Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• plants [46]. MgO generates the lowest amount of NO2 and by-products due to the lowest photocatalytic NO removal efficiency (16.8%). 3% MgO@g-C3N4 has the lowest NO2 (21.9%) and highest by-product (53.5%) generation. In addition, the NO2 generation of g-C3N4 is almost equal to that of 1% MgO@g-C3N4. This

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• alternative route is a promising method for synthesizing nanomaterials due to its rapid, low-cost protocol, and safety to the environment [18]. Numerous studies applied green methods for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from plants, fruits, plant extracts, and seaweeds [19][20][21][22]. Rafaie et al. [23

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• manufacturing CDs from these plant components. Plant-based precursors that contain heteroatoms (nitrogen and sulfur) are preferred over carbon sources that demand supplementary heteroatoms for the synthesis of CDs [53]. Without surface-passivating agent: Plants are rich in biomolecules such as carbohydrates and

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• development process that led to the anatomical investigation of honeybee mandibles. The hypothesis is that animal species that regularly have close contact with resinous plants or even actively harvest resins may have developed counter-stickiness strategies. This is because animals that permanently stick to a

• resin sources. Some plants might release chemicals that are picked up by bees [4][13]. Some bees have also been observed probing different plants before collecting resin [14]. When they have found a resin source, they start by first biting off a piece of resin and working it with the mandibles [4][15

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• with its superimposed epicuticular waxes represents the barrier of all aboveground parts of higher plant primary tissues. Epicuticular waxes have multiple effects on the interaction of plants with their living and non-living environment, whereby their shape, dimension, arrangement, and chemical

• among the most common wax structures. An overview of the morphology of various wax structures has been given by Barthlott and co-workers [24]. Wetting The wettability of leaves plays an important role in the interaction of plants with the environment, such as the interaction with pathogens and the

• artificial test system is independent of the environmental influences to which plants in a field are exposed. It can be developed in large numbers with little resources towards the detailed understanding of interfacial effects under laboratory conditions. Experimental Plant material Wheat plants (Triticum

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• bioselectivity. Keywords: antifouling; bacteriostatic; biofouling; bioselective cell adhesion; spider silk protein; Review 1 Introduction 1.1 Bioadhesive protein surfaces Biological adhesion is important for all organisms such as plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi, covering a wide range of biological aspects

Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

• Elena V. Gorb,
• Iryna A. Kozeretska and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

• /bjnano.13.71 Abstract Using cryo scanning electron microscopy, the surface micromorphology of vegetative (leaf blade and ligule) and generative (pedicel and outer glume) organs in Deschampsia antarctica, one of the only two flowering plants native to Antarctica, was examined. Whereas the pedicel and

• hierarchical structure of the wax coverage on both leaf surfaces is described in D. antarctica for the first time. Keywords: cryo-SEM; microstructure; plant; surface; wax projection; Introduction The Antarctic hair grass Deschampsia antarctica É. Desv. (Poaceae) is one of the only two flowering plants native

• to Antarctica, where it inhabits northern and western parts of the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent islands free of permanent ice and snow in summer [1]. These perennial, 3–20 cm high plants have leaves with narrow folded or V-shaped ribbed leaf blades and true panicle inflorescences. They grow

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• Phytochemicals are organic substances produced by plants with pharmacological and biological activity. Phytochemical-based medicines have become popular in the pharmaceutical market because of their diversity, availability, low cost, and little or no undesirable side effects [1]. Berberine (BBR) has been widely

• known as a phytochemical substance in treating diarrhea, digestive disorders, and gastroenteritis. It is the quaternary salt of the isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from many plants, such as Berberis aristata, Berberis aquifolium, Berberis vulgaris, Coptis chinensis, Coptis japonica, and Hydrastis

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• gas in power plants presents a promising route [4]. There are mainly three types of CO2 recovery systems, namely, pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxyfuel combustion. After the recovery of CO2, separation of CO2 from N2 (i.e., the main gas in power plant flue gas) or CH4 (i.e., the main gas in

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• vehicles (e.g., construction equipment, boats) and industrial sources such as power plants, industrial boilers, cement kilns, and turbines [3]. In addition, diesel vehicles are considered a primary NOx emission source causing adversely impacts on environment and human health, such as acid rain, global

