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Search for "surface tension" in Full Text gives 117 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19
- critical component of the bacterial cell walls [9]. 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) was used as solvent in the study. It is preferred due to its sufficiently low surface tension, sufficiently high dielectric constant, and volatility [10]. The aim of this study was to produce and characterize
A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10
- through this high voltage. Hence, a potential gradient is built up between the polymer droplet at the tip of the spinneret and the ground collector. When the voltage is gradually increased, the hemispherical droplet will transform into a cone, the so-called “Taylor cone”, in which surface tension is
- dominant. When the voltage is high enough for the electrostatic forces of the Taylor cone to overcome the surface tension and viscous force, jet initiation happens, and a polymer jet will reach the ground collector completing the circuit. Polymers with high molecular weight will form ultrafine fibers due
- results are obtained after changes of parameters. 3.1 Process parameters 3.1.1 Applied voltage. The applied voltage is one of the most critical parameters that affect fiber morphology. The applied voltage aids the polymer to overcome its surface tension and form the polymer jet. After forming the Taylor
Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7
- SnO2, TiO2, and CuInS2 using an automated spray pyrolysis method, which is particularly beneficial for air cleaning applications. This work showed that the surface tension of the material surface directly impacts the photocatalytic activity under humid conditions. Furthermore, introducing CuInS2
Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2
- reported data; we will address the influence of the sputtering parameters (sputter power, current, voltage, sputter time, working gas pressure, and the type of sputtering plasma) and host liquid properties (composition, temperature, viscosity, and surface tension) on the NP formation as well as a detailed
Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88
- starts drying, evaporation of the solvent causes voids and helps in generating clusters of the solute on the substrate. For smaller pockets of the fluid, which can be regarded as droplets, variation in surface tension or temperature at different interfaces predominantly causes either a surface tension
- , respectively, termed as Gibbs–Marangoni concerning surface tension gradients and Bénard–Marangoni concerning thermal gradients [58][59][60][61][62]. The pattern and shape of the fractals depend on flux, thermal energy, surface energy, and diffusion coefficient of the clusters. The schematic shown in Figure 4
An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77
- parameters determining flow in a microchannel include blood viscosity, contact angle, hydrodynamic diameter, and driving forces such as surface tension. In addition, due to the elastic nature of the skin and its irregular surface, varying from person to person, and with age and position on the body, the
The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69
- oxide nanoparticles [28]. Numerous indispensable parameters including surface tension, polarity, viscosity, and hydrogen bonding have an important influence on the reactivity of species. Also, the formation of nanostructures is governed by the mass transport properties of the DES components. It is also
- ]. The difference between the electrochemical double layers and a differential activity of chloride ions (i.e., preferential facet binding during crystal growth restricting the lattice growth in a particular direction) were responsible for the observed morphological difference. The lower surface tension
Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64
High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51
- alignment and density of AgNWs can be easily adjusted by increasing the number of times of water washing. Water, with a very high surface tension of 72.75 × 10−3 N·m−1 at 20 °C, tends to bundle the hydrophilic AgNWs together [55]. The literature has shown the fabrication of conducting PET films using
Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8
- between the capacitor plates using a syringe. For an incubation time of 5 min, a voltage of 5 V was applied, and then the drop was removed. Since the substrate was not completely dry after removal of the solvent, it was found that the surface tension pulls the deposited patches apart forming quasi
Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1
- sample is subject to surface tension, which can lead to damage of the specimen during imaging. To overcome this issue, researchers typically focus on removing any liquid water from a sample whilst, at the same time, maintaining the cellular integrity. This is usually achieved by chemical fixation
- gaseous state. Through this process the sample is dried without ever crossing the liquid–gaseous boundary and, thus, avoiding surface tension, which is so damaging to the sample. The operating procedures for CPD vary depending on the sample or instrument, with some being automated and others manually
- have applied HMDS treatment for HIM [17][60][64][66]. (IV) Air drying: During air drying, the liquid–gaseous boundary is crossed, leading to strong surface tension, which acts on the sample and causes damage to the structure, leading to agglomeration and collapse. Consequently, air drying should only
Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128
- bundle is larger than the elastic force [26]. This bundling effect is the main limiting factor of this integration scheme. To overcome this issue, one can use liquids with low surface tension or supercritical CO2 [27]. However, this would increase complexity and cost of the process significantly
Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1264–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.110
- decayed somewhat, but not to zero. In order to qualify the behavior of the additional current, we slightly adjusted our STM setup. Conventionally, we added with a syringe a small droplet (5–10 µL) of solution to a sample of HOPG, which was contained around the tip and at the surface because of the surface
- tension of the droplet. In our modified setup, we used a liquid cell to contain a larger and well-defined volume of solution at the sample surface, ensuring that the concentration of the solutes remains stable during the sometimes prolonged measurements. During the experiments the voltage difference
Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40
- type of dewetting [19][20][21]. If dewetting is of the spinodal type, then the above parameters are related in the following way: where f(θ) is a geometric factor based on the particle contact angle θ, γ is the surface tension of the metal and A is the Hamaker constant. This is valid for the
Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10
- lipids in the outer leaflet in the membrane and the cationic groups of the CPP. This causes a lateral rearrangement of the negative charges and a thinning of the membrane. The aggregation of the CPPs at the membrane surface provokes a reduction of the local surface tension and allows for intercalation of
Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240
- formed (Figure 2a). The simulated system seeks to minimise the surface free energy. Therefore, because the surface tension of copper is greater than that of silicon, the silicon atoms are segregated to the surface of the cluster, and copper atoms are segregated to the cluster core. The nucleus formed
Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220
- and thus a prolonged mixing time. Also, the small particle size at low concentrations of Pluronic F68 might be due to the dominating effect of the surface tension over the change in viscosity [49]. The viscosity of low concentrated Pluronic F68 solutions might not be strong enough to play a crucial
Four self-made free surface electrospinning devices for high-throughput preparation of high-quality nanofibers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2261–2274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.218
- of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) could significantly reduce the surface tension of the spinning solution facilitating the spinning process [24]. The mass production of silk fibroin nanofibers was successfully accomplished by this method [23]. A schematic of the MBE device is illustrated in
- its surface tension. The effects of the MBE, MFSE, OSFSE and SSFSE device design on the morphology and the yield of the produced nanofibers were experimentally investigated. The differences between them were explained based on simulations of the electric field distribution using the Maxwell 3D
- . Figure 4 and Figure 5 illustrate the working principle of the free surface electrospinning method: the surface tension of the spinning solution is overcome by the applied electric field to form jets at the solution surface that finally touch the collector being stretched into nanofibers. Figure 6 shows
Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205
- )piperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Lyon, France). A HEPES buffer solution (20 mmol L−1) in a 150 mmol L−1 NaCl solution was prepared, and its pH was adjusted to 7.4 with 1 N NaOH. Water was purified using a Millipore system (surface tension 71.4 mN m−1 at 20 °C
The importance of design in nanoarchitectonics: multifractality in MACE silicon nanowires
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2094–2102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.204
- , while other metals are partly dissolved in many instances. Because the fabrication step occurs in liquid ambient a final drying step is inherently involved. Under certain conditions of 1) high NW density and 2) high aspect-ratio of NWs, the surface tension between the residual fluid film and the NWs
- surface tension of the fluid. Elastocapillary self-assembly of NWs is an extensively investigated versatile and scalable method to design complex and robust surface nanoarchitectures [18]. For tuning and selectivity of the design of NW assemblies other approaches should be considered [19]. In hierarchical
- force FC between two cylindrical pillars when partially immersed in a liquid is [29] where γliq is the liquid surface tension, θ is the contact angle between the liquid and the surface of the pillar, r is the radius of the pillar and 2x is the interdistance between the axes of the two pillars (see
Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196
- diiodomethane as a nonpolar organic liquid, which exhibits a relatively high surface tension, and water as a polar liquid (see Figure 1). CA measurements on M-CAT-1 pellets reveal shallow angles of about 12° for diiodomethane and WCA values of about 46°. This illustrates that in air the M-CAT-1 materials
- a solid is related to the sum of a polar and dispersive components of the liquid’s surface tension [68]. Utilizing the measured CAs of diiodomethane exhibiting solely a dispersive component and water, having a dispersive and polar components, enabled the calculation of the overall surface energy for
Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167
- nanostructures, such as fibers and spherical particles, through the application of a high voltage that breaks the surface tension of the droplet of a polymeric solution located at the tip of a needle [16][17]. The morphology of the resulting nanostructures is influenced by the properties of the polymeric
Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153
Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO2(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103
- adsorption efficiency and stronger aggregating ability. The obtained results are in good agreement with literature data [32][33]. Based on the surface tension measurements, the surfactant concentrations reflecting different aggregation states (monomers and micelles) were chosen. Characterization of TNWs The
- critical micelle concentration (micelles) were selected based on surface tension measurements (Figure S1, Table S1, Supporting Information File 1). It should be noted that in micellar surfactant solutions, monomers and micelles coexist in dynamic equilibrium [26]. In Table 3 the compositions of TNW
- surface tension (σ) measurements using the Du Noüy ring method (Interfacial Tensiometer K100, Krüss, Germany). The details can be found in Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1. Characterization of TNWs Powder diffraction data were collected by the PANalytical X’Pert XCharge diffractometer in the Bragg
Capillary force-induced superlattice variation atop a nanometer-wide graphene flake and its moiré origin studied by STM
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 804–810, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.80
- scanning of STM tip. The capillary force between two objects of spherical and planar geometry can be approximated as F = 4πγR where R is the radius of the sphere (not the meniscus), and γ is the surface tension of the liquid [32][50], which is 39.1 mN/m for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. This is the maximum force
- capillary force is equal to the work done [51] when the surface tension lifts a liquid upward in a tube over a distance h. Here, unlike the rise of liquid in a capillary tube, most of the energy is utilized for rotation of the flake. So, we estimate the force required for the rotation and hence the spread
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