A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• extracellular glutamate concentrations in glioma cell lines in vitro was shown to be up to 500 µM, and glutamate stimulates glioma cell proliferation in vivo. Also, glial tumor cells ex vivo generate neurotoxic quantities of glutamate [3][4][5][6]. Excessive extracellular glutamate concentrations of 100 μM were

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• here at room temperature. Even though a better control of the polydispersity is desirable, other gold nanoparticles of relatively high dispersity have been recently used for drug delivery in three different cell lines [68]. Conclusion In conclusion, we have shown for the first time that a single

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• release at the targeted site. A functionalization that permits only adsorption can lead to premature drug release [33][46][80]. Mojica Pisciotti and co-workers [39] studied the effects of dextran and PEG coatings on two animal kidney cell lines and showed that dextran-coated SPIONs are not cytotoxic even

• worked on three cell types, i.e., heart, kidney, and brain cell lines, with bare SPIONs and SPIONs with negative or positive surface charge. They showed that positively charged nanoparticles are highly toxic and that each cell type responds differently to every type of nanoparticles, genetically

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• amplify phages displaying peptides able to interact with the proteins or cell lines of interest [121]. The results of this technique are entirely dependent on the library of DNA sequences used and attention should be given to select tissue-specific peptides [122]. Among others, two interesting peptides

Examination of the relationship between viscoelastic properties and the invasion of ovarian cancer cells by atomic force microscopy

• Mengdan Chen,
• Jinshu Zeng,
• Weiwei Ruan,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Shusen Xie,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 568–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.45

• SKOV-3. Therefore, the three cell lines OVCAR-3, HO-8910 and HOSEpiC were selected for the present work [34]. The viscoelastic properties of cells include elasticity and viscosity, which are prominent biomechanical properties of cells. This study, the cell viscoelasticity was derived from the force

• indentation curves obtained with AFM on three different ovarian cell lines shown in Figure 1. The results of cell elasticity showed a concentrated and narrow distribution in OVCAR-3 and HO-8910 cells (Figure 1a-ii,iii) and a dispersive and broad distribution in HOSEpiC cells (Figure 1a-i). The average values

• , migration and invasion [61]. Lian et al. have shown that a drug can inhibit cellular invasion through affecting biomechanical properties of cancer cells [62]. Ech affected the invasion activity of the cell lines in this report, and could present a new treatment regimen for malignant tumors [63]. For

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• platelets [16]. Additionally, SNPs were found to induce pre-thrombotic states through surface-driven activation of the coagulation factor XII [17][18]. Finally, SNPs are known to induce oxidative stress in several cell lines including endothelial cells [19] and leucocytes [20][21], a process that in vivo

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• been previously summarized in several reports [54][78][79][80][81][82]. This review discusses an overview of the application of gold NCs in biosensing and bioimaging. Importantly, the sensing of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, in vitro imaging of cell lines and in vivo bioimaging using animal models

• rapid detection and the development of new immunoassays. Imaging and labeling mammalian cell lines Beyond their antibacterial effect and pathogen sensing, the surface functionalities of NCs allow for selective labeling for the detection of biomolecules, intracellular metal ion sensing, live-cell imaging

• ). The Au-MUDA-NLS NCs were easily internalized and distributed in the nucleus when studied using HeLa cell lines (Figure 4A). The intracellular and nuclear distribution was studied using a membrane dye WGA-Alexa 594 and a nuclear dye, SYTO59. This suggested that Au-MUDA-NLS NCs were well distributed in

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes

• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Pierrick G. J. Fournier,
• Danna L. Arellano,
• Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez,
• Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28

• capsids from the cell surface [31], and thus only internalized capsids are detected. The results showed a slightly higher efficiency of internalization, but no significant difference, for BMV into the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast tumor cell lines (Figure 1C). Furthermore, to avoid erroneous results due to

• . These results differ from those reported for cell internalization of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) in the same cell lines, which do not show high levels of vimentin on the cell surface [20][34]. Vimentin is a receptor that facilitates caveolar endocytosis [35][36], and it has been reported to promote the

• calculated by measuring the UV absorbance using a Nanodrop 2000c spectrophotometer (ThermoFisher Scientific). All the procedures were performed at 4 °C. Finally, the purified viruses were stored at −80 °C in 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes. Cell cultures The breast tumor cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 were

