Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• ). Besides this, significant antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus epidermidis have been found [99]. Coating materials containing chitosan, bioactive glass, and AgNPs were developed by using the electrophoretic deposition method. The produced material was coated on stainless steel 316 substrates

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• studies This study was conducted in a manner analogous to the procedure in [25]. Briefly, CIP_MN1 were inserted into the full-thickness human skin using finger press applied to the microneedle baseplate for 30 s. As shown in Figure 2, a cylindrical 10 g stainless steel weight was placed on top of the

• amount of ciprofloxacin was placed on top of the skin, followed by the stainless steel weight for consistency. Antimicrobial activity: in vitro infection study S. aureus (ATCC-29213) inoculum equivalent to 0.5 MacFarland (ca. 1 × 108 CFU/mL) turbidity was prepared from an overnight culture. A sterile

• -thickness human skin was excised and treated. CIP_MN1 was then inserted into the skin using finger pressure applied to the microneedle baseplate for 30 s. A cylindrical 10 g stainless steel weight was placed on top of CIP_MN1 array to prevent expulsion of the microneedles, and the tissue paper was

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• , including the MNs without PRP extract and the stainless-steel MNs (standard) used to obtain the mold. Previous studies have shown that MNs composed of Gantrez S-97 and PEG 10,000 had differences when inserted into porcine skin and layered Parafilm M [43]. For all analyses, as the amount of extract in the

• could penetrate the stratum corneum [4]. Thus, the force values displayed for the selected formulations also indicate the ability to penetrate porcine skin. All selected MN formulations were statistically compared with MNs without PRP extract and stainless-steel MNs (standard) using Students’ t-test

• determinations were performed for each assay [36][46][47][48]. Preparation of silicone molds The master structure utilized to fabricate the molds was a stainless-steel microneedle system (cartridge) from DermaPen (Belrose, Australia) containing 36 microneedles of 2 mm in length. The molds developed were inverse

Tubular glassy carbon microneedles with fullerene-like tips for biomedical applications

• Sharali Malik and
• George E. Kostakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 455–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.38

• chrome particles released from surgical stainless steel needles during needle wear in human skin. Allergic reactions such as contact dermatitis resulting from the presence of nickel and chromium in acupuncture needles have also been reported [32]. Glassy carbon is biocompatible, electrically and

• thermally conducting, and mechanically strong [1]. Therefore, biomedical applications for glassy carbon microneedles include the use as alternatives to stainless steel surgical needles in acupuncture and as microelectrodes in neural prosthetics [9][14]. Experimental Sample preparation The samples were

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• outer layer after polarization [21], they did not show a clear distinction of the top of the outer layer after immersion. Maurice et al. [32] found that the thickness of the outer layers on stainless steel surfaces is similar during immersion and after polarization (0.5–0.7 nm) using XPS analysis

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• fulfill the specifications of implantation technologies better than other metallic materials, such as stainless steel, CrCo alloys, and tantalum [10]. The growth and the volume of the bone surrounding the implant material are the major factors for successful implant treatment, minimizing infection or

• % concentration), referred to as SS 5% TiO2 micropatterned and SS 10% TiO2 micropatterned, respectively, on surgical grade stainless steel plates (SS316L). These samples were checked for the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and the results demonstrate a reduction of adhesion of S. mutans by 96% in the presence of

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• sputter deposition processes [44]. In Thornton’s report, the probe used for the heat flux measurement, whose temperature increases when submitted to the sputtering plasma, was a stainless-steel body weighing 200 mg. Ultimately, in the case of a solid substrate, the heat transfer and resulting increase of

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• polarization curve of an ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte system is shown in Figure 11. According to this method, the optimized film of a polymer gel electrolyte is sandwiched in between two symmetrical stainless steel (SS) electrodes and the film is polarized by applying a potential of 1.0 V

• following equation: where l is the thickness of the sample, A is the geometric surface area, and Rb is the bulk electrolyte resistance which is measured by using Nyquist plots. For conductivity measurements, the samples were cut into uniform sizes and sandwiched between two stainless steel electrodes

• voltage of 1.0 V was applied across the polymer gel electrolyte film sandwiched between two stainless steel electrodes. The total ionic transference number was calculated by using the following equation: where, iT is the initial electronic current and ie is the residual electronic current [9]. SEM images

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• and sizes for a wide range of applications. Metals such as titanium [61][62], stainless steel [58][63][64], silicon [65][66][67], ceramics [68][69], biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) [70], PLGA [71], and polyglycolic acid (PGA) [72], and non-degradable polymers such as

• (COP) material using this method [5]. Fabrication and use of metal microneedles In addition to silicon and polymers, microneedles are also fabricated from metals including nickel, titanium, stainless steel, and palladium. Metals provide good mechanical properties and biocompatibility for microneedle

• layer of polymer introduced between the mould and the metal structure to facilitate chemical lift-off separation of the final array. For hollow metal microneedles, a plasma etching step was performed prior to metal deposition [106]. Unlike the ubiquitous stainless steel hypodermic needle, safety

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• of the ink was transferred dropwise on the substrate followed by rolling a stainless steel rod on the PET film for a few minutes. The ink-coated film was then placed in a preheated oven for 3 min for curing. The curing temperature was 130 °C. A higher curing temperature may disrupt the PET film

