Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• current and duration of the experiments were adjusted (within a range of 1 to 10 nA for the ion current, and 10 s to 10 min the irradiation) in order to achieve the optimal ion fluence necessary for the decomposition of the entire precursor layer. Time-dependent changes in the morphology of the irradiated

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• current occurs when eV > Δ. In the case when T ≠ 0 the I–V curve will be smeared [22]. The current–voltage characteristic of a tunnel NIS junction is determined by the following formula [23]: where Rn is the asymptotic resistance of the tunnel junction, NS(E) is the density of states in the superconductor

• , nS is the distribution function in the superconductor, and nN is the distribution function in the normal metal. At temperatures T ≪ Tc (Tc is the critical temperature of the superconductor), the relationship between the tunnel current and voltage can be written using a simplified formula: where Δ is

• the energy gap of the superconductor and kB is the Boltzmann constant. The differential resistance is expressed by the following formula: It should also be noted that, in addition to the tunnel current in NIS structures, the presence of a subgap (Andreev) current caused by the Andreev reflection

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• , high-speed, and scalable computing. In these systems, the propagation of information is associated with the movement of a current wave/topological soliton, which is clearly visible in the model by a 2π jump of the so-called Josephson phase, φ. In contrast to conventional rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ

• ) logic, the phase drop for the considered single kinetic soliton (SKS) occurs not on the relatively large connecting geometric inductors, but on the Josephson junctions. SKS is a propagating wave of phase change with kinetic energy limited from below; the corresponding current pulse “dissipates” if its

• ) [27][28][29][30], an active area of current research. Another important application of this idea lies in the promising neuromorphic direction [31][32][33]. Earlier in [34], we have already proposed using kinetic inductances to control neuron dynamics in networks based on radial basis functions (RBF

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• sensitivity down to a temperature of 0.43 K. This is a significant improvement over piezoelectric transduction methods with much lower frequency commonly used for low-temperature AFM, which can work at the thermal limit down to some 10 K. We estimate that, with reasonable improvements on the current KIMEC

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• sustainable strategies to deal with this matter. Many studies have shown that adsorbent nanomaterials have potential for the removal of MPs from water. This review evaluates the current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials in removing MPs from water supply systems. It discusses the occurrences and removal

• [25][26]. To deal with current gaps, this review aims to provide aspects relating to (i) the occurrences of MPs in water supply systems and the effectiveness of MP removal throughout the treatment processes; (ii) the potential of adsorbent nanomaterials for MP removal, focusing on adsorption

• evaluate the current status of adsorbent nanomaterials’ applicability and risks for removing MPs from water supply systems, this review differs from others. Addressing these gaps is essential for developing sustainable solutions that can effectively mitigate MP pollution in water supply systems while

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• . Current therapies are limited due to severe adverse reactions to currently available drugs, high cost, low patient adherence, and even the emergence of resistant strains. Examining safer and more effective alternatives, natural compounds such as phytol – a diterpene derived from chlorophyll – have

• the cutaneous to the mucocutaneous form [6], particularly involving the nasal septum and ears) resulting in scarring, anatomical disfigurement, and consequent social stigmatization [7][8][9]. Current therapeutic strategies for leishmaniasis rely on pentavalent antimonial compounds (first-line therapy

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• thermodynamic parameters as well as the responses of the system when measured isolated (or in very small bundles) and when measured in bundles. In addition, the current work extends the study to even lower temperatures (i.e., 13 K) when compared with previous data, whose minimum temperature stood around 70 K

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• . The aim of our work was to systematize the scattered current research on the piezoelectric properties of LDHs, for the first time providing an overall picture for current and future researchers in this and in related fields. Articles were searched using keywords that included variations of terms of

• that LDHs, as anionic clays, play a crucial role in enabling direct current output from piezoelectric nanogenerators [8]. In particular, the abundant anions (NO3−) incorporated within the Zn/Al-LDH layer of the two-dimensional ZnO nanostructure are key contributors to achieving piezoelectric direct

• current output. The piezoelectric potential generated in the ZnO nanosheets functions as an applied voltage, facilitating charge storage within the LDH layers, which act as capacitors. This mechanism leads to enhanced voltage and current pulses under mechanical stimulation. LDHs can also enhance the

