Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• application of metalloantibiotics is limited by their potential toxicity, instability, and lack of target specificity. Encapsulating metalloantibiotics in drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, and polymeric carriers, could mitigate these challenges, enhancing their therapeutic index and

• .; Liu, G. Nanoscale 2025, 17, 5605–5628. doi:10.1039/D4NR04774E ]. This review explores the potential of encapsulated metalloantibiotics as a new frontier in antimicrobial therapy. We address the mechanisms by which drug delivery systems can stabilize and direct metalloantibiotics to their biological

• oxygen species, ROS), exchange or release of ligands, abolition of key enzyme activities, disruption of membrane function, and damage of the bacterial DNA [20]. Despite the obvious advantages of metal-based over purely organic drugs, there are several potential limitations that must be overcome for gold

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• Ferroptosis has shown potential therapeutic effects in tumor therapy as an iron-dependent programmed cell death. The induction of ferroptosis is based on lipid peroxidation, the accumulation of iron and reactive oxygen species, and the depletion of glutathione. Nowadays, various nanoparticles are reported for

• ][10]. The main advantage of ferroptosis lies in its cell death mechanism, which bypasses multidrug resistance and improves conventional chemotherapy, highlighting its remarkable therapeutic efficacy [8]. Ferroptosis treatment holds potential for addressing a range of conditions, including liver

• marked by an accumulation of PUFAs and a lack of reduced GSH, making these cells susceptible to ferroptosis [84]. Due to their vast therapeutic potential, ferroptosis inducers have attracted significant attention in cancer research. Additionally, different nanomaterials have been created to trigger

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• our comprehension of laser–material interactions and hold potential implications for surface engineering and material science applications. Keywords: cross section of LIPSS; high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL); laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS); low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• converted into porous BiVO4 photoanodes. This approach yielded electrodes with enhanced PEC activity, achieving a photocurrent density of approximately 1.25 mA·cm−2 at 0.5 V vs RHE in neutral phosphate buffer under AM1.5G illumination. This study highlighted the potential of BiOI-derived BiVO4 as a template

• -guided route for improving water oxidation performance. However, the use of a constant-potential deposition technique presents limitations in controlling the film thickness, morphology, and uniformity, which are crucial for consistent BiVO4 performance after conversion. Variability in the BiOI film

• , which applied constant potential conditions, our method employs a variable current-controlled deposition strategy. This approach enables the fine-tuning of the nucleation and growth behavior of BiOI flakes, resulting in enhanced control over the thickness, grain structure, and uniformity, which are key

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• predominantly [9]. These compounds have the potential to enhance immune response, reduce the risk of degenerative diseases, and contribute to anti-inflammatory activity [10][11], reducing the indiscriminate use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids in the population [12][13

• ]. Despite these variations, the compositional profiles remain comparable, underscoring the distinctive chemical characteristics of the oil studied. Preparation of nanoemulsions, required hydrophilic–lipophilic balance, droplet size, zeta potential, and shelf stability The development of a nanoemulsion

• , maintaining consistent zeta potential and droplet size parameters over a 180-day storage period at 25 ± 2 °C. Dynamic light scattering analysis revealed a mean nanodroplet size (by intensity) of 173.6 ± 0.70 nm (Figure 2A). The nanoemulsion, composed of 0.28 parts of Span 80® and 0.72 parts of Tween 80

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• physicochemical and biological properties, and incredible potential of being therapeutic agent carriers for biomedical applications [10][11]. They are capable to deliver a range of therapeutics including genes, vaccines, biological macromolecules, hydrophobic/hydrophilic drugs, and proteins to certain organs such

• and MHT performance in vitro. Furthermore, RAW267.4-loaded with Fe@Fe3O4-DHCA demonstrated efficiency in vivo. Thus, Fe@Fe3O4-DHCA nanoparticles showed great application potential for tumor diagnosis and therapy [34]. 1.1.3 Neutrophils. Neutrophils are among the most abundant and frontline phagocytes

• with chemotherapeutic agents, rHDL shows outstanding active targeting and anticancer activities [57]. Moreover, rHDL showed potential to co-load hydrophobic paclitaxel and hydrophilic doxorubicin in apo A-I targeted rHDL nanoparticles. These nanoparticles showed superior antitumor activity in vitro and

