Combined pulsed laser deposition and non-contact atomic force microscopy system for studies of insulator metal oxide thin films

• Daiki Katsube,
• Hayato Yamashita,
• Satoshi Abo and
• Masayuki Abe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 686–692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.63

•  1 shows a schematic diagram of the combined NC-AFM and PLD system that was developed. It includes UHV chambers for sample preparation, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and load locking. It is also designed to allow for adding surface analysis capabilities such as reflection high-energy

• electron diffraction (RHEED). Sample preparation and NC-AFM, STM and LEED measurements can be performed while keeping the sample under UHV. The PLD chamber was designed to be as small as possible for easy sample exchange and transfer. In addition, a small design would lead to smaller vibrations during AFM

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• mass under a vacuum and aged in an inert atmosphere at 150 °C for 1 h. The procedure was repeated with longer (2, 3 and 5 h) aging, followed by redispersing in 1 mL of chloroform and taking an absorption spectrum. Microscopy TEM images and small area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns were obtained

Colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles for label-free colorimetric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions

• Alessandro Buccolieri,
• Antonio Serra,
• Gabriele Giancane and
• Daniela Manno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 499–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.48

• been identified: very low ammonia concentrations from 0.01 to 0.2 ppm, high ammonia concentrations from 20 to 350 ppm and, most importantly, the intermediate or physiological range of ammonia from 0.5 to 10 ppm. Keywords: electron diffraction; electron microscopy; NH3 sensors; silver nanoparticles; UV

Kinetics of solvent supported tubule formation of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated by atomic force microscopy

• Sujit Kumar Dora,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Wilhelm Barthlott and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 468–481, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.45

• by a number of experimental techniques, e.g., X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), electron diffraction (ED) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques [16][17][18][19]. Out of the vast variety of wax morphologies, tubules constitute one of the most prominent types and can be distinguished into three

Gas-assisted silver deposition with a focused electron beam

• Luisa Berger,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Iwona B. Szymanska,
• Katja Höflich,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Jakub Jurczyk,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 224–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.24

• performed with the CASINO v3.3 software. All graphical data was further processed with Origin® 2015. A JEOL JEM2200fs with a JEOL EX-24065JGT EDX detector was used for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern indexing was performed using the CSpot software

• particles. Additionally, selective area electron diffraction (SAED) on this area clearly shows a diffraction pattern, confirming a crystalline deposit (Figure 3d) with diffraction rings matching the pattern of fcc silver as illustrated by the green rings. In the dark field (DF) STEM images in Figure 4 the

• . Large silver crystals were obtained with an average silver content of about 70 atom %. TEM and selected area electron diffraction confirmed the purity of the silver crystallites. Furthermore, electrical measurements on percolated line structures showed that the resistivity was 500 times better than that

Dopant-stimulated growth of GaN nanotube-like nanostructures on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy

• Alexey D. Bolshakov,
• Alexey M. Mozharov,
• Georgiy A. Sapunov,
• Igor V. Shtrom,
• Nickolay V. Sibirev,
• Vladimir V. Fedorov,
• Evgeniy V. Ubyivovk,
• Maria Tchernycheva,
• George E. Cirlin and
• Ivan S. Mukhin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 146–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.17

• /h on a substrate that underwent low-temperature (850 °C) annealing. It should be mentioned that in this case a silicon oxide layer covering the substrate was removed only partially or was not removed at all. This conclusion is based on the analysis of in situ reflection high-energy electron

• diffraction (RHEED) patterns: we did not observe (7 × 7) a Si surface reconstruction pattern while cooling down the substrate that was subjected to the low temperature annealing. On the contrary, when the high temperature annealing (at least 920 °С) was applied, we observed a clear (7 × 7) reconstruction

Transition from silicene monolayer to thin Si films on Ag(111): comparison between experimental data and Monte Carlo simulation

• Alberto Curcella,
• Romain Bernard,
• Yves Borensztein,
• Silvia Pandolfi and
• Geoffroy Prévot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 48–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.7

• ) and low energy electron diffraction have been used to follow the growth of Si films on Ag(111) at various temperatures. Using a simple growth model, we have simulated the distribution of film thickness as a function of coverage during evaporation, for the different temperatures. In the temperature

• honeycomb-chained triangle (HCT) reconstruction observed on a Ag/Si(111) surface, it has been hypothesized that the observed films could result from the growth of diamond-like Si with Ag acting as a surfactant [28]. Such conclusions were also supported by low energy electron diffraction (LEED) [29][30

Facile synthesis of silver/silver thiocyanate (Ag@AgSCN) plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic performance

• Xinfu Zhao,
• Dairong Chen,
• Abdul Qayum,
• Bo Chen and
• Xiuling Jiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2781–2789, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.277

