Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• transformation of resazurin (initially blue and non-fluorescent) into resorufin (pink and fluorescent) by metabolically active cells, facilitating the measurement of cell viability [35][36]. Briefly, 4T1 cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin–streptomycin in a humidified

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• degradation of P-NP and the formation of P-AP as a model reaction. This transformation, catalyzed by noble metal nanoparticles in the presence of NaBH4 as reducing agent, is widely utilized to assess the catalytic performance of nanomaterials [14]. All catalytic experiments were performed in a standard quartz

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• ., chemical formula, shape group, and coating). The collection of descriptors characterised by continuous numerical values was subsequently delineated as the “continuous set” for clarity purposes. The transformation of the descriptive category of descriptors into binary representations was carried out to

• facilitate the inclusion of these qualitative descriptors in ML algorithms. Binary encoding allows for the representation of categorical variables as binary vectors, where each category variant is encoded as 0 or 1, respectively. This transformation is essential because many ML algorithms require input data

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• are stable) because of surface effects. There is an intermediate zone of sizes and parameters where radiation-induced defects become important so that the α-phase particle is unstable without irradiation but becomes stable under irradiation. For large sizes and low temperatures, the α→β transformation

• . For example, a two-phase TiCr alloy undergoes phase transformation when irradiated with Kr+ ions with an energy of 1 MeV [13]. In another study, a bcc→fcc phase transition was observed in an α-FeNi alloy due to radiation of self-ions at 673 K and a dose of approximately 1.2 dpa [14]. Furthermore

• . However, in cases where the structure is rebuilt, the role of vacancies becomes less obvious. This suggests that other factors must be considered to better understand the transformations in HDCMs under irradiation. A recent study reported a phase transformation in a 25 nm thick nanocrystalline Au thin

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• vaccines and treatments for chronic conditions, providing a less invasive and more patient-friendly alternative to traditional methods. The Aculeata sting represents a remarkable evolutionary transformation of the ovipositor. It has lost its original function of egg-laying to serve as a potent venom

Introducing third-generation periodic table descriptors for nano-qRASTR modeling of zebrafish toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles

• Supratik Kar and
• Siyun Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1142–1152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.93

• ’ kinetics, migration, and transformation than in vitro cell culture assays [14]. Meanwhile, it is considered an equivalent model for investigating developmental toxicity and genotoxicity because around 85% of its genes are comparable to those found in humans [15]. The potential harm to human health posed by

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• overexpressed in activated HSCs and strongly related to the transformation of HSCs into matrix-producing myofibroblasts during liver fibrinogenesis [68][69]. The HSC-mediated antifibrotic drugs work through several mechanisms, including inhibition of fibrogenesis (ECM synthesis), inhibition of HSC proliferation

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• adapting theories suitable for bulk materials to NPs; examples include the classical nucleation theory [33], phenomenological models [34][35][36], as well as molecular simulations [37][38][39][40]. A molecular dynamics (MD) study of shape transformation and melting of tetrahexahedral Pt NPs has been

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• in CoCrNi MEAs with various grain size gradients during the cutting process. CNA was used to identify the structural phase transformation and amorphization processes of CoCrNi MEAs during cutting. The subsurface damage mechanism was investigated through the structural transformation of surface atoms

• structure evolution results show that the mixed phase of FCC and HCP is maintained in the chip after cutting. The internal crystal structure undergoes a phase transformation from FCC to HCP during cutting. Stacking faults, twins, and grain boundary slips inside the grains affect the plastic deformation

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• ] for details). After Fourier transformation and taking the limit a→0, Equation 1 becomes [78]: where , τ0 = (ε1 + ε2)/(σ1 + σ2), and It should be noted that Equation 6 only depends on k = |k| since radial symmetry is assumed. For a non-oscillating tip (z0 and V constant), this equation can be solved

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• individual NWs (see Figure 1b and Figure 1c). The as-grown NWs typically are single crystalline without any distinguishable planar structural defects, such as twin boundaries or stacking faults. Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) was performed on the TEM images to ascribe the crystalline planes and determine

• information on the crystalline structure of NWs. Fast Fourier transformation was performed on the obtained TEM images to determine crystalline orientations. The structure was also analysed using XRD on a Rigaku MiniFlex 600 X-ray powder diffractometer. The measurements were conducted in Bragg–Brentano θ/2θ

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• the same exfoliation method. These combined findings highlight the structural changes during the non-thermal plasma exfoliation process, further supporting the successful transformation of bulk TiN into nanosheets. Figure 3 shows high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of TiN

• higher transparency to the microscope beam is observed, indicating fewer scattering centers. When comparing Figure 3a and Figure 3d, it is clear that the initial compact 3D TiN blocks underwent a transformation and evolved into plate-like thin layers. The high-resolution image in Figure 3f shows a