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• [10]. The delocalized electrons in these regions can freely pass between neighboring centers, thereby reducing the energy activation for conducting electric current. At the same time, the aggregation of the implanted Ag ions and the formation of metal islands or clusters in the form of nanostructures

• ion accelerator (Tandetron 4130 MC) at Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez, Czechia. The ion implantation was performed at room temperature. GO and PI were implanted with Ag+ ions at fluences of 3.75 × 1012 cm−2, 3.75 × 1014 cm−2, and 1.0 × 1016 cm−2. The ion current during the implantation was

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• , Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.16.122 Abstract Polymers play a pivotal role in various drug delivery systems due to their versatility, with polymeric nanoparticles showing significant potential to overcome physiological barriers associated with oral administration. This review examines the current advancements

• , along with the mechanisms of active substance internalization and release within the body. Special attention is given to how PNs have been applied to enhance the oral delivery of peptides, nucleic acids, poorly soluble drugs, and small molecules. Additionally, current strategies for administration and

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• methods are the trend in large-scale screening, multiple challenges such as marker selection, cost, and individual differences [58] have hindered their clinical translation. The emergence of spatial transcriptomics technology [59] offers a promising solution to overcome this current methodological

• lameness, otitis media, and serositis [82]. Current therapeutic interventions predominantly rely on antimicrobial agents and prophylactic vaccination strategies [83]. Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection has also been reported to have the potential to indirectly cause hepatocellular carcinoma [84], gastric

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• drives the bending motion. However, current research on pine cones is increasingly revealing more complex, multilayered systems than simple bilayer analogies suggest. For instance, isolated pine cone scale tissues can bend independently, highlighting the complexity and resilience of the system despite

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• –liquid interfaces and is particularly relevant for battery research. Corrosion Nanometer-thin and spontaneously formed oxide layers, also known as passive films, play a crucial role in the corrosion resistance of many advanced alloys. The current knowledge of the passive films’ structure and composition

• breakdown behavior observed in Cr-containing alloys, where Cr6+ dissolution occurs at high anodic potentials, compromising the integrity of the passive layer. However, in this case, Cr6+ dissolution was not observed. Furthermore, at high current densities, the OER contributes to the localized acidification

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• technological progress and, at the same time, revealing current limitations, future directions, and perspectives for the development of effective and scalable therapeutic strategies. Methods In this patent review, the free online databases of the European Patent Office (EPO) and the World Intellectual Property

• dating back to the early 2000s that describe the application of nanoparticles in cancer treatment [34]. In contrast, other technologies such as nanovaccines and nanocapsules are relatively recent developments, which may account for their lower representation in the current patent landscape [35

• used as therapeutic agents to treat diseases and maintain health and wellness [42]. In recent years, treatments involving natural products have seen significant growth in academia. Historically, natural products have made up 23.5% of approved medicines over the past 40 years. However, current

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• evaluation. Current sampling and pre-processing methods face limitations such as complexity, inconsistent outputs, and time inefficiency, which intelligent sampling tools and cloud-based platforms aim to overcome through real-time optimization. Automated systems will enhance reagent selection and streamline

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• ) and the phase on the JJ/(interferometer) are quantized as follows: where charge energy EC = e2/2CB and Josephson energy EJ = (Φ0Ic)/2π are used (Ic is the critical current flowing through the Josephson junction). The Hamiltonian for the transmon part of our system can be written in the following form

• JJ system will interact directly with the current (magnetic field) in the cavity, and the coupling strength will change from to , where α is a fine structure constant. This case corresponds to the so-called “ultrastrong coupling regime” [50][51], which is beyond the scope of this article. Later, it

• regulated by the interferometric arm asymmetry, and the values of EJ determine the magnitude of the critical current and the area of each JJ: Ic1 ≈ 39.44 nA, S1 = 200 × 197 nm2, Ic2 ≈ 22.21 nA, and S2 = 149 × 149 nm2, with the usual critical current density of j = 1 μA·μm−2. The frequency of the resonator

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• controlled film thickness of 1.5–4.5 μm, on concurrently activated carbon cloth substrates. The composite film exhibited a high efficiency towards removal of rhodamine B and sulfosalicylic acid in water under UV light illumination, mainly thanks to the highly adsorptive substrate [16]. In the current