• are detected in the sample (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1), showing the high chemical purity of the product. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of a single particle (Figure 1c) displays a set of bright spots, obviously suggesting the high crystallinity of the product

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

• Liane S. Slaughter,
• Kevin M. Cheung,
• Sami Kaappa,
• Huan H. Cao,
• Qing Yang,
• Thomas D. Young,
• Andrew C. Serino,
• Sami Malola,
• Jana M. Olson,
• Stephan Link,
• Hannu Häkkinen,
• Anne M. Andrews and
• Paul S. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265

• measured by electron diffraction [55][56]. At molecular resolution, scanning probe measurements have revealed the rearrangement of Au surface atoms [57][58][59], diffusion and alignment of adatom–adsorbate complexes [50][60], and phase separation of SAMs composed of molecules with different backbones or

Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment

• Domagoj Belić,
• Mostafa M. Shawrav,
• Emmerich Bertagnolli and
• Heinz D. Wanzenboeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2530–2543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.253

• Au NPs produced by FEBID in non-reactive environments [38][43]. The corresponding electron diffraction pattern given in the inset of Figure 1c is consistent with polycrystalline Au, revealing interplanar distances of (2.4 ± 0.1) Å, (2.1 ± 0.1) Å, (1.4 ± 0.1) Å, and (1.2 ± 0.1) Å that correspond to

• axis (FSA) and slow scanning axis (SSA), can be adjusted relative to the gas flux vector (GFV). (b) SEM image (45° tilt) of a Au nanopillar (NP) fabricated by FEBID. (c) TEM image of a FEBID Au NP, with the corresponding electron diffraction pattern given in the inset, confirming the polycrystalline

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• irradiated for 10 min (Co) or 15 min (Fe, Pr, Eu) at a power of 50 W to a temperature of 220 °C. Examples of selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns (Figures S4 and S6 in Supporting Information File 1) have been recorded with an FEI Titan 80-300 TEM [103], operated at 300 kV accelerating voltage

Laser-assisted fabrication of gold nanoparticle-composed structures embedded in borosilicate glass

• Nikolay Nedyalkov,
• Mihaela Koleva,
• Nadya Stankova,
• Rosen Nikov,
• Mitsuhiro Terakawa,
• Yasutaka Nakajima,
• Lyubomir Aleksandrov and
• Reni Iordanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2454–2463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.244

• program [24] was used to interpret the selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns and to identify the phase composition of the samples. Optical images of the processed areas were obtained using an Optica B-150 microscope. Results and Discussion Glass characteristics The as-fabricated glass was

Au nanostructure fabrication by pulsed laser deposition in open air: Influence of the deposition geometry

• Rumen G. Nikov,
• Anna Og. Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov,
• Georgi V. Avdeev and
• Petar A. Atanasov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2438–2445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.242

• pulses) in order to investigate the structure of the material ablated. The TEM and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) images were taken on a HR scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) (JEOL JEM 2100) to reveal the morphology and crystallinity of the as-deposited samples. For STEM

• procedure described in the Experimental section. The nanoparticles and aggregates produced in the ablated plasma led to the formation of a chain-like nanostructure on the substrate. SAED electron diffraction patterns of the nanostructure are also shown in Figure 1b. The interplanar distance from the main

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• corresponded to Cu species. In the corresponding selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern in Figure 3d only the diffraction rings belonging to CeO2, indicative of a polycrystalline structure, can be recognized. This result is similar to the previously reported literature [22]. Energy-dispersive X-ray

In situ controlled rapid growth of novel high activity TiB₂/(TiB₂–TiN) hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites

• Jilin Wang,
• Hejie Liao,
• Yuchun Ji,
• Fei Long,
• Yunle Gu,
• Zhengguang Zou,
• Weimin Wang and
• Zhengyi Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2116–2125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.211

• ), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), transition electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). The obtained TiB2/TiN hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites demonstrated an average particle size of 100

• to 30 nm. In order to further determine the internal microstructure and phase constitution of the as-synthesized samples, the high-resolution transition electron microscopy (HRTEM) (Figure 2d,f) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) (Figure 2e,g) analysis of the tapered nanorods and grains

• transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and the selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) instrument attached on the Philips CM12 TEM. The elemental composition and content of the samples was analyzed using an X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) attached to the S4800 FSEM. The chemical activity of the

A systematic study of the controlled generation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles on graphene using a chemical etching process

• Peter Krauß,
• Jörg Engstler and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.202

• modified etching process. Indeed we could confirm the contamination of synthesized and transferred graphene with crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles (Figure 2), as was first reported by Alemán et al. [39]. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) of the detected nanoparticles indicated formation of cubic

Coexistence of strongly buckled germanene phases on Al(111)