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• properties when compressed against water was fabricated using HVPE of CdS on sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods through the simultaneous or subsequent transformation of CdS into ZnS and the removal of the sacrificial ZnO crystals [16]. Self-propelled liquid marbles have been demonstrated on the basis of this

• of a major zinc blende ZnS phase with some content of a tetragonal rutile SnO2 phase. The content of the SnO2 phase decreases with increasing the duration of the technological procedure with a concomitant transformation of the zinc blende phase to the wurtzite phase. The high crystalline quality of

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• and the easy movement of the domain walls can result in a decrease in coercivity. The reduced particle size leads to reduced coercivity, which could be expressed as a transformation from a ferrimagnetic to a superparamagnetic state [15]. Figure 6d presents the nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms

Quantitative wear evaluation of tips based on sharp structures

• Ke Xu and
• Houwen Leng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 230–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.22

• considers both the expansion of the probe and the sample [21], Here, P represents the inversion transformation of the topography curve of the probe centered on the origin, denotes the expansion operator in mathematical morphology, I represents the image topography obtained by scanning the sample with AFM

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• the protein’s initial orientation. This initial orientation is set by performing a principle axis transformation such that the axis associated with the smallest moment of inertia is aligned to the z axis and the second smallest to the y axis, that is, the z axis is now typically associated with the

• cycle of dairy products, showcasing potential sources and pathways of contamination. It features the stages of grazing, collection, processing, and packaging. The relevant processes include surface fouling and milk contamination during food transformation as well as the formation of a protein corona on

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• origami but also their transformation upon irradiation. FIB processing Inspired by the shape preservation of DNA origami nanostructures under ion beam irradiation, we explored the damage response under a conventional focused ion beam typically used in lithography. Lines of about ∼140 nm in width ∼40 nm in

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• . The concentration ratio between zinc chloride and sodium hydroxide was assessed utilizing the chemical equation formula provided below: Upon drying, the transformation of Zn(OH)2 into ZnO was elucidated by the following equation. Characterization of ZnO NPs Then ZnO NPs were characterized using PXRD

unDrift: A versatile software for fast offline SPM image drift correction

• Tobias Dickbreder,
• Franziska Sabath,
• Lukas Höltkemeier,
• Ralf Bechstein and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1225–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.101

• autocorrelation is superior for images containing very few unit cells. In between these extremes, there is a range where both methods work well as shown in our examples in Figure 2. The dependence of the optimal transformation for peak extraction on the image size is caused by the finite resolution of the

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• in the “payload” on the chip may be more important. Apparently, the simplest superconducting circuit with a nonlinear flux-to-flux transformation in the classical regime is a single-contact interferometer, as depicted in the left part of Figure 1. However, the typical form of the function f for such

• an element does not meet the aforementioned requirements. In the classical mode, it can be demonstrated [28] that the desired form of f(Φin) can be achieved by adding an inductance with a specially chosen linear flux-to-flux transformation to the interferometer, as illustrated in the right part of

• Figure 1. At zero temperature and under quasi-adiabatic changes in the circuit’s inputs, the desired transformation (now for average values) will occur even in the quantum regime, when the spectrum of eigenvalues of the system’s Hamiltonian operator is discrete. Nevertheless, it raises the question of

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• principles calculations of the cohesive energy and elastic constants as well as phonon dispersion relations show stability of both hcp and dhcp polytypes of gold [24]. Ab initio studies indicate higher stability of the fcc phase and a tendency towards hcp → fcc phase transformation. However, the calculated

• differences between the polytypes are very small [14][25]. In contrast, molecular dynamics simulations of metallic nanowires show a phase transformation from fcc to hcp below a critical diameter [26]. These findings support the feasibility of obtaining new hexagonal structures under conditions where surface

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• package. The k2-weighted χ(k) data, to enhance the oscillations at higher k, were Fourier-transformed. The Fourier transformation was calculated using the sine filtering function. EXAFS modelling was carried out using the ARTEMIS software [77]. Theoretical scattering path amplitudes and phase shifts for

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• ]. Cu nanoparticles were created during when the CuII/ade-MOFs reconstructed and act as active centers for CO2 reduction to CH4 and C2H4. Conclusion and Outlook MOFs were recognized as promising nanomaterials for the transformation of CO2 into valuable products through electrochemical processes. This

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• 2D structure was also stabilized by both I···N halogen bonding and Ar–F···H–Py interactions (Figure 7c–e). However, the addition of coronene as a guest allowed for a transformation of the 2D structure from cross-shaped to hexagonal, where a maximum of seven coronene molecules were close-packed and