A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• biomedical applications, such as in therapies that involve magnetic manipulation with photothermal effect promoting a localized bactericidal activity [42][47][48][49]. Properties and oxidative dissolution The oxidative dissolution of AgNPs occurs by the oxidation of silver to silver oxide (Ag2O), with

Colloidal particle aggregation: mechanism of assembly studied via constructal theory modeling

• Scott C. Bukosky,
• Sukrith Dev,
• Monica S. Allen and
• Jeffery W. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 413–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.33

• variety of applications, including plasmonic/photonic devices, metamaterials, biomaterials and coatings, energetic materials, and high-strength ceramics [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Most applications, however, require precise manipulation of the particle placement, spacing, and

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

• Victor Deinhart,
• Lisa-Marie Kern,
• Jan N. Kirchhof,
• Sabrina Juergensen,
• Joris Sturm,
• Enno Krauss,
• Thorsten Feichtner,
• Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
• Michael Schneider,
• Dieter Engel,
• Bastian Pfau,
• Bert Hecht,
• Kirill I. Bolotin,
• Stephanie Reich and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

• with the automation tool of the NPVE software controlling the He ion microscope according to the FIB-o-mat patterns. No further manipulation of the patterns by the user is required. Hence, FIB-o-mat is technically not necessary for this task but constitutes a significant time-saver. 2 Mechanical

Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface

• Rafal Zuzak,
• Marek Szymonski and
• Szymon Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 232–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.19

• , DBs or DBDs [25]. Manipulation of single FePc molecules It is worth noting that the STM appearance of the individual flat-lying FePc molecules is different from that of the molecules in the FePc island. This finding suggests that the molecules are probably trapped at some surface defects and that the

• manipulation when the molecule marked by the dashed circle suddenly appeared on a perfectly hydrogenated Ge(001):H surface area. This could be inferred from that fact that the image shows the molecule only in the upper part of the scan, whereas the lower part of the topography presents the perfectly

• or the ligands are recorded [24]. The above findings indicate that the FePc molecules stay intact upon deposition on the Ge(001):H surface and that they are decoupled from the germanium substrate by the passivating hydrogen layer. Moreover, the manipulation event allows for the identification of the

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• field-triggered electronic manipulation of nanoscopic W3O9 clusters. Depending on the operating conditions, two different stable oxide phases, z’-TiOx and w’-TiOx, were produced. These phases show a strong effect on the adsorption characteristics and reactivity of W3O9 clusters, which are formed as a

• observed. The findings boost progress toward template-directed nucleation, growth, networking, and charge state manipulation of functional molecular nanostructures on surfaces using operando techniques. Keywords: atom manipulation; scanning tunneling microscopy; supramolecular self-assemblies; titanium

• controlled manipulation of single W3O9 clusters. The power of the STM approach for molecular switches has been demonstrated several times. For example, Cui et al. recently showed the reversible switching of a large discoid polyaromatic salt as a function of the applied bias voltage [27]. By that, we were

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• numerous advantages in using silkworm as a model organism. These animals require less sophisticated infrastructure for rearing, are prolific breeders, have a short life cycle, a moderate body size which allows for an easy manipulation of genes and organs, a clear genetic background, and abundant mutation

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• developed. In the last decade, the area of microfluidics, which is the field of science that studies the manipulation of minute volumes of fluids (i.e., from microliters to picoliters) [17], has experienced a significant growth in bioanalytical applications [17][18]. Electrokinetics (EK) and electric-field

• combination of electrophoresis (EP), dielectrophoresis (DEP), and EO flow effects [22], allowing for additional parameters to fine-tune a separation process. Particle characterization and manipulation with EK techniques offer the potential for developing novel separation schemes for the sorting and enrichment

• methods, although more recently it has been reported that the major phenomena controlling the particles in these systems is the EP of the second kind [25][26]. The use of DEP for protein manipulation via dielectrophoresis chromatography was first reported in 1994 by Washizu et al. [35]. Since then, other

Design of V-shaped cantilevers for enhanced multifrequency AFM measurements

• Mehrnoosh Damircheli and
• Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1525–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.135

• spring constant, quality factor, and resonant frequencies. Research has been conducted to improve AFM cantilevers in terms of manipulation, approximating material property, and images contrast. V-shaped and triangular cantilevers are widely employed in AFM imaging techniques due to their stability