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• develop composite materials with superior properties. Compared to other inorganic nanomaterials, nanocellulose (NC) has been noted to be a highly potential sustainable and bio-based filler that can be obtained from otherwise wasted agricultural byproducts like rice straw [11][19]. NC can enhance polymer

• . While earlier studies have focused on either nanocellulose as a reinforcement or Pickering emulsions for bioactive delivery, their combined potential in scalable solutions has not been explored. By integrating nanocellulose and essential oils, biopackaging can achieve superior mechanical strength

• fruit that is highly susceptible to microbial contamination and mold growth [39] to highlight its potential to extend shelf life and improve postharvest quality. The findings indicate that this bioactive film could serve as an effective alternative to conventional packaging, offering both sustainability

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• . (2017), the authors developed an innovative hydrogel that can be directly injected into the injured skin. The benefits associated with wound healing stand out: self-regeneration potential, antibacterial activity, neutralization of free radicals, high adhesion to the skin, and biocompatibility. These

• ][200], radiation [201], reduction potential [202], or concentration of specific compounds, including glucose [203] and reactive oxygen species [204], may result in the modification of particle conformation, leading to the release of the transported drug. Some nanogels can simultaneously respond to two

• temperature responsiveness and high efficiency to release diclofenac, showing potential as dermal nanocarriers by mimicking a biological environment [208]. Naproxen, another nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been incorporated into poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) nanogels for release into the skin. The

Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• are unsuitable solvents for PpIX, whereas the nanostructured systems containing P407 showed the greatest potential for future pharmaceutical applications, mainly the aqueous one because of its low toxicity considering topical preparations. Keywords: 5-aminolevulinic acid; photodynamic therapy

• optimize the development of new drug delivery systems for PDT applications. Moreover, the potential of P407 as a feasible system for PpIX delivery was also evaluated in different media. Experimental Preparation of the systems The systems were prepared at least 24 h before the test and used for up to seven

• favorable behavior, as no micellar disintegration was observed, unlike the systems containing ethanol. These findings are consistent with other experimental results, reinforcing the stability and solubilizing potential of aqueous micellar systems for PpIX [8]. To improve the assessment of solubility

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• with smaller size, improved polydispersity index, and enhanced stability, evidenced by a higher zeta potential. FTIR analysis confirmed rotenoid incorporation into the nanocomposite and suggested hydrogen bonding or potential covalent interaction with chitosan functional groups. Bioassays demonstrated

• /TPP–β-CD–rot nanocomposite exerted cytotoxic effects, confirming their favorable safety profile. These findings highlight the potential of nanotechnology to enhance the efficacy of bioactive compounds while minimizing environmental and human health risks, offering a sustainable and innovative strategy

• becomes crucial to overcome these obstacles in vector control in a smarter way [5][6][7][8]. Bioactive compounds from plants have demonstrated great potential as bioinsecticidal agents. Derived from renewable sources, these compounds possess complex chemical compositions, diverse modes of action, and

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• Information Technology, Allahabad, UP-211015, India 10.3762/bjnano.16.87 Abstract Zinc sulfide nanotubes have garnered significant attention as potential candidates for chemical sensing applications owing to their exceptional structural, electronic, and optical properties. In this study, we employed density

• spectra and optical conductivity peaks, highlight the potential of ZnS NT for designing sensitive and reusable CP gas sensors. Keywords: chemical sensor; chloropicrin (CP); density functional theory; zinc sulfide nanotubes (ZnS NTs); Introduction Chloropicrin (CP), also known as trichloronitromethane

• agent and is listed as a Schedule II substance under the Chemical Weapons Convention [4]. While its classification permits legal production, storage, and transportation for non-warfare applications, the compound remains a potential hazard due to its dual-use nature. Recognized as both a choking agent

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• obtain the spectrum of the cantilever. A Lorentzian fit was then performed to the obtained peak and finally the cantilever constant was calculated. To take into account any potential change in the dimensions of PA at different osmolarities, the cross section tool from the NanoScope software was used to

• . On PA, a negative FA or repulsion of about 25 pN was obtained, while a positive adhesion FA of about 50 pN on the PLL coat was measured. These results are consistent with the information gained by ξ-potential measurements of PA when measured in Milli-Q water, where a negative surface charge for PA of

• potential cell lysis are prevented by the rapid reaction of MS channels to low osmolarities, which also decreases membrane tension. Decompression of exceeding internal pressures within PA is then reduced, and obtained values for kPA and Pt represent the equilibration phase of PA which counteracts exceeding

