Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• Abstract In this work, we analyze artificial heavy-metal solutions with ferrite nanoparticles. Measurements of adsorption effectiveness of different kinds of particles, pure magnetite or magnetite doped with calcium, cobalt, manganese, or nickel ions, were carried out. A dependence of the adsorption

• , for example such as linker concentration, heavy ions concentration, pH value, or inorganic core composition, and such studies are in progress and will be a subject of subsequent papers. Conclusion Ferrite nanoparticles doped with calcium, cobalt, nickel, or manganese show differences in ion adsorption

• depending on the type of core. This indicates that the strength of the interparticle interaction can be one of the parameters governing the adsorption capability. It has been confirmed that calcium-modified ferrite is the most effective in Pb case, but only when the core is modified by PA. In any other case

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• pollutants from water very effectively. Experimental Materials Both titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) and dicyandiamide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, India. Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O), acrylamide and D-glucose were supplied by MP Biomedicals, India. Ammonia solution (NH3 about 25

Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics

• Furqan Almyahi,
• Thomas R. Andersen,
• Nathan A. Cooling,
• Natalie P. Holmes,
• Matthew J. Griffith,
• Krishna Feron,
• Xiaojing Zhou,
• Warwick J. Belcher and
• Paul C. Dastoor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 649–659, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.60

• 110 °C for 5 min in nitrogen glove box. Under vacuum (2 × 10−6 Torr) calcium (film thickness ≈30 nm) and aluminium (film thickness ≈100 nm) electrodes (Ca/Al) were thermally evaporated. Film thickness The Film thickness of the active layer was determined based on an average of 4 scans by profilometry

Bombyx mori silk/titania/gold hybrid materials for photocatalytic water splitting: combining renewable raw materials with clean fuels

• Stefanie Krüger,
• Michael Schwarze,
• Otto Baumann,
• Christina Günter,
• Michael Bruns,
• Christian Kübel,
• Dorothée Vinga Szabó,
• Rafael Meinusch,
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 187–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.21

• ), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2·2H2O, ≥99%, Carl Roth), ethanol (EtOH; 99%, VWR), ethyl acetoacetate (EtAcAc, 99%, Alfa Aesar), glutaraldehyde solution (GA, 25% in H2O, Sigma-Aldrich), hydrogen tetrachloridoaurate(III) trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O, 99.99%, Alfa Aesar), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO780, nominal

Angstrom-scale flatness using selective nanoscale etching

• Takashi Yatsui,
• Hiroshi Saito and
• Katsuyuki Nobusada

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2181–2185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.217

• the etching characteristics using a two-dimensional Fourier analysis. Experimental Nanoscale etching For dry etching, we used Cl2 gas at a pressure of 200 Pa. 25 wt % calcium hypochlorous acid (Ca(ClO)2) was used as the source ion for wet etching. To dissociate the Cl2 or hypochlorous acid, we used a

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• ammonia, thereby enlarging the pH value. In turn, the formation of inorganic deposits (mainly hydroxyapatite, calcium oxalate and struvite) is promoted [5]. In ureteral stents with their maximum lumen of 1 mm, these deposits can completely block the drainage [6]. In both systems, the initial colonization

Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane

• Nicholas D. Cultrara,
• Maxx Q. Arguilla,
• Shishi Jiang,
• Chuanchuan Sun,
• Michael R. Scudder,
• R. Dominic Ross and
• Joshua E. Goldberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1642–1648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.164

• adapted from those reported previously [25]. For undoped GeH, stoichiometric amounts of calcium (Acros, 99%) and germanium (Acros, 99.999%) were sealed in quartz tubes under vacuum of less than 60 mTorr. The sample was annealed at 950 °C for 18 h, and slowly cooled to room temperature over the course of 2

• %), or antimony (Strem 99%) was used to replace germanium in the initial calcium and germanium mixture. Again, these materials were sealed in quartz tubes under vacuum and annealed following the same procedures as undoped germanane. The experiments with Sb resulted in the formation of a mixture of

• represents the dopant atom, blue is germanium, yellow is calcium and black is hydrogen. The number of dopants depicted here is purposefully inflated for visual effect. c) Powder XRD, d) Raman spectra, and e) FTIR spectra of GeH (black), 2.3% Ga:GeH (red), and 1.1% As:GeH (gray). The starred peaks in the XRD