• essential for successful manipulation by AFM and there are many studies focused on this subject [16][17]. It is known that the torsional spring constant of a cantilever should be minimized in order to make it more sensitive to forces [18]. It is also known that V-shaped cantilevers are more sensitive to

Protruding hydrogen atoms as markers for the molecular orientation of a metallocene

• Linda Laflör,
• Michael Reichling and
• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.127

• strongly bonded to the substrate to withstand manipulation due to lateral forces exerted by the approaching tip. (2) The tip atomic arrangement is characterised by a deep minimum of total energy preventing a rearrangement of tip atoms or disintegration if the tip is strained by the interaction with the

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• layer. We discovered that the self-assembly on top of the buffer layer allows better control over the nanoscale manipulation of the self-assembled networks. Using the influence of the STM tip, we could initiate the nucleation of small isolated domains of the benzoic acid on-command in a reproducible

An atomic force microscope integrated with a helium ion microscope for correlative nanoscale characterization

• Santiago H. Andany,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Stefan Hummel,
• Charlène Brillard,
• Mustafa Kangül and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1272–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.111

• spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) [45]). While the implementation of these different imaging modes will require some additional modifications to our existing instrument, the path towards achieving such a truly multi-physics characterization and manipulation tool by combining advanced AFM with HIM can

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• controlled via the manipulation of the magnetic order in the F subsystem [21][22][23][24][25][26]. One possible way to exert such a control is via interaction of superconductivity and interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) of F layers through a normal metal (NM) spacer. The IEC in a F/N/F system can be tuned by

Thermophoretic tweezers for single nanoparticle manipulation

• Jošt Stergar and
• Natan Osterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.97

• Jost Stergar Natan Osterman Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia 10.3762/bjnano.11.97 Abstract We present the trapping and manipulation of a single nano-object in an aqueous medium by

• modeling gives a quantitative prediction of the effect. Traps can be dynamically created and relocated, which we demonstrate by the controlled independent manipulation of two nanoparticles. Keywords: laser; microfluidics; nano-manipulation; thermophoresis; trapping; tweezers; Introduction In science and

• technology, there is an incessant need, or at least a desire, for a (contactless) manipulation of small objects, such as nanoparticles, molecules, or even single atoms. In this work we present an approach to the thermophoretic trapping of particles in dynamic temperature gradients induced through laser

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• rotating needle with a stainless steel core, which simultaneously performed a translational movement to achieve a helical fiber shape. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 31: Additional experimental data. Supporting Information File 32: Video showing the magnetic manipulation of a helical

• chitosan fiber. Magnetic manipulation of a wet-spun helical chitosan fiber with embedded IOPs using a neodymium magnet. Funding The authors thank the MAPEX initiative at the University of Bremen for financial support. D.B. and N.S. gratefully acknowledge funding by the Emmy Noether program of the German

Transition from freestanding SnO₂ nanowires to laterally aligned nanowires with a simulation-based experimental design

• Jasmin-Clara Bürger,
• Sebastian Gutsch and
• Margit Zacharias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 843–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.69

• functionalized as heterostructures with the aim to understand their growth process as well as to use their unique properties in devices [2][3][4][5][6]. Due to their respective high surface-to-volume ratio [7], NWs are highly beneficial for recognition and manipulation of surface-sensitive processes [2][8]. As a

Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration

• Gyllion B. Loozen,
• Arnica Karuna,
• Mohammad M. R. Fanood,
• Erik Schreuder and
• Jacob Caro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 829–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.68

• waveguides. Keywords: Brownian motion; integrated optics devices; lab-on-a-chip; optical trapping; nanofabrication; Raman spectroscopy; ridge waveguides; Introduction Photonic lab-on-a-chip (LOC) techniques strongly attract attention for the manipulation and measurement of biological particles such as

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO₂

• Lukasz Bodek,
• Mads Engelund,
• Aleksandra Cebrat and
• Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

• molecules into the Sn-down conformation was observed either after sample annealing at 200 °C or as a result of tip-induced manipulation. Room-temperature measurements conducted for a coverage of close to a monolayer showed no tendency for molecular arrangement. Keywords: rutile (110) surface; scanning