Transfer function of an asymmetric superconducting Gauss neuron

• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Aleksander S. Ionin,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Mikhail S. Sidel’nikov,
• Sergey V. Egorov and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1160–1170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.85

• to understand how the TF transforms when certain basic assumptions are violated. This can be important for improving device design and diagnosing potential faults. In this work, we consider three possible violations of the equivalence principle (“symmetry”) of the input arms of the Gauss neuron. The

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• Interface Science (KiNSIS), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.84 Abstract High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA NPs) represent a promising material class with significant potential in various applications, such as heterogeneous

• , compositionally complex alloys, derived from the critical view of the high-entropy effect [1]. The symbiosis of multiple elements leading to potential highly effective properties was already shown in energy applications [13], particularly in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, boosting efficiencies in ammonia

• crystal structure in ignoble HEA NPs on pulse duration (ps vs ns) is hypothesized. To further investigate this hypothesis, we looked at further potential influence factors, such as a potential dependency on particle sizes, solvent type, deviating compositions in the ablated bulk targets and HEA NPs, laser

Deep learning for enhancement of low-resolution and noisy scanning probe microscopy images

• Samuel Gelman,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Nir Kampf,
• Marek Patočka,
• Maricarmen Rios,
• Marcos Penedo,
• Georg Fantner,
• Amir Beker,
• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Ido Azuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.83

• whether these features are genuine or artifacts, as we note that ground truth is also not completely immune to artifacts. These questionable features can be treated as any potential artifact in microscopic images and benefit from verification by independent means, when possible. Minimally, sufficient

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• coatings after annealing, hardness values were lower than for as-deposited coatings. The most notable differences were observed in the abrasion tests, where the IBAD process significantly enhanced the abrasion resistance of the coatings. This research highlights the potential of IBAD to prepare dense

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• acetate [23], paclitaxel [24], naproxen and fenofibrate [25], curcumin [26], and cinnamon [27]. This work aims to fabricate aqueous colloids of MPc (M = AlCl, Fe, Co, Zn) and Pt complex octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) (Figure 1) nanoparticles with a high dispersion stability and to demonstrate the potential

• strongly supports that cellular phototoxicity is due to photosensitized ROS generation by the nanoparticles. Therefore, it is concluded that the MPc and PtOEP nanoparticles fabricated by PLAL could be used as a new potential photosensitizer for PDT. The efficiency for PDT in acting as a sensitizer cannot

• useful as a potential photosensitizer for PDT treatments in biomedical applications. Experimental Materials Cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (CoPc, 97%), nickel(II) phthalocyanine (NiPc, 85%), platinum octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP, 98%), and Pluronic® F-127 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Chloroaluminum

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• groups. It is also estimated that the weight adsorption capacity of SLGO in the 1.0 mol/L-Cs aqueous solution is as much as approximately 70 wt %. It has been demonstrated that GO has great potential to be a promising adsorbent for Cs in aqueous solutions. Keywords: cesium adsorption; chemical vapor

• methods have been reported, including the Broadie and Hummers methods, contingent upon the oxidizing agent employed [8][14][15]. GO possesses the ultimate large surface area, low-cost production, and high chemical stability. Therefore, GO has a potential prospect to be an efficient adsorbent for metal

• zeolites. Consequently, SLGO was demonstrated to be a promising adsorbent. As SLGO grown on α-Al2O3(0001) exhibits stable adhesion to the substrate and possess a large surface area, we are interested in exploring a broad spectrum of potential applications. These applications may include sensing materials

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• potential to accelerate bone tissue regeneration and promote bone healing. These findings offer a promising avenue for developing new therapies for bone-related injuries and conditions requiring significant bone remodeling. Keywords: bone healing; hexagonal boron nitrides; human osteoblasts; nanomaterials

• bioactive molecules, biomimetic fibrous substitutes, biomaterials-based 3D cell-printing substitutes, and nanoscaffolds incorporating stem cells [15]. Piezoelectric materials are also under active investigation for their potential application in bone regeneration therapies [2][8][16]. These materials can

• enhance its potential as a nano–bio interface in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine [28][29]. The crystalline structure of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) consists of in-plane B–N bonds that are sp2 hybridized, polarized, and strongly covalent. Its most stable form is a hexagonal lattice of

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• also illustrate the potential applications, including organic semiconductor devices, electrochemical catalysts, thin-film sensors, solar energy generation, plastic crystal electrolytes, microactuators, smart light-responsive materials, self-repairing materials, enzyme cascade sensors, healing materials