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• interesting perspectives for the study of more complex structures of polyoxometalate compounds with multiple stable redox states. Experimental UHV scanning tunneling microscope All experiments were performed in an UHV chamber working at a base pressure of 1 × 10−10 mbar. Its stainless-steel vessel is equipped

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• (Dunaliella and Navicula) were used as typical indicators to simulate the ecological environment of the marine fouling organisms. Two stainless steel pieces were connected to the anode and to the cathode with a rectifier, and another piece of stainless steel was directly immersed into the algae medium as the

• blank sample. After introducing the TENG-powered antifouling system, the stainless steel pieces on both the anode and cathode showed good antifouling properties, as indicated by algae density. An electrochemical reaction is an electron-transferring or flowing process between an electrode and a substance

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• teflon-coated rotating needle with a stainless steel core at the bottom of the coagulation bath. The needle was placed perpendicular to the direction of the feedstock solution flow to facilitate subsequent fiber winding. For this purpose, a rotational movement of the needle was combined with a

• rotating needle with a stainless steel core, which simultaneously performed a translational movement to achieve a helical fiber shape. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 31: Additional experimental data. Supporting Information File 32: Video showing the magnetic manipulation of a helical

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• methanol followed by equilibration with 2 mL of deionized water with the same flow rate. The amount of adsorbed chloroanilic acid (analyte) was determined from the collected solution of the loading step by UV–vis spectroscopy at a wavelength of 331 nm [73]. The membranes were placed in a stainless-steel

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• glycerol (8 mL) under slow stirring. Secondly, 0.1098 g Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O and 0.4042 g Fe(NO3)3·9H2O were dissolved in the obtained homogeneous solution under magnetic stirring for 1 h. Subsequently, the mixed solutions were transferred into a Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave (50 mL), and then

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• solution A is mixed with solution B and stirred for 30 min. Subsequently, the mixture was transferred to a 50 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and retained at 200 °C for 24 h. After cooling naturally, the product was washed with deionized water and absolute ethanol for several times and dried at

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• nitrate hexahydrate and 40 mmol·L−1 2MI were first dissolved in absolute methanol, and then mixed to make a total volume of 60 mL solution. After stirring at 400 rpm for 10 to 15 min, the well-mixed solution was transferred into a 120 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave reactor. The reaction was

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• %, Aladdin) was put in a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave. Then, 5 mL of deionized water and 5 mL of a HF acid solution (hydrofluoric acid, 40%, Aladdin) were added sequentially. The autoclave was maintained at 180 °C for 8 h and then cooled naturally to room temperature. The obtained precipitate was

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• stainless steel autoclave. The design of the autoclave is similar to a standard acid digestion vessel. The autoclave was then closed with a stainless steel screw-tightened cap. Both autoclaves were placed simultaneously into

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• and RA content was analyzed after filtration by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Knauer Eurospher II RP C18 column (Knauer, Germany) (15 × 0.4 cm) stainless steel packed with 5 µm particles, eluted at room temperature with different mobile phases. Samples of 50 µL were injected

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• microwave decomposition (60 min, 50 W, 230 °C) to gain 0.5 wt % nanoparticles in ionic liquid. Catalytic hydrogenation of alkynes A Büchi stainless steel autoclave with a glass inlet was charged with 0.1 g of freshly synthesized NiGa@[BMIm][NTf2] dispersion (1 wt % in total metal, 8 µmol NiGa). 2 g of

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• temperature until the polymer was completely dissolved. The solution was transferred to 5 mL plastic syringes and connected through a PTFE tube to a 20-gauge blunt (0.9 mm diameter) stainless steel needle charged by a high voltage power supply in the range of 0–20 kV. The parameters were previously optimized

Growth of lithium hydride thin films from solutions: Towards solution atomic layer deposition of lithiated films

• Ivan Kundrata,
• Karol Fröhlich,
• Lubomír Vančo,
• Matej Mičušík and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1443–1451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.142

• shown schematically in Figure 1, was loaded with sample substrates. To close the chamber, a glass slide (see below in Figure 2) was sealed to the chamber with PTFE grease. The solutions were introduced into the chamber with stainless steel threaded pipes, which were connected to threads in the PTFE body

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• solution was poured into an 80 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and maintained at 200 °C inside an oven. The bluish precipitate was obtained through washing, centrifugation and drying at 80 °C. Finally, after annealing at 500 °C in air for 2 h, the as-prepared blue precursor was converted to faint

Kelvin probe force microscopy of the nanoscale electrical surface potential barrier of metal/semiconductor interfaces in ambient atmosphere

• Petr Knotek,
• Tomáš Plecháček,
• Jan Smolík,
• Petr Kutálek,
• Filip Dvořák,
• Milan Vlček,
• Jiří Navrátil and
• Čestmír Drašar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1401–1411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.138

• Coating System (Bio-Rad) in Ar atmosphere (p ≈ 20 Pa, I = 18 mA, U = 1.4 kV) from pure metal sheets (Mo 4N, Au 4N). For preparing separated Au nanoparticles under the same sputtering conditions, however, a stainless steel mask (system of 100 × 500 μm2 holes, 200 holes/cm2) between the substrate and target