• the position of a tin atom protruding from the macrocycle: “Sn-up” and “Sn-down”. Switching from the Sn-up to the Sn-down geometry can be realized by annealing the sample at 200 °C or by tip-induced manipulation (bias pulse). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements reveal a lack of strong

• ] direction of the rutile (110) surface. Tip-induced switching sometimes leads to the rotation of the molecule with respect to the surface directions. We suggest that this is the result of the abrupt nature of tip-induced manipulation in which a molecule does not have enough time to thermalize and adapt the

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• ]. As the critical pH is closer to physiological pH, no additional changes are required to release the loaded cargo. The fabrication of a multilayer assembly as well as its post formation manipulation is affected by molecular weight, pH, ionic strength and temperature [49]. When the critical pH is

Nanoarchitectonics: bottom-up creation of functional materials and systems

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 450–452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.36

• other research fields such as atom/molecular manipulation, organic synthesis, supramolecular chemistry, and bio-related technology. This task is assigned to an emerging concept, nanoarchitectonics (Figure 1) [7][8][9]. The nanoarchitectonics concept was initially proposed by Masakazu Aono [10][11] who

Nonclassical dynamic modeling of nano/microparticles during nanomanipulation processes

• Moharam Habibnejad Korayem,
• Ali Asghar Farid and
• Rouzbeh Nouhi Hefzabad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 147–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.13

• , Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 10.3762/bjnano.11.13 Abstract Since the manipulation of particles using atomic force microscopy is not observable in real-time, modeling the manipulation process is of notable importance, enabling us to investigate the dynamical behavior

• the substrate, along with the dominant motion mode, the nonclassical theory of continuum mechanics and a developed von Mises yield criterion are employed to investigate the dynamical behavior of a cylindrical gold nanoparticle during manipulation. Timoshenko and Euler–Bernoulli beam theories based on

• deflection before the beginning of the dominant mode and a difference of more than 25% in the dynamic modeling of a 200 nm manipulation of a gold nanoparticle with a length of 25 µm and aspect ratio of 30. This difference increases with each increment of the aspect ratio and reduction of manipulation

Nanosecond resistive switching in Ag/AgI/PtIr nanojunctions

• Botond Sánta,
• Dániel Molnár,
• Patrick Haiber,
• Agnes Gubicza,
• Edit Szilágyi,
• Zsolt Zolnai,
• András Halbritter and
• Miklós Csontos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 92–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.9

• single exception of its photosensitivity. The latter offers a further possibility for a combined electrical and optical manipulation of the resistance states. Instrumental developments for high-speed resistive switching measurements In order to investigate resistive switching in STM based nanojunctions

The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• particles became immovable again. This effect was attributed to the diffusion of Au into the Si substrate and to the growth of the SiO2 layer. Keywords: annealing; atomic force microscopy (AFM); Au nanoparticles; manipulation; melting; nanotribology; Introduction Gold is one of the most prominent

• ]. Due to their inert state, geometrical diversity and convenient synthesis, Au NPs are an attractive model system for nanotribological manipulation experiments [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and simulations [13]. Additional flexibility is provided by the ability to tune the properties of the NPs by varying

• manipulation of the NPs was performed with a Bruker Multimode 8 AFM in the PeakForce quantitative nanoscale mechanical characteriztion (PeakForce QNM) mode using a rectangular AFM cantilever (Bruker, RTESPA-300, k = 40 N/m) with a resonance frequency of around 300 kHz. Prior to each manipulation, the samples

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• liposomes was examined using two different approaches. To examine this, we exploited a GRPR overexpression construct transfected into the widely used, adherent non-SCLC cell line A549. This model grows more rapidly than SCLC cells and its adherent phenotype allows for easier manipulation. First

Multiple Fano resonances with flexible tunablity based on symmetry-breaking resonators

• Xiao bin Ren,
• Kun Ren,
• Ying Zhang,
• Cheng guo Ming and
• Qun Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2459–2467, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.236

• -breaking ring cavity is proposed. Discrete states are obtained in the same cavity without exciting high-order cavity modes. Because of the equal mode order, the interval of the resonant frequency is reduced. The manipulation of Fano resonances is further discussed by adjusting the degree of asymmetry. More