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• synthesis and determine the long-term stability of the CAs. No cytotoxicity of NP concentrations between 0.5 and 1 mg·mL−1 was observed after exposure to human dermal fibroblasts over 24 h. Overall this study shows, that the CaF2:(Tb3+,Gd3+) NPs are suitable for medical imaging. Keywords: calcium fluoride

• is to create multifunctional NPs by precipitation and simultaneous doping of the NP matrix with various ions [8][9]. Due to their co-doping with lanthanide ions, NPs on the basis of calcium phosphate or gadolinium oxide are also detectable by MRI and PL [10][11][12][13]. In recent years, fluorides

• biocompatible agents for bone and teeth reconstruction [23]. Calcium fluoride exhibits a wide transparent spectral window (190–1100 nm), large band gap (approx. 12 eV), low refractive index and low phonon energy [14]. Because of the high stability and flexibility of the fluorite structure, a number of various

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• particles prepared by addition of copper(II) ions exhibit for this ratio a pronounced two-dimensional and disk-like morphology with a diameter of a single silica fiber of about 30 nm (Figure 7). Usage of calcium(II) ions alters the morphology to spherical structures (Figure 8). Calcination of the metal

• sorption measurements. The overall morphology is more or less preserved for the immobilization of these modified aggregates on the carbon fiber surface. Addition of copper(II) ions leads to two-dimensional, fan like structures located on the fiber surface, whereas calcium(II) ions redirect the morphology

• towards a pronounced three-dimensional structure (Figure 9). The diameter of the composite fiber reaches 12 µm in the case of copper(II) ions and up to 100 µm for the incorporation of calcium(II) ions accompanied with a less smooth coating. Thus metal ions can be incorporated in the silica shell

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• , D-14476 Potsdam, Germany Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.8.80 Abstract Understanding the mechanisms responsible for generating different phases and morphologies of calcium phosphate by elastin-like recombinamers is supreme for bioengineering of

• bind to and nucleate calcium phosphate. The benefit of using click chemistry is that the hybrid elastin-like-statherin recombinamers cross-link without losing their fibrillar structure. Mineralization of the resulting hybrid elastin-like-statherin recombinamer hydrogels with calcium phosphate is

• described. Thus, two different hydroxyapatite morphologies (cauliflower- and plate-like) have been formed. Overall, this study shows that crosslinking elastin-like recombinamers leads to interesting matrix materials for the generation of calcium phosphate composites with potential applications as

Selective detection of Mg²⁺ ions via enhanced fluorescence emission using Au–DNA nanocomposites

• Tanushree Basu,
• Khyati Rana,
• Niranjan Das and
• Bonamali Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 762–771, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.79

• detect the presence of metal ions in a solution. Calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) were chosen because of their high abundance and importance in nature. Au–DNA NCs are a convenient and time-effective approach to metal detection. As can be observed in Figure 9a, the detection of Ca2+ did not

• produce any fluorescence, and even upon adding Ca2+ to the herring sperm DNA solution, there was no change in the fluorescence of DNA. The intensity of bare DNA was comparable with the sample where calcium ions were treated with DNA. Similarly to the calcium ions, Fe2+ ions did not significantly affect

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

Biological and biomimetic materials and surfaces

• Stanislav Gorb and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 403–407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.42

• articles of this Thematic Series, Egorov et al. proposed a relatively simple protocol for 3D printing of complex-shaped biocompatible structures based on sodium alginate and calcium phosphate for bone tissue engineering [24]. The analysis of 3D printed structures shows that they possess large

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• membrane, which is a problem if an intracellular mode of action is desired, for example, with a nuclear receptor. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles can serve as carriers for small and large biomolecules as well as for synthetic compounds. The nanoparticles were prepared and colloidally stabilized with either

• flow cytometry. All proteins were readily transported into the cells by cationic calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Notably, only HTRA1 was able to penetrate the cell membrane of MG-63 cells in dissolved form. However, the application of endocytosis inhibitors revealed that the uptake pathway was

• different for dissolved HTRA1 and HTRA1-loaded nanoparticles. Keywords: calcium phosphate; endocytosis; nanoparticles; proteins; Introduction Many receptors for drugs or proteins are located inside cells [1][2]. However, because many biomolecules are not able to penetrate the cell membrane on their own, a