• Weimin Wang and
• Roger I. G. Uhrberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1946–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.195

• energy electron diffraction and core-level photoelectron spectroscopy. Experimental results show that a germanium layer can be formed at a relatively high substrate temperature showing either (3×3) or (√7×√7)R±19.1° reconstructions. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory suggest

• Ge3Pt tetramers. In another study, Au(111) was chosen as a possible substrate for the formation of germanene because alloy formation was believed to be avoided using this substrate. Deposition of one monolayer (ML) of Ge on Au(111) at ≈200 °C resulted in low energy electron diffraction (LEED) data

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• electron diffraction (SAED) shown in the inset is also consistent with a single-phase fcc structure [36]. The chemical composition of the bimetallic nanochains was evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Figure 4 shows the EDX spectrum with peaks

Charge transfer from and to manganese phthalocyanine: bulk materials and interfaces

• Florian Rückerl,
• Daniel Waas,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Martin Knupfer,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Francisc Haidu,
• Torsten Hahn and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1601–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.160

• composition is reached (phase 3). A detailed analysis of these data together with those from electron diffraction [56] revealed the existence of particular KxMnPc compositions (phases 1, 2, and 3). This, in general, parallels the behavior of other transition-metal phthalocyanines upon potassium doping, where

Comprehensive Raman study of epitaxial silicene-related phases on Ag(111)

• Dmytro Solonenko,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Guy Le Lay,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Patrick Vogt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1357–1365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.137

• , with a power density below 103 W/cm2, was used. LEED patterns were acquired in the energy range below 50 eV using a SPECTALEED, Omicron NanoScience optics. (a) STM topographic images (Ubias = −1.0 V, I = 1.08 nA) and corresponding low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) patterns (insets) of (a) 0.1 ML

Atomic structure of Mg-based metallic glass investigated with neutron diffraction, reverse Monte Carlo modeling and electron microscopy

• Rafał Babilas,
• Dariusz Łukowiec and
• Laszlo Temleitner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1174–1182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.119

• . Figure 7 presents a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image and corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns of a sample that was annealed at 473 K for 1 h. The annealing temperature was selected based on the results of the DSC measurements. The SAED image

• Mg24Y5 phases and an amorphous background for Mg61Y15Cu24 as-milled samples after annealing at 443 K for 30 min. Moreover, the authors identified the Mg and Mg2Cu phase by the synchrotron diffraction of Mg60Cu30Y10 bulk metallic glass after annealing at 473 K for 1 h. The nanobeam electron diffraction

• electron diffraction (SAED) pattern and details of the selected areas 1, 2, 3 (c,d,e) of a Mg65Cu20Y10Ni5 metallic glass after annealing at 473 K for 1 h. TEM images in (a) bright field and (b) dark field mode of a Mg65Cu20Y10Ni5 metallic glass sample after annealing at 473 K for 1 h. (a) HAADF-STEM image

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• -MWCNTs, which is in good agreement with the SEM result. Figure 2b shows a HRTEM image of the composites. There is an obvious secondary structure in which smaller Fe2O3 nanoparticles are formed on larger Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Figure 2c shows a HRTEM image and a selected area electron diffraction pattern of

• composites: (a) XRD patterns; (b) SEM image; (c) and (d) energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Fe2O3/COOH-MWCNT composites: (a) and (b) HRTEM; (c) HRTEM and selected area electron diffraction patterns of TEM. TG curve of Fe2O3/COOH-MWCNT composites. Electrochemical performance of the electrodes: (a

Analysis and modification of defective surface aggregates on PCDTBT:PCBM solar cell blends using combined Kelvin probe, conductive and bimodal atomic force microscopy

• Hanaul Noh,
• Alfredo J. Diaz and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 579–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.62

• aggregates have been verified to be clusters of semiconducting molecular layers resting on top of the active layer. Since the structure showed defective behavior in transporting charge carriers, it is helpful to determine their origin. It is difficult to use techniques such as X-ray or electron diffraction

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• based on a electron microscopy studies. The growth mechanism is generalized for rods, spindles, and nearly spherical nanostructures, obtained by varying the cation group in the quaternary ammonium hydroxides. Electron diffraction shows different predominant lattice planes on the edge and on the surface

• -resolution micrograph and the selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern in Figure S2 (Supporting Information File 1) indicates the crystalline nature of the seed particles. The lattice observed here shows a spacing of 0.12 nm corresponding to hcp Co(110). Furthermore, the size distribution of a

• area electron diffraction pattern (SAED), obtained with a 30 nm electron beam diameter (Figure 6b), confirms the hcp phase of cobalt. The SAED pattern acquired by an electron beam of 5 nm diameter provides a clear spot pattern highlighting the crystalline nature and various planes of a nanoplate