• dosing, particularly for high pollutant loads (e.g., 100–200 ppm OFL), where excess H2O2 initially suppresses degradation until sufficient radicals are generated. In the current investigation, we note that H2O2 beyond a critical concentration may be necessary to generate sufficient OH• radicals for

• is insignificant in the current investigation. OFL may be compromised by those reactive species (Equations 12–14). The potential photocatalytic degradation mechanisms of OFL are thus delineated as follows and demonstrated schematically in Figure 8b. The effects of the substrate with high adsorption

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• : where Nstep is the previously performed number of time steps; Ek(Δt) and Mk(Δt) are magnetic energy and magnetization modulus at the current time step; ⟨E⟩(Δt) and ⟨M⟩(Δt) are average values of the considered parameters over the entire time period. The deviations of the magnetic parameters from Equation

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• plugs, ~100 nm). The fabricated single unit of n-channel MOSFETs exhibits on/off current ratios exceeding 107 and field-effect mobilities up to 680 cm2·V−1·s−1 [80]. This approach is considered key for realizing the high-density integration and mass production of bioresorbable systems. Looking beyond

• bioresorbable electronics. If these technological challenges can be addressed, bioresorbable electronics are expected to evolve beyond the current paradigm of single-use, time-dependent devices into intelligent, autonomous systems capable of real-time self-assessment and self-regulated degradation. By

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• the nanometer range and different morphologies is continuously growing. One aspect of current studies is further improvement of the properties and performance of the developed silicon-based devices. As a result, crystalline films based on silicon [1][2] as well as nano-sized silicon materials have

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala Pooja Raveendran Nair Jithin Kundalam Kadavath Bindu Krishnan David Avellaneda Avellaneda M. R. Anantharaman Sadasivan Shaji Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, 66455, México Current

• careful control of several factors, such as particle surface charge, the electrical and fluid properties of the suspension, electrode material selection, and the current–voltage parameters. Additionally, it is a cost-effective, environmentally friendly method due to its low energy requirements and minimal

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• AgNPrs with approximately double the original edge length [16][17]. In the current study, the high precursor concentration (1 mM AgNO3) likely promoted frequent interparticle collisions. Initially, AgNPrs formed via mechanism 1 and grew to approximately 40 nm in size. Subsequently, these smaller AgNPrs

• SERS activity compared to AgNPs (seeds). The measurements were performed under identical experimental conditions, including fixed laser polarization, to ensure consistency and the current comparison is intended to be qualitative in nature. The enhancement factor (EF) was calculated using Equation 3 [23

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• provide critical insights into the current state and future directions of biochar's application in addressing MP pollution. Review Research methodology and analytical framework Data collection and processing The study employed bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace to examine publication trends and

• systematically reviewed, categorized, and analyzed using bibliometric software. Data visualization facilitated the identification of research trends and relationships among publications, contributing to a clearer understanding of the field’s progression. Current status and thematic analysis Bibliometric analysis

• concentration of 0.2 g/L [70]. The integration of such mechanisms underscores the effectiveness of MBC and MBC-Zn in treating high-concentration PS systems. For PE, current studies reveal high removal efficiencies of about 92–94% for both large microbeads (2–3 mm) and fine particles (10 µm) by BC [47]. For

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• testing with glucose and dopamine demonstrate limits of detection of 30 nM and 0.01 mM, respectively. The R-squared values for peak current versus concentration are 0.985 and 0.994, indicating strong linear correlations. These nanoscale electrodes hold great promise for single-cell biosensing applications

• 0.25 to 30 μM (Figure 3b). Peak current dependence on the dopamine concentration is depicted by the logarithmic fit in Figure 3c, which may indicate the dopamine detection is an adsorption-controlled system, considering the surface area of our electrode, the concentration of dopamine, and the slow scan

• selected for peak current calculation. Considering the normal range of glucose concentration in human blood ranges from 3.5 to 5.5 mM, the maximum glucose concentration was set to be 10 mM. Cyclic voltammetry testing shows a linear relationship between glucose concentration and peak current, ranging from