Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V

• Philipp Rahe,
• Ilko Bald,
• Nadine Hauptmann,
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel,
• Harry Mönig and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6

• calculations. Eftekari et al. measure the local surface photovoltage generated in a silicon photodiode integrated with a piezoelectric membrane [8]. The design of such a device allows for the laterally resolved simultaneous quantification of the photovoltage generated by the photodiode as well as the

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• composed of pectic polysaccharides and arabinogalactan protein [140]. This glue-like substance is secreted also by other climbing plants (Parthenocissus quinquefolia and Campsis radicans), which develop special organs, such as tendrils, supporting them in attachment to the substrates [141]. Quantification

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• end concentration of 0.5 ppm, followed by the addition of ʟ-car-AgNPs as a sensing probe. The dispersion was then examined for colorimetric/spectrophotometric changes. Finally, the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the developed nanosensors were estimated through a

• lose the ability to interact with the trivalent metal ions because of the formation of bigger particles, which was confirmed by TEM and DLS measurements. Interference study and quantification of the detection limit for Cd2+ and Pb2+ using ʟ-car-AgNP1 The ability of ʟ-car-AgNP1 as a probe for the

• detection and development of a sensing probe, quantification of the detection limit for Cd2+ and Pb2+ using ʟ-car-AgNP1 was carried out, and LOD and LOQ were calculated. In Figure 7c and Figure 7e, only a single metal (i.e., Cd2+ or Pb2+) was added to ʟ-car-AgNP1, and the changes as functions of the metal

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• aggregates form and are joined together through π stacking [45]. As mentioned earlier, quantification of the activation of intrinsic coagulation on SLIPS surfaces have not been fully investigated. For biomaterials, the intrinsic pathway has been shown to activate upon exposure, whereas in vivo the extrinsic

• across all our experimental and control surfaces (Figure 6). The observed range of fibrin generation time of 5–30 min was consistent with those reported previously using similar methods of turbidimetric quantification on other experimental surfaces [33][50]. We observed that plasma clotted 2.5× slower on

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• . Quantification of CTAB through UHPLC The quantification of bound CTAB on the nanoparticles’ surface was analyzed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC; Shimadzu, Nexera, Tokyo, Japan). The chromatography system equipped with an SPD-M20A photodiode array (PDA) detector with a wavelength range

• of 190–800 nm, a degreaser (DGU-20A5R), autosampler (SIL-30AD), and quaternary pump (LC-30AD). The separation peak for CTAB was analyzed using HpersilGoldTM C18 (100 × 2.1 mm, 10 μm) with a pore diameter of 1.9 μm. The injection volume was 5 µL, and the wavelength was 208 nm for CTAB quantification

• to confirm the peak value of the compound. The supernatants of centrifuged CTAB-capped nanoparticles were used for CTAB quantification. Stability of CTAB-capped metal nanoparticles in NaCl and NaOH solutions In order to determine the ability and functionality of CTAB on metal nanoparticle surfaces

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• 1.0 mg·mL–1) and later used for the quantification of captured SiO2NPs-ZW-FO. The calculations were performed using the value obtained at the maximum of the emission band. Stability of SiO2NPs in cell culture medium and human plasma Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements were performed to

• (14000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C) and repeated four times. The SiO2NPs were resuspended in 25 μL of water and transferred to a 96-well plate. Then, 200 µL of working reagent (50:1, reagent A/B) was added. Finally, the plate was incubated at 37 °C for 30 min and quantification was performed using the

• absorbance value at 562 nm, using the Thermo microplate reader (Multiskan GO model). For quantification, it was necessary to prepare an analytical curve with diluted BSA standards already included in the kit provided by the manufacturer. Analyses were performed in quintuplicate. To identify the main proteins

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• further investigation. Quantification of Gd uptake in the tumor tissue at 30 min p.i. revealed 4.1% ID/g for targeted usNPs against 0.11% ID/g for the non-targeted particles. The rapid tumor uptake of the targeted usNPs, combined with their efficient renal clearance, resulted in an enhanced MRI signal-to

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• correction was applied. Instead, the EDX spectra were taken at different acceleration voltages to obtain independent data sets (see Supporting Information File 1 for an overview of all quantification results). The observed trend in composition was from a carbon-rich deposit in the central region to a

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• diagnostics. Researchers have successfully utilized alginate nanoparticles for the detection and quantification of various analytes, such as proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, and pathogens. For example, alginate nanoparticles have been used for the detection of cancer biomarkers in body fluids, allowing for

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• may not be good enough, as the drug needs to reach its intracellular target (often in the cytosol) to be active. Thus, quantification of NPs in the tumor area is important to understand what happens with the NPs following i.v. injection; however, far from being sufficient to evaluate the therapeutic

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• biosensors, with a low limit of quantification and detection. A real-time simulation of a highly sensitive specific antigen biosensor was also performed by Gao et al. [87] using silicon NW FET-based CMOS technology. In this work, both P- and N-type NW arrays were designed and incorporated into one chip using

