Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

• Matthias Simolka,
• Hanno Kaess and
• Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

• a homogeneous high signal on planar locations inside the particle. The variation of the ESM signal inside the particle is most likely caused by the anisotropic ionic mobility of the olivine structure of LFP. The olivine structure exhibits preferential lithium-ion transport along the [10] channel of

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• the resin stacks compared to the anisotropic arrangement of the pitch stacks. Furthermore, the condensation of the resin precursor molecules generates water, which might contribute to the formation of closed voids. However, surprisingly even the pitch-based carbon does not form graphite, which is

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

• Markus Tautz,
• Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
• Joachim Hertkorn,
• Robert Weinberger,
• Martin Welzel,
• Arno Pfitzner and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

• , Spain 10.3762/bjnano.11.4 Abstract Roughening by anisotropic etching of N-face gallium nitride is the key aspect in today’s production of blue and white light emitting diodes (LEDs). Both surface area and number of surface angles are increased, facilitating light outcoupling from the LED chip. The

• , surface roughening is an integral part of flip-chip processing. The two approaches towards surface roughening are wet- and dry-chemical etching [11][12]. During wet etching, aqueous KOH and other alkaline or acidic solutions are commonly used to remove GaN from the N-polar surface in an anisotropic manner

Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica

• Quentin Evrard,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Felix Houard,
• Guillaume Calvez,
• Yan Suffren,
• Carole Daiguebonne,
• Olivier Guillou,
• Andrea Caneschi,
• Matteo Mannini and
• Kevin Bernot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2440–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.234

• could not be measured because of the geometry of the sample (large anisotropic plates) and the weakness of the emission signal. The excitation spectrum of the bulk is similar to the one already reported in the literature [31] with a main band at 339 nm and three small shoulders around 378 nm (5G6←7F6

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• moisture and air as well as sunlight. Sb2S3 has attractive properties (Eg ≈ 1.7 eV, absorption coefficient α ≈ 1.8 × 105 cm−1 at 450 nm, anisotropic structure, inorganic) as a light absorber for conventional and semitransparent photovoltaic use [12][13][14]. Sb2S3 has been incorporated as a solar absorber

Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process

• Nahid Hosseini,
• Matthias Neuenschwander,
• Oliver Peric,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Jonathan D. Adams and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2357–2363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.226

• by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. Circular openings (20 µm diameter) are then cut into the layer by electron-beam lithography. The LSNT mask is dry-etched before the moulds are structured by anisotropic KOH (40% at 60 °C) etching. The formation of {111} facets results in four-sided pyramidal

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• pollutants, as well as in electrocatalysis, solar cells and self-cleaning applications. Its wide use is based on its physicochemical properties, abundance, nontoxicity, environment-friendliness and low cost [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The photocatalytic properties of anatase TiO2 crystals are anisotropic since

The importance of design in nanoarchitectonics: multifractality in MACE silicon nanowires

• Stefania Carapezzi and
• Anna Cavallini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2094–2102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.204

• anisotropic wet etching technique where the sculpting of the nanostructures is catalyzed by a discontinuous thin film of noble metal deposited on a substrate. The metal works as a local cathode where the reduction of oxidants occurs. The underneath semiconductor is the local anode where a charge-mediated

Improvement of the thermoelectric properties of a MoO₃ monolayer through oxygen vacancies

• Wenwen Zheng,
• Wei Cao,
• Ziyu Wang,
• Huixiong Deng,
• Jing Shi and
• Rui Xiong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2031–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.199

• of the MoO3 monolayer exhibit an evident anisotropic behavior which is caused by the similar anisotropy of the electrical and thermal conductivity. The thermoelectric materials figure of merit (ZT) value along the x- and the y-axis is 0.72 and 0.08 at 300 K, respectively. Moreover, the creation of

• direction is larger than that along the Γ–X direction, which is an indication of anisotropic phonon transport. The thermal conductivity of the lattice, κph, along different directions as a function of temperature is depicted in Figure 1d. It is obvious that the thermal transport properties of the MoO3

• monolayer show an anisotropic behavior, where the thermal conductivity of the lattice along the x-axis is higher than that along the y-axis. At room temperature, κph is 5.38 and 3.07 W·mK−1 along the x- and y-direction, respectively. As a result of the intrinsic enhancement of the phonon–phonon scattering

