticles can emulate essential biological functions, drawing from an abundant reservoir of cellular capabilities. This includes engaging in biological binding, precise homing to tumor sites, and interaction with immune cells. These

• inherent traits endow biomimetic nanoparticles with a suite of intelligent features, including biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, reduced toxicity, immune evasion, prolonged circulation, homotypic binding, enhanced tumor targeting, and the capability of precise delivery. By integrating biologically

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• the tumor with leakage permeable to blood flow due to disordered endothelial cell layers. This cellular organization of the vasculature with increased permeability allows increased uptake of nanoparticles by endocytosis and, consequently, increased cytotoxic effect of antineoplastic drugs. Thus, with

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• delivery system for rotenoids isolated from Clitoria fairchildiana seeds, leveraging their larvicidal activity against third-instar larvae of Ae. aegypti. The nanocomposite was synthesized using a controlled ionic gelation method incorporating the TPP-β-CD inclusion complex, which resulted in nanoparticles

• nanoparticles exhibited no adverse effects on larval survival, which is attributed to the biocompatibility and nontoxic nature of chitosan, a biodegradable polysaccharide structurally related to the insect exoskeleton and widely recognized for its environmental safety. Additionally, neither rotenoids nor the CS

• impacts associated with traditional synthetic insecticides [9][10]. Chitosan nanoparticles, derived from a biodegradable and nontoxic polysaccharide, have proven effective in reducing post-harvest deterioration of fruits and vegetables, in addition to exhibiting well-documented antimicrobial properties

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• their bulk counterparts [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Zinc sulfide (ZnS) attracts considerable attention among various nanomaterials due to its unique properties. Nanostructured ZnS with different morphologies, including nanotubes, nanowires, nanoparticles, and nanosheets has been extensively investigated

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• proposed [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Likewise, the application of silver and copper nanoparticles to block these molecular pores has been reported for PA and other bacteria as well [33][34][35][36][37]. In the latter cases, a direct consequence of this highly controlled membrane permeability is that

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• Interface Science (KiNSIS), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.84 Abstract High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA NPs) represent a promising material class with significant potential in various applications, such as heterogeneous

• unknown, particularly the underexplored preference of amorphous over crystalline structures warrants further investigation. Herein, we present a systematic study of laser-generated equimolar CrMnFeCoNi nanoparticles, focusing on structural differences, arising from varying pulse durations during synthesis

• various applications in magnetic technologies [2][3] and electrocatalysis [2][4], derived from the combination of single-element properties which results in enhanced features compared to single-element properties [5]. High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA NPs) constitute a relatively new class of

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• equations for a sphere of given diameter and homogeneous refractive index n = 1 – δ + iβ [22], an approach well suited to the spherical nanoparticles examined here. Mie theory is one example of scattering theory in which the time-independent part of the final field is given by the sum of the incident and

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• = AlCl, Fe, Co, Zn) and Pt complex octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) by nanosecond laser fragmentation of the corresponding microcrystalline powders in an aqueous solution of the amphiphilic polymer Pluronic® F-127. All nanoparticles dispersed stably in phosphate-buffered saline and cell culture media without

• any precipitation for longer than one week. The aqueous F-127 solution at 0.1 wt % concentration, which is about one tenth of the critical micelle concentration, was enough to fabricate nanoparticles with excellent dispersion stability and high production efficiency. We examined the photosensitized

• generation of reactive oxygen species by AlClPc, ZnPc, and PtOEP nanoparticles and the photocytotoxicity for PC12 and HeLa cells, and demonstrated that the nanoparticles can be used as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Keywords: aqueous colloid; photosensitizer; phthalocyanine; pulsed laser

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• SiC surface and stored at room temperature. The synthesized hBN and commercial BaTiO3 nanoparticles (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) were characterized using several analytical techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL ARM 200 CF, 200 keV) was employed to examine morphology and particle size by

• , UV–vis results, DLS analysis, and topographic images of hBNs and BaTiO3 nanoparticles. Supporting Information File 12: Additional figures. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the research group members for their valuable discussions and technical assistance throughout the study. The

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• system reverts to its original state. It was demonstrated that the gold nanorods are capable of significant lateral diffusion, exhibiting a considerable distance of movement. Hybrid materials comprising anisotropic nanoparticles and polymer brushes were designed and subjected to dynamic control