The cleaner, the greener? Product sustainability assessment of the biomimetic façade paint Lotusan^® in comparison to the conventional façade paint Jumbosil^®

• Florian Antony,
• Rainer Grießhammer,
• Thomas Speck and
• Olga Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2100–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.200

• , dispersion-based façade paint. In accordance with the reporting guideline [31], Jumbosil® consists of polymer dispersion, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, silicate fillers, talcum, water, glycol ether, aliphatic compounds, additives and preserving agents [33]. Jumbosil® is characterized by a density of

From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles

• Mihail Iacob,
• Carmen Racles,
• Codrin Tugui,
• George Stiubianu,
• Adrian Bele,
• Liviu Sacarescu,
• Daniel Timpu and
• Maria Cazacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2074–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.198

• ] using FeCl3∙6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O at a molar ratio of 1:2, calcium acetate ((CH3COO)2Ca) and glacial acetic acid. The identity of the compound obtained was confirmed by FTIR (KBr) ν: 3421 (s), 1586 (vs), 1420 (vs), 1349 (m), 1050 (w), 1033 (w), 715 (m), 663 (s), 618 (m), 468 (w), 561 (w); Anal. calcd for

“Sticky invasion” – the physical properties of Plantago lanceolata L. seed mucilage

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1918–1927, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.183

• acetylation [38][39]. The presence of calcium ions slows down water transfer to cellulose and pectins and thus increases the cell-wall stiffness [19][40][41]. Also the presence of boron in the pectic network causes the reduction of the amount of water and contributes the cell-wall strength [19][40]. We can

Facile fabrication of luminescent organic dots by thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt, and their use for cell staining and polyelectrolyte microcapsule labelling

• Nadezhda M. Zholobak,
• Anton L. Popov,
• Alexander B. Shcherbakov,
• Nelly R. Popova,
• Mykhailo M. Guzyk,
• Valeriy P. Antonovich,
• Alla V. Yegorova,
• Yuliya V. Scrypynets,
• Inna I. Leonenko,
• Alexander Ye. Baranchikov and
• Vladimir K. Ivanov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.182

• [56][57], with some modifications: instead of one polyanionic layer on the surface of microcapsules, a layer of negatively charged O-dots was used (Figure 8). Calcium carbonate microparticles were used as the template for fabrication of the nanocomposite shells. The first polyelectrolyte layer was

• the following layers: PAH/PSS/PAH/O-dots/PAH/PSS (Figure 8). The core–polyelectrolyte particles were washed three times with deionized water after each adsorption step. Finally, the calcium carbonate cores were dissolved in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 30 min. The microcapsules were

3D printing of mineral–polymer bone substitutes based on sodium alginate and calcium phosphate

• Aleksey A. Egorov,
• Alexander Yu. Fedotov,
• Anton V. Mironov,
• Vladimir S. Komlev,
• Vladimir K. Popov and
• Yury V. Zobkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1794–1799, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.172

• calcium phosphate (CP) for bone tissue engineering. The fabrication of 3D composite structures was performed through the synthesis of inorganic particles within a biopolymer macromolecular network during 3D printing process. The formation of a new CP phase was studied through X-ray diffraction, Fourier

• diameter ≈800 μm) and were found to possess compressive strengths from 0.45 to 1.0 MPa. This new approach can be effectively applied for fabrication of biocompatible scaffolds for bone tissue engineering constructions. Keywords: 3D printing; bone graft; calcium phosphate; composite materials; sodium

• number of biocompatible materials, such as polymers of different nature (both natural and synthetic), as well as a variety of calcium phosphates (CPs) are used for this purpose [2]. In this respect, the alginate-based materials are of particular interest. Alginate (extracellular polysaccharide) is a

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• ; Introduction Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a naturally occurring mineral (a form of calcium apatite), which is also an inorganic component of bones, with approximately 8 wt % water, 22 wt % protein and 70 wt % mineral. HAp is a form of calcium phosphate with the chemical formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and a hexagonal

• biological apatite, the main substituent is carbonate, which normally occurs at 5 to 8 wt % in bone mineral. Moreover, calcium deficiency is always observed in biological apatites along with a relatively low degree of crystallinity – with diameter on the order of 0.2 µm and smaller [16][17][18]. In the