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• different cell lines 48 h after treatment [4]. RNA was isolated using Trizol (Invitrogen, USA) and quantified using Nanodrop (Thermo Instruments, USA). The quantified RNA was then converted to cDNA using iScript cDNA synthesis kit (BioRad, USA). The cDNA was amplified using VEGF-specific primers and

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• include some biological fluid to allow corona formation, but also to define the appropriate conditions for each application [18][62][63][64][65][68][69]. For instance, there are many in vitro studies in which nanoparticles are tested on human cell lines using culture media containing a low percentage of

• nanoparticles by caveolae-mediated endocytosis [200]. Similarly, many in vitro studies use immortalized or cancer cell lines, such as HEK293 or HeLa cells, which are easy to transfect and culture. However, these cells can behave quite differently in comparison to primary cells or cells isolated directly from

• or simply confluent [22][159]. Apart from simpler cell cultures and cell barriers, many advances have been made in the development of cellular models that can better reflect the more complex organization of cells in vivo. Models such as organoids or spheroids, which use one or multiple cell lines

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• reported the detection of mutations in exon 19 and exon 21 of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) isolated from both the lung cancer cell lines and the cancer tissues of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer [66]. The citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles underwent selective aggregation upon the

Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications

• Eike Folker Busmann,
• Dailén García Martínez,
• Henrike Lucas and
• Karsten Mäder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 213–224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.16

• the aqueous Kolliphor HS 15 solution to normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (3T3) was investigated. The impact of the nanoemulsions and the surfactant solution on the cell viability of the two cell lines after 4 and 24 h is illustrated in Figure 7. The viability of

• certain concentration cKol. The 3T3 cells responded more sensitively to the nanoemulsions and the pure surfactant solution. Furthermore, the long incubation time of 24 h led to cell toxicity at slightly lower concentrations for both cell lines. For comparison, for the current nanoemulsions, the cell

• Supporting Information File 1. The IC50 values of Kolliphor HS 15 in the different nanoemulsions and the pure surfactant solution were similar for the different cell lines and incubation times employed. Thus, mainly the surfactant Kolliphor HS 15 inhibited cell viability at high concentration, since all

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• pheophorbide a when incorporated in micellar, vesicular or worm-like PEO-PCL vectors in two cell lines (FaDu or HCT 116) [66][67]. No strong improvement was observed for elongated systems working on 3D spheroids and, interestingly, a micelle/vesicle mixture led to synergistic effects on HCT 116 cells but

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

• -siRNA/miRNA delivery [17]. It has been reported that CPP-siRNA conjugates have reduced transient and stable expression of reporter transgenes in a number of mammalian cell lines [18]. In this case, thiol-containing siRNAs were synthesized and conjugated to penetratin or transportan by a reducible

• complexes with cargo molecules through electrostatic interaction. Pep-1 has successfully been used to deliver small peptides and proteins into cells, while MPG has shown to efficiently deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) into cultured cell lines [3][10]. The interplay between hydrophilic and hydrophobic

• in a broad spectrum of cell lines. It has a length of 21 amino acids and consists of three domains, each conferring a specific function: (i) a hydrophobic, tryptophan-rich sequence required for the interaction with macromolecules and cell-membrane targeting, (ii) a hydrophilic sequence, rich in

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• images were analysed using ImageJ software (v1.49p, http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij). Cell studies HCT-116 and RAW 264.7 cell lines were cultured in complete media (McCoy’s 5A or high glucose DMEM, respectively) under standard conditions for cell culture (5% v/v CO2 in air, 37 °C). Further details of the

• -based cationic nanocarriers [40][41]. Next, we analysed the nanoparticle uptake in the two cell lines for up to 24 h; we tracked the fluorescence associated to nanoparticles in cell lysates, which accounts for both membrane-bound and internalized materials [10]. We used fluorescently labelled chitosan

• apparent (Figure 5B) that the uptake kinetics was not influenced by the preparative method. With both cell lines and both chitosan MW, the particle uptake kinetics showed evidence of saturation and was not affected by the preparative method. We have previously reported that RAW 264.7 macrophages take up

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• with an unidentified endogenous ligand. The expression of bombesin-related peptides and the BB receptors by SCLC cell lines and primary tumours have been widely studied for the past three decades [3][4][5][6]. GRP and NMB secretion by SCLC is known to cause an autocrine growth loop that drives tumour

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• contrast to acidic pH conditions where the fluorescent intensity is absent or low. No increase in the absorption was observed when the suspension pH was increased from 7 to 10. The functionalized BNNTs are easily taken up by human normal prostate epithelium (PNT1A) and human prostate cancer cell lines