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• surfaces. The changes in the micro- and macroscale morphology of the leaves should improve our understanding of the way that plants defend themselves against insect herbivores. Keywords: cuticular ridges; insect adhesion; leaf surfaces; ontogeny; polarity; surface replication; Introduction The plant

• cuticle is a thin non-cellular membrane that covers most of the above-ground organs of land plants. It is a composite matrix consisting of cutin and cutan as its main components, contains intracuticular waxes, and typically is covered by an outer layer of epicuticular waxes. The cuticle and the underlying

• temperatures, low humidity, and high light intensity, plants are known to develop thicker and (more) waxy cuticles [38][39][40]. Therefore, as described in the previous section, the ridge development on the leaves (Figure 2 and Figure 4) might depend upon the way that leaves are covered and protected (by being

Self-assembly of Eucalyptus gunnii wax tubules and pure ß-diketone on HOPG and glass

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.70

• Miriam Anna Huth Axel Huth Kerstin Koch Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Marie-Curie-Str. 1, 47533 Kleve, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.12.70 Abstract Eucalyptus trees and many plants from the grass family (Poaceae) and the heather family (Ericaceae) have a protective

• interface, covers all aerial non-lignified parts of higher plants [1]. It is an extracellular membrane of epidermal cells, consisting of a matrix of the polymer cutin and a mixture of hydrophobic compounds, the cuticular waxes [2][3]. This interface is a multifunctional surface optimized by evolution to

• protect plants from environmental stress [4]. Waxes are, thereby, essential for a variety of functions, especially in the wettability and self-cleaning ability of plant surfaces [5][6]. Plant waxes consist of a complex mixture of aliphatic and aromatic compounds. The exact chemical composition of the wax

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• of CTAB-capped gold nanorods on estuarine model systems (consisting of sediments, plants, microbial films, fish, and snails) for observing ecological and environmental impact [71]. The results showed that the biofilms were the primary route through which gold nanorods enters the food chain. It is

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• the exposure and laser power of the confocal microscopy images [97]. Pairs of healthy and diseased leaf photographs from different plants were collected in order to develop a deep learning model for disease detection [97][98]. Acquiring sets of images can be a complicated and prolonged task

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

• Thies H. Büscher and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

• , substrates [1][2][59][60]. Many insects are phytophagous, often strongly focused on a narrow spectra of angiosperm plants [37][61][62][63][64][65][66]. Additionally, plants are not only used for nutrition but also represent sites for foraging, mating, and placement of the offspring [67][68][69][70][71

• ]. Hence, the evolution of the attachment systems appears to be associated with the coexistence of insects and plants. The coevolution of angiosperms and insects is suggested to have resulted in an extensive adaptive co-radiation [72][73][74]. Besides chemical weapons against herbivorous insects, a large

• variety of surface micro- and nanostructures evolved on the plants. As a response, the insects developed different micro- and nanostructures to walk on those surfaces and attach to them [1]. Consequently, a plethora of different attachment devices has been evolved in insects. Although insects are

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• the previously used urea [48][49][51] and citric acid [50][52]. ᴅ-(+)-glucose has been used as alternative fuel for the SCS process mainly for two reasons. The first one is that ᴅ-(+)-glucose is a naturally abundant form of glucose, which is formed during photosynthesis by plants and most algae [53

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• been reported to improve the weight and the height of tobacco plants and it was also successful in reducing the severity of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum when compared to control or to other magnesium dioxide nanoparticle concentrations (50 and 150 µg/mL) [23]. The ability of MgO NPs

• to generate more reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to induce oxidative stress could be a reason for their antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum in tobacco plants [23]. Aside from MgO NPs, other nanomaterials, including titanium dioxide (TiO2 NPs), zinc oxide (ZnO NPs), copper oxide (CuO NPs

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• compounds. The term used for addressing these methods is also referred to as “biological” synthesis. Previous studies have used bacteria [167][168][169][170], fungi [171][172][173][174], viruses [175][176], yeasts [177][178][179], plants [180][181][182][183] and plant extracts [166][184][185][186][187][188