• hydroxyapatite structure, PO43− anions can be substituted to a certain extent by carbonate groups, whereas calcium ions can be substituted by magnesium (≈0.7 wt %), sodium (≈0.9 wt %), potassium (0.03 wt %) chlorine (0.13 wt %), fluorine (0.03 wt %) and a few trace elements: Sr, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Fe. The

Photothermal effect of gold nanostar patterns inkjet-printed on coated paper substrates with different permeability

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Anni Määttänen,
• Petri Ihalainen,
• Maddalena Collini,
• Elisa Cabrini,
• Giacomo Dacarro,
• Piersandro Pallavicini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1480–1485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.140

• porosity and permeability as measured in Gurley seconds: substrate 1 (>40000 Gurley seconds, semi-permeable, two coating layers ), substrate 2 (7360 Gurley seconds, permeable, calcium carbonate (major component) and kaolin coating) and substrate 3 (non-permeable, latex coating). The PEG-decorated GNS were

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• : ATP depletion; calcium crystallization; cytotoxicity; endocytosis; HeLa cells; LDH; mesenchymal stem cells; morphology; necrosis; particle size; silica nanoparticles; TEM; Introduction Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs) are used in a wide range of commercially available products to improve product

• overall appearance of the cell – the more advanced the necrotic cellular breakdown the more distinct the dark material inside the mitochondria. These agglomerates might be due to deposition of Ca2+ salts within the mitochondria. EELS and EDX measurements revealed a significantly raised content of calcium

• increasing the permeability of the plasma membrane. The accumulation of calcium taking the form of insoluble hydroxyapatite (Ca phosphate) inside mitochondria during a necrotic process is a well-known and documented phenomenon during this process [37][38]. A lot of data concerning cytotoxicity of

Preparation of alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin micro- and nanoparticles loaded with anti-tuberculosis compounds

• Albert Ivancic,
• Fliur Macaev,
• Fatma Aksakal,
• Veaceslav Boldescu,
• Serghei Pogrebnoi and
• Gheorghe Duca

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1208–1218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.112

• -mannuronate and α-L-guluronate units [29]. Sodium alginate forms gels in the presence of certain bivalent cations, particularly calcium ions, and entrap other materials in the formed gel structures [30]. Chitosan is a naturally occurring aminopolysaccharide [31] consisting of randomly distributed of β-1,4

• , probably due to the excess of β-cyclodextrin that adhered to the surface of alginate–chitosan matrix. The particles of systems 2, 3 and 5, compared to systems 1 and 4, are almost spherical. System 4 contains filamentous formations, characteristic for calcium alginate. Particles with sizes below 100 nm

• stretching band of the COO− group from 1595 cm−1 to 1604 cm−1. This leads to the conclusion that alginate ions interacted with calcium ions. Also we observe a shift of the band characteristic for OH groups: 3265 cm−1 for system 2, compared to 3279 cm−1 for β-CD, 3226 cm−1 for sodium alginate and 3289 cm−1

Reconstitution of the membrane protein OmpF into biomimetic block copolymer–phospholipid hybrid membranes

• Matthias Bieligmeyer,
• Franjo Artukovic,
• Stephan Nussberger,
• Thomas Hirth,
• Thomas Schiestel and
• Michaela Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 881–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.80

• ]. Solvent and monomers were purified prior to use. Toluene was stirred over Na–K alloy and benzophenone. Isoprene and ethylene oxide were purified in a two-step procedure: First, the monomers were stirred over calcium hydride for 1 h at −70 °C (dry ice–ethanol mixture), then transferred to a second flask

Influence of calcium on ceramide-1-phosphate monolayers

• Joana S. L. Oliveira,
• Gerald Brezesinski,
• Alexandra Hill and
• Arne Gericke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 236–245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.22

• interaction of C1P with the C2 domain of cPLA2α, an effector protein that needs the presence of submicromolar concentrations of calcium ions. The aim of this study was to determine the phase behaviour and structural properties of C1P in the presence and absence of millimolar quantities of calcium in a well

• -defined pH environment. For that purpose, we used monomolecular films of C1P at the soft air/liquid interface with calcium ions in the subphase. The pH was varied to change the protonation degree of the C1P head group. We used surface pressure versus molecular area isotherms coupled with other monolayer

• techniques as Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD). The isotherms indicate that C1P monolayers are in a condensed state in the presence of calcium ions, regardless of the pH. At higher pH without calcium ions, the