• study of the biosensor device simplifies the biosensor architecture for accurate femtomolar detection and quantification of various biomolecule species. 2.2.9 Vertical-strained impact-ionization MOSFET-based biosensors. Saad et al. [107] reported an equivalent electrical circuit model dedicated to

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• –2.70 nA. In addition, a longer deposition experiment was performed for better EDX quantification at 0.54 nA (1a). Additional experiments include a Pt-only deposit for reference (1f) and a sample prepared for TEM analysis (1g). Except for 1f, all deposits were obtained at a deposition pressure of (4.6

• reactants. Comparison of point EDX composition (atom %) of the patterned area for deposits 1b–1f and C/Pt atom % ratio. The full spectra are presented in Supporting Information File 1, pp S18–S28. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 1 contains the following sections: EDX quantification of

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• lead to an increase of Ip. However, a high Ustep might also trigger the oxidation of other substances with similar oxidation potential, which greatly affects the simultaneous quantification of substances with stripping peaks close to each other. Therefore, a Ustep value of 0.008 V was chosen for

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• cantilever (a). In b) the AFM-IR spectra collected in surface-sensitive mode with a drive frequency of 764 kHz, a detection frequency of 195 kHz, and a laser pulse frequency of 566 kHz are shown. Quantification of the surface composition of the silicon oxide films on the polypropylene foil. Funding This

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• group. a) Toxicity of different concentrations of NFs to Huh-7 cells after heating for 15/20 min. b) Toxicity of different treatments (the concentration was 50 µg/mL for all samples) to Huh-7 cells after heating for 20 min (*p < 0.05, ****p < 0.0001, ns as not significant). c) Quantification of live

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S7) and more short projections emanating from the soma on the flat substrate (white arrowheads). Quantification of neurite length (Figure 2D) confirms increased neurite length per cell on the nanopillar and nanohole substrates, with means at least 1.2× higher

• neurites preferentially in the direction of the microgrooves (Figure 4A–C and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S14). Quantification of neurite extension shows that only the pillar-groove substrate yielded a statistically different distribution of neurite length per cell compared with the microgroove

• micrographs of cells stained with RP, AF488-anti-β3 tubulin, and DAPI. Quantification of neurite parameters were performed using a semi-automatic method described in our previous study [16]. SEM was also performed to observe the neurite morphology. Further details on the characterization procedures and

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• untreated cells (control) using the MTT assay. Results are expressed as mean values (n = 3) ± SEM. **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.001. Flow cytometric analysis showing cellular uptake of HSA-MPs and CUR-HSA-MPs at a concentration of 25 µg/mL. (A) Flow cytometry graphs; (B) quantification of the mean fluorescence

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• In this work, a silicon photodiode integrated with a piezoelectric membrane is studied by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) under modulated illumination. Time-dependent KPFM enables simultaneous quantification of the surface photovoltage generated by the photodiode as well as the resulting

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• direct quantification of transverse elastic modulus (ET) of both fiber types, which showed more consistent ET measurements in Technora® than in Kevlar® K29. Nanoscale ET measurements in Technora® also matched exceptionally well with previously reported macroscopic measurements, which would be expected

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• et al. for the detection and quantification of the cardiac disease-associated biomarker troponin I through photothermal and nanozymatic principles [79]. Fe3O4@Au core–shell nanostructures exhibit excellent photothermal conversion and magnetic properties, which have been studied regarding in vivo

Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons

• Janina Kopyra and
• Hassan Abdoul-Carime

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81

• these two species, the interaction of slow electrons with the metal chelates also produces a rich variety of fragment anions, which are reported and discussed in the present report. A comprehensive picture of the fragmentation pattern of each ML2 precursor, including the quantification of dissociation

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• combination of CoAl-LDH and α-CoII LH reference spectra. Figure 2B depicts the result of the fits, where excellent agreement is achieved using 57% of LDH and 43% of α-CoII LH. This analysis is an excellent example to show that XANES is a useful technique for LH structure quantification. A detailed description

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• ]. The covalent binding of amine groups of antibodies with carboxyl groups on the NP surfaces through carbodiimide conjugation is commonly accepted because it does not require a modification of the antibodies. After the conjugation of specific antibodies, the quantification of NP–antibody binding

• efficacy is an important factor to improve therapeutic efficacy. Researchers are actively working on quantification methods that are specific, rapid, sensitive, simple, and easy to use. The Lowry assay, UV spectroscopy, Bradford assay, and bicinchoninic acid assay are widely used and accepted methods to

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• -functionalized nickel/silver/graphene quantum dot/graphene hybrid for the colorimetric detection of malathion [28]. This paper describes the development of an electrochemical sensor based on a graphene quantum dot-modified glassy carbon electrode (GQDs/GCE) for the determination and quantification of the

• on a SP Biologic 150 electrochemical workstation at room temperature. A solution of 0.1 M KCl containing 0.05 M K3[Fe(CN)6] was used as an electrolyte to analyze the oxidation–reduction behavior of the working electrode through cyclic voltammetry. For detection and quantification of pesticides