• nanostructures using plants and plant extracts has recently gained more attention. These methods can act as appropriate alternatives for other methods as a result of their simplicity, low-cost, non-toxicity, and simple scale-up capability [186]. In addition, thanks to their non-pathogenic and biocompatibility

• characteristics, AgNPs synthesized by plants and plant extracts are ideal for biomedical applications [304]. Plant extracts contain phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids which are soluble in water [305]. These compounds provide the reagent with unique reducing and capping characteristics [306]. This

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• samples, rendering HIM a promising high-resolution imaging technique for biological samples. Starting with studies focused on medical research, the last decade has seen some particularly spectacular high-resolution images in studies focused on plants, microbiology, virology, and geomicrobiology. However

• plants HIM imaging of small animals and plants has been around since the early years of helium ion microscopy, when pollen samples [7][8] and pine leaves [14] were imaged. The first in-depth and notable HIM imaging demonstration of small animals was done in 2012 by Boden et al. [12], when the intricate

• study regarding biological HIM imaging of a whole variety of biological samples, including plants, bacteria, cancer cells, and a nematode worm, Pristionchus pacificus. The imaging of that worm will be discussed later in the section “Nanofabrication” regarding its innovative use of the combination of

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• received significant attention regarding their low environmental impact compared to other procedures [12][13]. There are different routes in which the green synthesis methods are applied through the use of microorganisms and plants in a safe, efficient, and profitable manner [14]. Different types of metal

• subsequently transformed into FeO NPs, occurs through an intracellular synthesis pathway since the bacteria or fungi carry the ions to the intracellular space [85]. The use of plants presents some advantages over other production sources since phytochemicals can act as protecting and stabilizing agents

• the environment [10]. Different parts of the plants can be used in the green synthesis of NPs. For example, spherical copper NPs (≈5–20 nm) were obtained by using Curcuma longa tuber extract and copper acetate dehydrate. These Cu NPs demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• diversity of crops and cultivation environments, it is necessary to seek more efficient modes of application, which lead to a homogeneous distribution and promote a sustained release according to the plants demand. Seed coating, using films containing a biodegradable polymer and auxins intercalated into

• germination rate and germination speed index of the seeds, as well as biometric analyses including measurements of root area, root fresh matter, and shoot length of the plants. The bioassay performed in soil pots showed that the alginate film containing ZnAl-NAA-LDH yields an enhancement regarding root area

• , fresh root matter and shoot length of plants. Thus, films produced from a mixture of alginate and the hybrid material containing the growth regulator intercalated into LDH can be a viable alternative to enhance plant development, which can be included in seed management. Keywords: bioassays

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• [1], the nanoscopic flagella in bacteria [2], the spiral shape of some bacteria (e.g., Helicobacter pylori) [3], the chiral seed pods [4], and the macroscopic tendrils of climbing plants [5][6]. With their ability to store mechanical energy and to optimize the accessible surface area of a biological

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• Gennady L. Burygin Polina I. Abronina Nikita M. Podvalnyy Sergey A. Staroverov Leonid O. Kononov Lev A. Dykman Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, Saratov, 410049, Russia

• Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS). Approximately 20 μL of glyco-GNPs suspension was applied to a film (Parafilm, USA) and a formvar-coated copper grid (200 mesh) was placed on the drop for 20 min. Thermal attachment was

• culture of E. coli strain K-12 was obtained from the Collection of the Rhizosphere Microorganisms of the Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms RAS (Saratov, Russia) [119]. The cells were grown on a solid nutrient medium for isolation of Mycobacteria (the Löwenstein–Jensen

Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes

• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Pierrick G. J. Fournier,
• Danna L. Arellano,
• Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez,
• Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28

• coupling of drugs and molecular therapies, such as siRNA, in the same nanocarrier seems to be an excellent strategy to increase the efficiency of anti-cancer therapies. Experimental Production and purification of the virus CCMV and BMV were obtained from infected cowpea and barley plants, respectively. The

• μg/μL of wild-type virus suspension. After the plants showed symptoms of infection the leaves were collected, chopped in a blender with extraction buffer (0.5 M sodium acetate and 0.08 M magnesium acetate, pH 4.5). The mixture was filtered through cheesecloth and then one volume of chloroform was