pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

• Karishma Berta Cotta,
• Sarika Mehra and
• Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

• supplemented with 10% FBS was added and the cells were allowed to stabilize for 24 h under identical conditions of temperature and CO2. Differentiation was confirmed by the visualization of adhered cells to the bottom of the culture well, as the THP1 monocytes are suspension cells. The differentiated THP1

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

Effects of temperature and repeat layer spacing on mechanical properties of graphene/polycrystalline copper nanolaminated composites under shear loading

• Chia-Wei Huang,
• Man-Ping Chang and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 863–877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.65

• applying a consistent velocity to the composites along the x-direction. The grain size D of the simulation model ranges from 4.24 to 9.43 nm. Deformation and dislocation evolution of the model are analyzed and visualized using the Open Visualization Tool (OVITO). Results and Discussion Effect of

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• , Perkin Elmer, Shelton, USA). The silver standard solution (1000 mg/L in 5% HNO3) from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) was used for calibration. All prepared AgNPs were characterized by means of shape, primary size, size distribution, and surface charge in UPW. The particle visualization was performed by TEM

• samples were diluted 1:5 with PBS, dropped on a Formvar®-coated copper grid, air-dried, and examined by TEM. The TEM visualization was also employed to inspect possible transformation of ionic Ag to AgNP in mCYS and mGSH media by dissolving AgNO3 in each media at a concentration of 100 mg Ag/L. After 2 h

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• Winston et al. in Figure 5b [107]. Modeling and experimental measurements of the 2D point-spread function for HIBL (i.e., the spatial distribution of energy deposition, which determines the proximity effect) can be found in the same reference. Cai et al. extended this work to a 3D visualization of the

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• amplitudes the statistical standard deviation of the relative SICM height values (ca. 104 each, Figure 10a) was determined. For better visualization the data was binned and Gaussian fits were applied (Figure 10b). The resulting standard deviations in case of a living and a fixed cell are 21 nm and 9 nm

Scanning transmission helium ion microscopy on carbon nanomembranes

• Daniel Emmrich,
• Annalena Wolff,
• Nikolaus Meyerbröker,
• Jörg K. N. Lindner,
• André Beyer and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 222–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.18

• angle. Figure 6a shows the experimental results for both membranes. To determine the thickness, the position of the maximum needs to be compared to the simulations (see Figure 5). For visualization, the best-matching signal curve was plotted for each membrane. By this, the thickness of the thin and the

• based on Figure 5. Both curves are plotted for visualization. (b) Measurement of the same CNM (thin) at different energies to determine the variation of thickness results. The best-fitting curve at 15 keV yields a thickness of 2.4 nm per layer, at 30 keV it yields 2.0 nm per layer. Alteration of a CNM

Determination of elastic moduli of elastic–plastic microspherical materials using nanoindentation simulation without mechanical polishing

• Hongzhou Li and
• Jialian Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 213–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.17

• Natural Science Foundation of China (51103173). Author Contributions Chen Jialian: Investigation. Li Hongzhou: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Resources, Data Curation, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Visualization, Project administration

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• the in-lens detector for secondary electrons. For the visualization of fluorochromes a confocal laser scanning microscope CLSM 780 (Carl Zeiss, ibid.) has been used. The IRRAS spectrum was recorded using a nitrogen-purged Bruker Vertex70 spectrometer (Bruker Corporation, ibid.) with a PMA50

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• spectrometer) and 3D visualization (transmitted ion detector) in order to more fully characterise individual nanoparticles and their interaction with their environment (tissue, cells, etc.) […]” [59]. Sample preparation Sample preparation is critical to the success of imaging any biological material at high

• visualization of the shape of membrane nanodomains, including lipid rafts and caveolae.” It was concluded that the pits result from the sample preparation since “the cell fixation with OsO4 cross-links the lipid bilayer outside the nanodomains while the lipid bilayer inside the nanodomains is removed by the

Molecular dynamics modeling of the influence forming process parameters on the structure and morphology of a superconducting spin valve

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Roman Morari and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1776–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.160

• developed and implemented for a detailed study of the structure and spatial profile of a S/F material. The results were visualized using the Visual Molecular Dynamics (VMD) [42] and Open Visualization Tool (OVITO) [43] software packages, which not only provide images of nano-objects atomic and molecular

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• the nanoparticles [26]. Abakumov et al. revealed that nanoparticles coated with bovine serum albumin can be used for glioma visualization and drug delivery of anticancer therapeutics [34]. Analysis of the biocoating formation at the surface of nanoparticles is crucial for understanding the mechanisms

Monolayers of MoS₂ on Ag(111) as decoupling layers for organic molecules: resolution of electronic and vibronic states of TCNQ

• Asieh Yousofnejad,
• Gaël Reecht,
• Nils Krane,
• Christian Lotze and
• Katharina J. Franke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1062–1071, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.91

