Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• ]. Unlike methods that focus on bulk transformations, this technique enables the targeted introduction and fine-tuning of specific defects, unlocking unprecedented opportunities for advanced material design and performance optimization [86]. By carefully adjusting the laser parameters, the spatial

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• removal efficiency in wastewater treatment applications. Biochar synthesis techniques and functional optimization Biochar synthesis The synthesis methods for biochar, as illustrated in Figure 4, encompass traditional hydrolysis techniques and modified approaches utilizing materials such as magnetic

• magnetic biochar, further demonstrating its adaptability as a remediation tool. Despite significant progress, several critical challenges must be addressed before biochar can be widely applied for MP remediation. Optimization of surface properties remains essential to enhance removal efficiency

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• , parylene-C encapsulation, and laser-assisted nanowire tip exposure. The nanowire electrode structure and the corresponding functionality are described. Electrochemical testing results of dopamine and glucose detection are also presented. Results and Discussion After optimization of the growth parameters

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• the drug accumulation. Optimization of these parameters helps to maximize efficacy and mitigate toxicity of the payload [39]. Infection sites often present unique microenvironmental features, a factor that nanoparticles exploit to achieve precise therapeutic delivery. For example, polymeric

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• that enable simultaneous diagnosis and therapy [132][133]. However, adding multiple components can complicate the manufacturing process and increase costs, requiring careful optimization and scale-up strategies. As shown in Figure 2, there are different types of liposomes. Liposome technology without

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• fixed at 20 mW. For each wavelength, four different step sizes and scanning speeds were explored. Table 1 below displays the optimal spatial periodicity of LIPSS structures obtained for each wavelength. In this work, we fabricated LIPSS over a large area 5 mm × 5 mm and optimization was carried out for

• . The optimization regarding LIPSS was performed by varying the scanning speed and the step size between the consecutive lines to generate large-area LIPSS for each irradiation wavelength. Effect of scanning speed The comparative analysis of LSFL and HSFL spatial periodicity with varying numbers of

• patterns. Perfect overlapping optimization becomes paramount in this process; any discrepancies in overlapping, whether excessive or insufficient, can lead to the destruction of LIPSS or incomplete patterning across the large surface area. From the correlation between wavelength and spot diameter, the spot

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• quality remains a significant challenge, affecting the reproducibility and optimization of the final photoanodes. Building on these limitations, in this study, we introduce a novel controlled-intensity current electrodeposition method to precisely tailor the deposition conditions of BiOI and subsequently

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• the axis of the nanotube. A density mesh cutoff of 150 Rydberg was applied to define the real-space grid for energy calculations. The ZnS NT model, consisting of 36 atoms periodically arranged along the Z-direction, was structurally optimized to achieve geometric and energetic stability. Optimization

• the changes in Zn–S bond lengths near the CP adsorption site for different orientations before and after optimization, alongside the adsorption distance between the adsorbate and adsorbent. The most significant changes in bond length were observed near the atomic positions Zn(10)–S(13)–Zn(9), which

Transfer function of an asymmetric superconducting Gauss neuron

• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Aleksander S. Ionin,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Mikhail S. Sidel’nikov,
• Sergey V. Egorov and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1160–1170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.85

• mentioned above (i.e., screen-mediated interaction) may become more and more severe when one connects more neurons together. This is why the search for the ways to suppress the cross-talk remains one of the main directions of the neuron’s design optimization. It is worth noting that the expression for the t

• this decreases Msq by about five times. It is also useful to eliminate sections of the SQUID that are parallel to the CL. This is the main direction of optimization of the Gauss neuron design at the present time. Conclusion In this work, the changes in the form of the transfer function (TF) of a Gauss

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• performance may be attained by means of improvements in electron transport properties and optimization of the loading of the MOF within the LbL nanostructures. The creation of well-defined soft multilayer structures comprising a variety of components represents a crucial strategy in the field of soft

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• biological applications. Further optimization of MW power and other reaction conditions can improve the characteristics of the composite, which could be the future prospects of the current work. Lastly, the current work opens a new door for synthesizing magnetic composites based on graphene materials along

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• its sensitivity, the method, when combined with other techniques, has provided quantitative information on the number of electrons transferred per particle to the support (Figure 2), enabling the optimization of the size of the supported active Pt catalyst [27]. This is a crucial factor in minimizing

• active sites in catalysts is a crucial problem in view of the optimization of catalyst efficiency and selectivity. The possibility of carrying out spectroscopic studies under conditions as close as possible to ambient pressure has largely contributed to this goal. The application of these methods to

• can be exploited to obtain insight into the processes following photoexcitation in photocatalysts, important for the rational optimization of these materials’ efficiency. In ceria, as well as in other semiconducting oxides, the formation of photoinduced small polarons after bandgap photoexcitation