• obtained with a Carl Zeiss Evo-40 instrument under high vacuum and accelerating voltage of 10 kV. Cell culture experiments Normal prostate epithelium (PNT1A) and human prostate cancer (DU145) cell lines were grown in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1

• uptake of P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs into human normal prostate epithelium (PNT1A) and human prostate cancer (DU145) cell lines, we used fluorescence microscopy with excitation at 490 nm and emission at 520 nm (Figure 9). The autofluorescence of healthy cells and cancer cells was strictly avoided

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• cells (FaDu and Cal27) and normal oral immortalized keratinocytes (FNB6). The three cell lines were exposed to a wide range of drug concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 120 and 240 µM) for 24 h. Moreover, another range of drug concentrations (2000, 1500, 1000, 500, 300, 100, 20, 10 µM) was

• in tumor and healthy cell lines. The formulations prepared from solid dispersions stored at 25 °C containing P407, C974P and CUR displayed viscoelastic properties, plastic behavior with rheopexy at body temperature (which provides better retention), and increased mucoadhesive force due to the

• presence of CUR. CUR tends to be located in the core of the micelles; consequently, the drug displayed slow and complete release after 8 h but did not permeate the porcine oral mucosa. The cytotoxicity studies revealed the increase in the cytotoxic effects for some tumor cell lines (Cal 27) when

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• anti-PSA antibodies were obtained from Abcam, Cambridge, UK. Graphite-based ink was obtained from Henkel Electrodag, USA (reference code 423SS), silver chloride ink was purchased from Gwent electronic materials Ltd., UK (Product code C2130905D3), the cell lines PNT-2 and LNCap were acquired from the

• cells (lineage of LNCap and PNT-2 cells, respectively). The cell lines PNT-2 and LNCap were acquired from the Banco de Células do Rio de Janeiro (BCRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). The samples were diluted to a 1:30000 ratio. The resulting conjugate, Ab2-MNP-HRP-protein, was magnetically separated and

Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

• Sebastian Pieper,
• Hannah Onafuye,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Martin Michaelis and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

• solvent displacement and emulsion diffusion approaches and assessed their anticancer efficiency in neuroblastoma cells, including ABCB1-expressing cell lines, in comparison to doxorubicin solution. Results: The resulting nanoparticles covered a size range between 73 and 246 nm. PLGA-PEG nanoparticle

• preparations were tested for anticancer efficacy in cancer cell lines, including cell lines that express ABCB1. Results and Discussion Influence of the preparation technique on particle diameter and polydispersity index Nanoparticles based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), a copolymer composed of

• emulsion diffusion and solvent displacement were tested for their effects on the viability of the neuroblastoma cell line UKF-NB-3, its doxorubicin-adapted sub-line UKF-NB-3rDOX20, and its vincristine-resistant sub-line UKF-NB-3rVCR1. In all three cell lines, PLA nanoparticles, PLGA nanoparticles prepared

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• −53.8 ± 2.4 mV upon antibody coating of the particles. The zeta potential value of VCAM1-PEG5000Au-CPMV becomes more negative [38], which is consistent with the literature [42]. In vitro fluorescent cell imaging Confocal fluorescence microscopy was performed on the cell lines to demonstrate the

Synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of a novel diosgenin derivative and its phytosomes against lung cancer cells

• Liang Xu,
• Dekang Xu,
• Ziying Li,
• Yu Gao and
• Haijun Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1933–1942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.189

• of that of Di [12]. Diosgenin–imidazolium salt derivatives were also synthesized and displayed significant cytotoxic activities against several human cancer cell lines [13]. One of novel 22-oxo-26-selenocyanocholestanic steroids based on Di synthesized by Fernández-Herrera et al. exhibited remarkable

• steroid structure of Di, there are abundant electrons at double-bond sites for electrophilic addition. Based on this feature, we designed and synthesized a series of Di derivatives. We investigated the cytotoxicity of these Di derivatives in different cancer cell lines and their IC50 values were

• -ray crystallographic analysis. CCDC1844665 contains the crystallographic data of P2. The data can be obtained free of charge from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center. Antiproliferative activity of P2 The anticancer activity of Di and its analogue P2 was tested in human lung cancer cell lines

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• continuous cell lines that can be properly maintained for a long time without being transformed. Daphnia magna was used as the representative aquatic organism model to evaluate ecotoxicity. The comparison of the observed results with data published on other AgNP and AuNP types, as well as the results