• . Consequently, rod-shaped gold nanoparticles have been the subject of considerable interest with regard to their potential use in optical antennas, sensitive biosensors, and medical applications. This is due to their strong plasmonic absorption in the visible–near infrared region, which is caused by electronic

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• scattering; Review Introduction Laser synthesis and processing of materials with emphasis on structure formation on the nanoscale offers a multitude of pathways to desired structure-related functions [1]. In green processes, nanostructures and nanoparticles (NPs) can be produced that serve applications in

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• of Korea 10.3762/bjnano.16.71 Abstract Herein, biowaste- (from Pongammia pinnata leaves) derived carbon dots (CDs) have been utilized as a mediator for the production of silver nanoparticles (PG-CDs-AgNPs) as a superior supercapacitor electrode. The methodology presented here is inexpensive and

• electrodes for energy storing. Keywords: asymmetric supercapacitor; carbon dots; fluorescence emission; green approach; silver nanoparticles; Introduction The extensive usage of fossil fuels is a result from the rising demand for energy. However, the use of fossil fuels is not sufficient to attend the

• synthesized cost-effective carbon-dot- (CD) mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for supercapacitor electrodes. AgNPs have garnered substantial interest due to their capacity to effectively facilitate biological, optical, chemical, electrical, and industrial applications [13][14]. AgNPs are widely utilized

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• Fe2O3 nanoparticles and VO2 nanorods on the 2D rGO surface. Notably, the ternary composite displayed good magnetic properties for its potential biomedical applications. Overall, this work explores an efficient and cost-effective synthetic approach for developing graphene-based magnetic nanocomposites

• to these approaches due to lesser time consumption and the lack of sophisticated instrumentation. In this aspect, Kumar et al. demonstrated a facile MW-assisted synthetic route for the perforation and decoration of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on rGO sheets [10]. The resultant NC displayed its potential

• ]. The presence of magnetic behavior in GVF further promotes the occurrence of iron oxide nanoparticles. Moreover, the low magnetic moment of GVF compared to that of native α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (mostly synthesized through the Fe-based aqueous salt) could account for the low levels of α-Fe2O3 formed

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• process occurring at the interface between diamond and Ni nanoparticles was revealed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) [19][24]. During annealing, Ni nanoparticles etch the diamond surface, resulting in the formation of a narrow interdiffusion zone. The carbon atoms released

• contrast, the Ni nanoparticles penetrate beneath the (110) and (100) surfaces, creating pits that were partially filled with graphite covalently bonded to the etched diamond surface. From prior works, it can be seen that the Ni-assisted graphitization of diamond has been studied on either SCDs, which have

• (100) and (110) faces are etched simply, while the (111) face is flattened during the process. We assume that small nickel nanoparticles formed above the (110) faces are embedded in the diamond, while their agglomerates remain on the (111) faces, appearing as large particles enclosed in carbon shells

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• hybridization occurring at the interface between cerium oxide and metals, either as substrates [23], as supported nanoparticles (NPs) [26][27] or as dopants [28]. The insight provided by such studies is highly relevant, since cerium oxide is often combined with metals in various applications. For example, it

• minimum of the inelastic mean free path. A study by Simon et al. on porous Pt-doped cerium oxide films prepared by direct liquid injection chemical vapor deposition, comparing conventional and synchrotron-radiation based XPS, has demonstrated that the Pt atoms are uniformly dispersed in the nanoparticles

• under UHV conditions. Such instruments, installed at synchrotron radiation facilities and applied to ceria-based model systems have given an important contribution to understanding the surface chemistry of specific reactions. Coexisting Pt and ceria nanoparticles supported on TiO2(110) were found to

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• . The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the surface of raw MoS2 film, hydrogen-annealed film, and PyC film are compared in Figure 1b,c,e. The raw MoS2 film covers the entire area of the substrate and contains polysulfide nanoparticles on the surface (Figure 1b). These nanoparticles are absent

• surface correspond to Pt nanoparticles, the presence of which is confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). These nanoparticles have a uniform size and are densely distributed on the sample surface, in contrast to the polysulfide particles of