• for diabetic bone defects, and bactericidal materials. As can be seen from these examples, soft materials nanoarchitectonics offers a wide range of material designs, specific functions, and potential applications. In addition, this review examines the current state and future of soft materials

• include a high degree of responsiveness to external stimuli. The nanoarchitectonics of liquid crystal structures offers significant potential for the development of stimuli-responsive materials and functional substances, which would be highly beneficial for advancing materials science. The following

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• mechanical strength and stiffness, improved the tribological properties by reducing friction, and increased the crystallization temperature. However, it also resulted in a decrease in elasticity. Morphological analysis confirmed the uniform dispersion of the nanotubes. These findings underscore the potential

• second heating (65.5% compared to 27.3% and 9%). To evaluate the potential of using PBS-based nanocomposites with CNTs, their physical, tribological, and mechanical properties were studied (Table 3 and Table 4). The addition of CNTs to PBS at a concentration of 0.5 wt % has minimal impact on the hardness

• packaging, which typically require elongation at break in the range of 100–600% and Young’s modulus between 200 and 700 MPa [25]. Potential applications include stretch sleeves, flexible lids, and barrier films, where controlled deformation and improved wear resistance are desired. Rheological analysis

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• interest is due to its crucial role as a gaseous signaling molecule in the human body [16][17][18][19][20][21] and its great potential as an unconventional therapeutic to fight important diseases, including cancer, bacterial infections, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders [22][23][24][25][26

• , supramolecular nanoconstructs, and nanomaterials photoreleasing NO have been developed as potential nanomedicines over the last decades [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. In this regard, generating NO with highly biocompatible long wavelength green or red light is highly desirable over blue or even UV

• shown in Figure 2C,D, no fluorescence was detected in HuDe cells, while in MCF7 cells we observed an evident, intense diffuse fluorescence at the cytoplasmatic level. The uptake only in tumor cells suggests the nanoassembly of 1 as a potential new agent for selective tumor cell imaging and nanocarrier

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• studying structural dynamics in ionized liquid water. Electrons and X-rays can both be used to structurally characterize the sample material and are often combined to best understand a sample. Electrons are sensitive to the electrostatic potential of the object and hence can probe both electrons and nuclei

• intensity depends only on the atoms present in the molecule. It is worth noting that the atomic scattering factor for electrons can be calculated via a Fourier transform of the atomic potential, while for X-rays it can be obtained using a Fourier transform of electron density. The two results are however

• within a liquid environment. Potential applications of UED include investigating the non-thermal heating of water molecules surrounding NPs, which occurs on femtosecond to picosecond timescales, as well as examining the response of the water environment to heat transfer and the mechanical work performed

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• measurements reveal the diversity of mitochondrial shapes. Moreover, a morphodynamic effect was identified, the magnitude of which depends on mitochondrial viability. This method, applied for the first time to mitochondria, shows potential for visualising the morphodynamic responses of mitochondria to their

• citric acid cycle, mitochondria facilitate oxidative phosphorylation, which generates the energy carrier adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Indicators of mitochondrial metabolic activity include a high membrane potential and oxygen consumption [4][5]. Recent research emphasises that mitochondria should not be

• in the metabolically active mitochondria with high membrane potential (Figure 1b, control in centre column). After treatment with FCCP, depolarisation occurs (Figure 1b, FCCP in the right column) and TMRE fluorescence decreases. MTG labels mitochondria independently from the membrane potential

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• catechol moiety present in PG-CDs can form chelation with Ag+ ions. The Ag+ having a very high oxidation potential can easily be reduced to Ag(0) with concomitant oxidation of catechol to quinones. The quinones that are simultaneously created stabilize the AgNPs which are formed when the as-formed Ag(0

• examined within a 0–0.8 V potential window. Aqueous (aq.) electrolytes are inexpensive, readily accessible, and environmentally benign. In this case, KCl (aq.) is neutral and contains small-sized, highly mobile K+ and Cl− ions. These ions should be easier to reach in order to optimize the electrochemical

• . In order to ascertain the SC of PG-CDs-AgNPs, the galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) experiment was further implemented within the potential window of 0–0.8 V using the similar electrolyte and electrode configurations as the CV test (Figure 5b). The symmetric GCD profiles of PG-CDs-AgNPs