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• bilayer graphene structure that mimics the AB stacking in multilayer graphite. DFT optimization calculation presented that pristine bilayer graphene has the formation energy of −9.3778 eV/supercell, intersheet distance of 3.459 Å, and van der Waals binding energy of 0.064 eV/atom (Figure 1a and Table 1

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• parallel to one another and immersed in 12.5 mL FeS2 nanocolloid (FIPA) kept at room temperature during EPD. A potential difference of 400 V (constant voltage, with current of approximately 2 mA) was applied after optimization of EPD conditions. The deposition was carried out for 1 h. The positive

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• , this adsorbent offers a sustainable alternative to synthetic materials that pose environmental risks. In addition to wastewater treatment, this material could be utilized in medicine, pharmaceuticals, air purification, and environmental monitoring. Results and Discussion Experimental optimization

• interrelationships. To address this challenge, statistical experimental design methodologies, notably response surface methodology (RSM), have been developed. RSM, a robust integration of mathematical and statistical techniques, is extensively employed for process optimization and the elucidation of interactions

• , lower Ca2+ concentrations impede chelate formation between Ca2+ and TC (Figure 1b). Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization in MODDE 5.0 identified the following optimal values for maximizing the objective function: X1 = 1.5 g, X2 = 1.0 g, X3 = 0.01 mL, and X4 = 0.1. These optimized parameters

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• always coincides with a higher degree of chemical degradation. Hence, further process optimization is necessary to quantitatively compare the interplay between these opposing mechanisms (fragmentation versus chemical degradation). The main advantage of fragmentation is a reduction of particle size, which

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• temperature and N2 pressure. This optimization aimed to achieve a low oxygen concentration in the films, surpassing levels reported by other researchers. Low oxygen content is crucial for exhibiting superconducting properties and potentially enhancing Tc. Among the fabricated samples, the film deposited at

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• '-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) [15][16] and Li+ ions interacting with TiO2 [17][18]) has also been proposed to explain the asymmetrical distribution of charges within the perovskite [19][20]. Many research endeavors involve the optimization of ETLs in terms of

• passivation, post-fabrication treatment, and choice of optimal materials [21][22][23], leaving research on HTL optimization vastly overlooked. In regular n-i-p architecture devices mostly two organic semiconductors have been used as HTL in the past: spiro-OMeTAD and poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl

• adjacent perovskite. There have been many studies trying to address these points and advance PSC performance through HTL optimization, with conventional approaches mainly focusing on the doping strategies applied to these two materials [26][27][28][29]. The organic semiconductors spiro-OMeTAD and PTAA are

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• optimization of CNT/CNF synthesis in flame environments. An ethylene/air co-flow, non-premixed flame was used with a catalyst substrate of iron, nickel, and platinum wires of 0.1–0.25 mm diameter. The study found that carbon monoxide is a major contributor to CNT formation in flames, and the model also showed

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• associated with isolated cations or those formed during the hydrogenation process. This work highlights the potential of bimetallic CoNiZIE materials as efficient catalysts for selective hydrogenation reactions, paving the way for further optimization and exploration of similar catalytic systems

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• pores that were initially analyzed in this work. The rhombic and triangular pores were passivated with hydrogen atoms, as shown in Figure 2a,b and Figure 3a–d. After optimization, wrinkles were observed in both the rhombic and triangular porous structures, which were not observed in deposited pores [34

• hydrogen atoms directed away from the monolayer (Figure 4d). For each orientation, the water molecule was initially positioned at the geometrical center of the pore, at distances of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 Å above the h-BN monolayer, as shown in Figure 4. After geometry optimization, we observed that in

• adsorption energies calculated using the PBE functional are more sensitive to the initial height of the water molecule. For the fourth initial configuration (Figure 4d), the optimization resulted in a final configuration where the oxygen atom is close to the B–H-terminated edge and the hydrogen atoms of the

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• thickness and investigating the effects of these factors on the characteristics of molybdenum thin films. This study promotes the development of next-generation Mo thin films with precisely tuned characteristics. The findings of this research contribute to the optimization and development of Mo thin films

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• Centers for Research and Education in Science and Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 091, India Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai - 400 085, India 10.3762/bjnano.16.37 Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive optimization of key parameters for

• the transformative impact of nanopatterning through low-energy inert ions. Keywords: optimization of ion current; surface topography; TEM; ultralow-energy ECR-based ion source; UV–vis spectroscopy; Introduction Ion sources serve as fundamental components in numerous scientific and industrial

• context of optimization of inert Ar-ion beam and subsequent ion-induced silicon nanopatterning. The TEM used for this work is a FEI Tecnai G2 12 Twin model, which operates at a voltage range of 20–120 kV. It employs a LaB6 emitter as the electron source and offers a line resolution of 0.2 nm with a

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• trap oxidizing species such as hydroxyl radicals since it has more reaction points than monovalent alcohols. When considering industrial applications, optimization using additives is essential not only in terms of the efficiency of nanoparticle synthesis but also cost, by-products, and solvent