First principles modeling of pure black phosphorus devices under pressure

• Ximing Rong,
• Zhizhou Yu,
• Zewen Wu,
• Junjun Li,
• Bin Wang and
• Yin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1943–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.190

• the magnitude and the orientation of the applied strain due to the strong anisotropic atomic structure of BP. Based on first principles calculations, Koda et al. studied the electric behavior of BP-MoSe2 and BP-WSe2 heterobilayers, and analyzed the effect of long-range structural bending on the

Correction: Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1922–1922, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.187

• and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin road, Tianjin 300072, China 10.3762/bjnano.10.187 Keywords: 1T'-WTe2; 2D material; anisotropic; light polarization; optoelectrical; The authors wish to add the following sentence to the Acknowledgement section: The optical anisotropic

• Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments (Pilt No. 1710), Tianjin research program of application foundation and advanced technology (15JCZJC31600). The optical anisotropic analysis of WTe2 was performed on the ADRDM system developed in Prof. Chunguang Hu’s group at Tianjin

Nanoarchitectonics meets cell surface engineering: shape recognition of human cells by halloysite-doped silica cell imprints

• Elvira Rozhina,
• Ilnur Ishmukhametov,
• Svetlana Batasheva,
• Farida Akhatova and
• Rawil Fakhrullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.176

• of various functional composite materials [26]. The anisotropic shape (hollow tubules having lengths from 300 nm to 1–2 µm, 50–70 nm diameter, and 20 nm lumen) and surface chemistry (outer surface of SiO2, inner surface of Al2O3) make these nanotubes ideal carriers for novel catalysts, polymer

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin road, Tianjin 300072, China 10.3762/bjnano.10.170 Abstract Anisotropic 2D materials exhibit novel optical, electrical and thermoelectric properties that open possibilities for a great variety of angle-dependent devices. Recently

• , quantitative research on 1T’-WTe2 has been reported, revealing its fascinating physical properties such as non-saturating magnetoresistance, highly anisotropic crystalline structure and anisotropic optical/electrical response. Especially for its anisotropic properties, surging research interest devoted solely

• to understanding its structural and optical properties has been undertaken. Here we report quantitative, comprehensive work on the highly anisotropic, optical, electrical and optoelectronic properties of few-layer 1T’-WTe2 by azimuth-dependent reflectance difference microscopy, DC conductance

Precise local control of liquid crystal pretilt on polymer layers by focused ion beam nanopatterning

• Maxim V. Gorkunov,
• Irina V. Kasyanova,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alena V. Mamonova and
• Serguei P. Palto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1691–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.164

• their reliable electro-optical switching [1]. The reason is of fundamental nature: Anisotropic LC phases arise due to collective intermolecular interactions in the LC bulk that allow for different LC orientations in the laboratory frame. Without external alignment, LC samples are randomly multi-domain

Graphynes: an alternative lightweight solution for shock protection

• Kang Xia,
• Haifei Zhan,
• Aimin Ji,
• Jianli Shao,
• Yuantong Gu and
• Zhiyong Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1588–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.154

• earlier bond breakage is observed, which results in a small out-of-plane deformation (ca. 29.87 Å, left panel of Figure 4e). It is interesting to note that the kinetic energy transmission region exhibits an elliptical shape (right panel of Figure 4e), which is expected because of the anisotropic

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• extensively explored because they often exhibit unique and superior properties due to quantum effects and anisotropic effects [40][41][42][43][44] (Figure 1). Synthetic methodologies to yield nanoparticles and zero-dimensional materials have been developed using conventional chemical methods and/or physical

• dielectric natures. Another distinctive characteristic of liquid interfaces is the anisotropic environment regarding molecular motion. Certain degrees of motional freedom exist along the interfacial plane, which can be deformed at the macroscopic level (compression, expansion, and bending). In contrast

• molecular controls based on external stimuli switching [184][185][186][187][188] (basics for molecular machines, Nobel prize in 2016 [189][190][191]). The anisotropic dynamics at liquid interfaces described above are expected to play a crucial role in the production of low-dimensional materials and systems

Magnetic segregation effect in liquid crystals doped with carbon nanotubes

• Danil A. Petrov,
• Pavel K. Skokov,
• Alexander N. Zakhlevnykh and
• Dmitriy V. Makarov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1464–1474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.145