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• comprehensive synthesis approach for rare-earth-free compositionally complex alloys (CCAs) with magnetic phase transitions, spanning from bulk materials to nanoparticles. Specifically, we investigate Mn22.3Fe22.2Ni22.2Ge16.65Si16.65 (Ge-based CCA) and Mn0.5Fe0.5NiSi0.93Al0.07 (Al-based CCA). The bulk materials

• are prepared by ball milling and spark plasma sintering or powder pressing and sintering. Nanoparticles (NPs) from the bulk materials are synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquid. Magnetization measurements confirm a ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transition in bulk alloys, with Tc = 179 K

• indicate that the Al-based CCA is a promising, cost-effective alternative to Ge-based CCA at nanoscale, providing an economically viable and cost-effective alternative for nanoscale-based applications. Keywords: compositionally complex alloys; magnetic phase transition; nanoparticles; pulsed laser

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• , bandgap energy, and formation energy of the molecular system of bilayer graphene intercalated with a water layer. In the experimental aspect, green chemistry methods were applied for synthesizing GO nanosheets, rice-husk-derived silica gel (SG), nanosilica–zinc hydroxide nanoparticles (SG-ZH), and

• circular economy [18][19][20][21]. Especially, GO nanosheets decorated with SG-ZH nanoparticles have hydrophilic surfaces to retain hydration layers in the hydrogel structure of the GO-SG-ZH nanocomposite. Hydration layers in the GO-SG-ZH hydrogel also function as lubricants at the nanomaterials interfaces

• nanosheets, SG nanoparticles, and ZH nanostructures are attractive to water molecules to form hydration shells on the surfaces. In addition to hydration layers, the three-dimensional assembly of graphene-based nanosheets provides high porosity as water reservoirs which supply water to intersheet spacings

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• disulfide (FeS2)) nanoparticles (NPs) of different morphologies using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) in different organic solvents. The impact of the solvent on the morphological, compositional, and optical properties of the synthesized NPs is investigated by techniques such as transmission electron

• prepared by PLAL. Keywords: electrophoretic deposition; pulsed laser ablation in liquid; pyrite nanoparticles; self-powered photodetector; spin coating; Introduction Pyrite (FeS2) is one of the earth-abundant and nontoxic semiconductors possessing a promising role in optoelectronic applications. FeS2 has

• synthesize pyrite nanoparticles in various solvents, including isopropyl alcohol (IPA), dimethyl formamide (DMF), ethanol, methanol, and acetone, using a 532 nm wavelength output from a Nd:YAG laser. Pulsed laser ablation in liquid has been demonstrated as a reliable alternative to conventional chemical

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• changes upon dissolution in saline were tested. For the undissolved sample, calcium alginate microcapsules with irregular shapes were registered via scanning electron microscopy, inside which core–shell nanoparticles were identified by transmission electron microscopy micrographs. Magnetic studies (DC and

• completely dissolved sample. Keywords: calcium alginate; dissolution; iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles; magnetic properties; saline; spectroscopy; Introduction Hematinic are substances such as iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid that are essential in the production of blood [1]. Iron deficiency drugs, which

• belong to the hematinic category, are a broad class of medical products in which varied iron agents are used, very often in the form of core–shell nanoparticles, where iron ions (in the structure of iron oxide mineral) are concentrated in the core, and the shell is generally composed of carbohydrates

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• Demian van Straten Luuk van de Schepop Rowan Frunt Pieter Vader Raymond M. Schiffelers CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands 10.3762/bjnano.16.57 Abstract Nanoparticles play a crucial role in drug delivery research. The protein corona that develops on the

• surface of nanoparticles after administration has garnered substantial attention due to the significant effects it has on their performance. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) depend on protein corona formation to mediate their targeting. Such protein–nanoparticle interactions are often initially studied using in

• inherent limitations of different classes of therapeutics, ranging from small molecule drugs, to biologicals such as proteins and nucleic acids. Nanoparticles can enhance the solubility and stability of their payload, prolong its circulation time, and improve its biodistribution to increase their safety

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• significant morphological changes compared to pristine CMC (Figure 2a–c). Specifically, the PGC surface exhibits numerous, uniformly distributed spherical nanoparticles (≈200 nm in diameter), attributed to ZnO nanoparticles. The initial tubular structure of CMC is converted into a film-like structure owing to