• unoccupied molecular electronic level. d–f) Visualization of the vibrational modes contributing to the satellite peak. The orange arrows represent the displacement of the atoms involved in these vibrations. Acknowledgements We acknowledge discussions with S. Trishin and J. R. Simon. Funding A. Yousofnejad

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Nicholas Chan,
• Carrie Lin,
• Tevis Jacobs,
• Robert W. Carpick and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

• mechanics models [22][23][24][25] to allow better visualization of surface interactions. While useful insights can be obtained using fully atomistic simulations, such as molecular dynamics simulations or density functional theory, these techniques are impractical for describing larger contacts with a large

Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

• Matthias Simolka,
• Hanno Kaess and
• Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

• resolution technique for the visualization of the activity compared to digital volume correlation [47][48] and digital image correlation [49], which have a resolution of 2 µm or more. Experimental Cell ageing and sample preparation The cells are commercial 26650 LiFePO4 cells from A123 Systems LLC with a

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• ; d: polyplex with scrambled siRNA; e: polyplex with VEGF siRNA. VEGF silencing slows down the migration of A549 cells. The cells were stained using 0.5% crystal violet for visualization and images were taken using phase-contrast microscopy. The scale bars represent 50 μm. (B) Migration of the A549

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• , some proteins act as heterodimers or in concert with other molecular partners, thus their overexpression might not produce any detectable effect if not combined with the overexpression of those partners as well. Overexpression is often used to allow for the visualization of fluorescently tagged

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• mechanism of detection on lateral flow strip and c) visualization of the presence of mutation. Reprinted with permission from [102], copyright 2012 Elsevier. The use of gold nanoparticles as fluorescence quencher in the discrimination of SNP through cyclic enzyme-aided polymerization and nicking of

A review of demodulation techniques for multifrequency atomic force microscopy

• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael G. Ruppert and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 76–91, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.8

• multiple frequencies Σyi(t) while being amplitude-modulated by the sample topography ym(t). Visualization of off-mode rejection in the frequency domain for a demodulator magnitude frequency response |G(2πf)| at fi with respect to fj. Functional block diagram of the multifrequency lock-in amplifier

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• solutions. The solvents are given in figures. We used samples with different concentrations to separate the curve maximums for clear visualization. Clumping of AuNP-siRNA during storage for eight days at 4 °C. Upper row, sample ×1; lower row, ×10. (A) and (D), freshly prepared samples; (B) and (E), samples

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• treatment for determining biomarkers in real samples. In this paper, we report an immunomagnetic nanoparticle-based microfluidic sensor (INμ-SPCE) for the amperometric detection of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) biomarker, the data of which were treated with information visualization methods. The INμ

• ; nanoarchitectonics; information visualization; sandwich-type immunosensors; screen-printed electrodes; Introduction The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) used in clinical diagnosis is present in normal prostatic secretions, but its concentration is often elevated in prostate cancer patients. In spite of its lack of

• sparked interest in computational tools [31]. For instance, information visualization techniques have been used to enhance the distinguishing ability of biosensors [32][33][34]. Discrimination of blood serum samples from patients with distinct probability to develop pancreatic cancer was made possible

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• (2.5 Å, Figure 5). Analysis of the NCI index allows for the visualization of the noncovalent interactions between the TTFTB ligand and the C60 guest, showing a significantly larger NCI surface for conformer B compared to conformer A (Figure 5b). Accurate hybrid DFT molecular calculations including

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• visualization of pathophysiological processes with high sensitivity but with relatively low spatial resolution and shallow penetration into the tissue [30][31]. Cyanine7.5 NHS ester (Cy7.5), a near infrared fluorescence dye, has attracted extensive attention from researchers in various fields, including optical

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• Ag L−1). The behavior of GSH AuNPs deviates considerably from the others and did not show any significant change in the side scattered light (SSC) ratio even at the highest dose applied, indicating no cell accumulation. The flow cytometry results on NP uptake were confirmed by visualization performed

• . The obtained NPs were carefully characterized by means of size distribution and surface charge employing dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) methods. The visualization of the NPs was performed using TEM. The most stable AuNPs and AgNPs with similar physico

• spectrometer (ICPMS) (Agilent, Waldbronn, Germany). Visualization was performed using a TEM 902A instrument (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany). The microscope was operated in the bright-field mode and at an acceleration voltage of 80 kV. The TEM samples were prepared on a Formvar®-coated copper grid (SPI

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• microscopy (ADRDM) The optical anisotropy of 1T’-WTe2 was characterized by ADRDM. The ADRDM measurements were conducted by measuring the normalized reflectance difference of two arbitrary orthogonal directions at normal incidence, which can provide a direct, accurate visualization of the anisotropy of low

• selected areas of the 1T’-WTe2 sample, indicating a highly different reflectance with the incident angle variation. Meanwhile, Figure 2c shows the ADRDM images, which were taken at different angles with N(θ) changes plotted in color scale. Both the quantitative and the visualization results demonstrate