• ratio the physical properties of this carbon nanomaterial vary greatly in different directions. In this sense, the anisotropic properties of CNTs (for example, thermal and electrical conductivities) are attractive for a wide range of applications, including nanoelectronics and optics [2]. A distinctive

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• sample [40]. Hence, another reason for the sudden drop of the magnetic anisotropy may be attributed to the increasing number of A-sites occupied with Co2+ ions, which leads to a reduced anisotropy because of the less anisotropic environment of the A-sites. Deepak et al. [41] observed a sharp decrease in

Fabrication of phase masks from amorphous carbon thin films for electron-beam shaping

• Lukas Grünewald,
• Dagmar Gerthsen and
• Simon Hettler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1290–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.128

• ). Pyramid-shaped trenches are generated beneath the thin films by anisotropic wet-etching of Si in a heated KOH solution (KOH + H2O in a ratio of 2:3, 80 °C, Figure 1a,c). The lithography mask was designed such that a 3 × 3 array of square-shaped SixNy thin films was produced on a single wafer (Figure 1b,c

• is not to scale as the SixNy windows and the Si wafer have a thickness of 120 nm and 200 µm, respectively. SEM images of the (b) top and (c) bottom surface reveal the 3 × 3 array of SixNy membranes and the pyramid-shaped trenches caused by anisotropic wet-etching of Si. The fabrication steps to

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• . Synthesis strategies of hierarchically designed TiO2 and ZnO nanoarchitectures with controlled morphology, crystallinity, anisotropic shape, and composition have been investigated recently. The aim was to obtain accessible and interconnected porous networks with increased specific surface area for the

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• that the AuNCs have an anisotropic crystalline structure. This result is similar to that obtained by Lakshminarayanan for the diffraction characteristic of 1–3 nm thiol-monolayer-protected clusters [21]. As for the fractions F72% and F90%, the {111} and {200} planes appear blurrier and the {220}, {311

Magnetic field-assisted assembly of iron oxide mesocrystals: a matter of nanoparticle shape and magnetic anisotropy

• Julian J. Brunner,
• Marina Krumova,
• Helmut Cölfen and
• Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva)

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 894–900, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.90

• iron oxide-truncated nanocubes using the slow evaporation of the solvent within an externally applied homogeneous magnetic field. Anisotropic mesocrystals with an elongation along the direction of the magnetic field can be produced. The structure of the directed mesocrystals is compared to self

• driven by competing of two types of anisotropic interactions caused by particle shape (i.e., faceting) and orientation of the magnetic moment (i.e., easy axes: <111>magnetite). Hence, these findings provide a fundamental understanding of formation mechanisms and structuring of mesocrystals built up from

• superparamagnetic nanoparticles and how a magnetic field can be used to design anisotropic mesocrystals with different structures. Keywords: directed assembly; magnetite; mesocrystal; nanoparticle; transmission electron microscopy; Findings In materials science, nanoparticles and their assemblies belong to the

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• water. The mechanism of this transformation between the CsPbBr3 PNCs and Cs4PbBr6 PNCs and their morphology change are studied, involving ions equilibrium, anisotropic growth kinetics, and CsBr-stripping process. Keywords: CsPbBr3 PNCs; Cs4PbBr6 PNCs; polar-solvent-free; reversible transformation

• dissociation of CsPbBr3 PNCs. Morphology changes are mainly ascribed to the anisotropic growth of the crystals. In addition, a reverse transformation from Cs4PbBr6 PNCs to CsPbBr3 PNCs can be achieved by adding water to pre-synthesized Cs4PbBr6 PNCs. The developed ultrasonication assistance results in the

Coexisting spin and Rabi oscillations at intermediate time regimes in electron transport through a photon cavity

• Vidar Gudmundsson,
• Hallmann Gestsson,
• Nzar Rauf Abdullah,
• Chi-Shung Tang,
• Andrei Manolescu and
• Valeriu Moldoveanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 606–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.61

• might view the system as one highly geometrical, anisotropic quantum dot. In that case, the quantum selection rules make the Rabi resonance between the lowest lying one-electron states to be caused by the paramagnetic electron–photon interaction for a y-polarized cavity field, and by the diamagnetic