Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• eliminating toxic ingredients in the formulation. The BBR NPs were formed in order to improve the solubility and, in turn, enhance the antibacterial activity. Herein, the BBR NPs were prepared using a modified ASP method including sonication steps. Instead of the solvents utilized in previous reports [25][26

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• model. This was evidenced by a zone of inhibition of 29 mm for the microneedle formulation of ciprofloxacin (CIP_MN1) compared to 2 mm for the free gel of ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, the CIP_MN1 showed complete dissolution in human skin after 60 min from application. Finally, the skin deposition of

• microneedles are based on polymers such as PVA, PVP, chitosan, and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) [19]. In our study, polymer-based microneedles were optimized to achieve a formulation that can efficiently penetrate the skin. In this context, microneedles were studied regarding drug content and penetration of

• microneedle height of 188 ± 11 µm and an average square base diameter 49.5 ± 3.4 µm for the formulation of PVA/PVP (9:1) (CIP_MN1). CIP_MN2 showed a microneedle height of 179 ± 16 µm and a square base diameter of 44.2 ± 7.1 µm. As shown in Figure 4, the tips of the microneedles were sharp with less than 5 µm

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• holes created and will be taken, by diffusion, to the innermost layers to have its systemic action [5][12]. Coated microneedles are solid MNs made of inert material and coated with a formulation containing the drug to be administered [5][13]. After skin perforation, this lining is retained in the

• improved MN formulation for each type of PRP extract. Results and Discussion PRP quality assessment The PRP sample was obtained from an apiary in the northwest region of Paraná. It had a characteristic aromatic odor, resin gum appearance, and a greenish-yellow color, very characteristic of the north and

• studied. The ranges and concentrations used in this study were chosen so that the formulation obtained has a sufficient amount of PRP extract for biological activity [31][35][36]. Morphological analysis The formulations could successfully replicate the master mold shape (Supporting Information File 1

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), encapsulation efficiency percentage (EE%), and in vitro release. The best ETH formulation was used to prepare the ethosome-based gel (ETHG) by using Carbopol 980 as a gelling agent at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The gel formulation was evaluated

• neurodegenerative disorders [7][8][9]. However, there are some difficulties in the formulation of EGCG such as the first pass metabolism effect, enzymatic degradation, and low bioavailability [8][10]. Skin delivery, besides being painless and noninvasive, has many advantages such as controlled drug delivery

• formulation, and different concentrations of EGCG. These results are given in Figure 1. These obtained high viability rates demonstrate that all EGCG concentrations of 500 µg/mL and below, which is the initial concentration in the preparation of ETHs, did not cause any cellular toxicity. In addition, the

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• under genomic and oxidative stress conditions. Furthermore, this formulation had a long residence time (>19 days) in the murine joint after intra-articular injection [29]. In addition, microspheres with a higher surface-to-volume ratio can provide a three-dimensional (3D) environment for cell anchorage

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• this knowledge gap by evaluating formulation trends in SPNPs prepared by EHD jetting based on a series of carrier proteins and protein blends (hemoglobin, transferrin, mucin, or insulin). In general, blended SPNPs presented uniform populations with minimum diameters between 43 and 65 nm. Size

• matrix proteins on the physical properties of the respective nanoparticles. Specifically, this work systematically explores the relationship between SPNP formulation parameters and nanoparticle morphology, while also providing detailed insights into size distributions and uniformities. Results and

• occurred during jetting, with solid SPNPs deposited on the collection plate. Completion of the crosslinking was achieved through SPNP storage at 37 °C for 7 days. Multiple studies have shown that nanoparticle formulation, size, and surface chemistry are not the only factors governing the biological

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• examine the effects of PLGA addition on PLA nanofibers, PLA/PLGA nanofibers were produced by replacing 20 to 80% of PLA with PLGA in the F2 coded formulation containing 8% of drug. As seen in Table 2, the diameters of the PLA/PLGA nanofibers range from 447 to 820 nm. The addition of PLGA to PLA led to an

• extended up to ten days for the F2 coded formulation (containing 8% if drug) (Figure 3). In other studies conducted on different polymers and polymer blends and drugs, it was shown that the increase in the amount of drug caused a higher burst effect and faster drug release [13][22][23]. It was concluded

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Rouhollah Khodadust,
• Ozlem Unal and
• Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

• µg/mL. This is in agreement with the MTT assay results (Figure 5). The optimized formulation and dose were also applied to HeLa and MCF7 cell lines under identical conditions. Erb-tagged nanoparticles enhanced GFP transfection to HeLa cells but not as much as the transfection observed in HCT116, as

• @bPEI, and SPION@bPEI/PIC for 48 h (the doses are given in μg). The amount of bPEI, PIC, and SPION@bPEI given under each column identifies the amount of each component in the formulation given to the cells. The results are expressed as the mean of three independent experiments ± standard error and

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

• Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Xiaodong Jia,
• Marianna Kotzabasaki,
• Christiana Gousiadou,
• Stacey Lynn Harper and
• Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97

pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

• Karishma Berta Cotta,
• Sarika Mehra and
• Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

• concentrations due to toxicity concerns. Thus, we hypothesized that the overall zwitterionic and chelating properties could enable a pH dependent enhanced loading of NOR on to IONPs, independent of any additional stabilizing agent in the formulation, which would in turn permit their application. In the present

• composed of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) [41]. This high drug loading was also reflected by the presence of prominent NOR peaks in the FTIR spectrum of NOR@IONPpH5, compared to that in NOR@IONPpH10. Moreover, as desired in a formulation, the rate of drug release from NOR@IONPpH5 over the initial 4 hours was

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

• Gheorghe Stan and
• Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

• for the non-local contribution of the cantilever–sample coupling to the measured CPD is to assume the AFM probe (tip + cantilever) as two capacitors in series and add the two parabolic voltage dependences to the total electrostatic force: In this formulation, the AFM tip “sees” a local coupling

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

• Muhammad Atif Sattar,
• Najwa Al Bouzieh,
• Maamar Benkraouda and
• Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

• challenges in the formulation of strategies to improve the ZT values of the TE materials, particularly by utilizing affordable and Earth-abundant materials [1][6], and this is the task that may revolutionize the field of solid-state thermal energy conversion [7]. A higher value of ZT needs a large value of

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• nanotransporters, due to their liquid-phase lipids [61]. The intestinal permeation of a CUR-loaded NLC has been studied in vitro in Caco-2 cells [69]. The formulation protected the compounds from degradation under basic pH, significantly improved the solubility of CUR, and increased its apparent permeation

• environments because in this type of formulation, it is preferred that the nanoparticle is stable at pH 7.4 (pH of a healthy tissue) and that CUR release is carried out in an acidic pH, which is characteristic of tumor cell endosomes (pH 5.0–5.8) [39]. On the other hand, Bonaccorso et al. [85] compared CUR

• ± 12.25 nm, EE% 78.04 ± 0.54 >70% CUR). This was associated with the compatibility of the compound with the lipid medium and the presence of the surfactant in the polymer formulation (which has been reported to affect the % EE). In addition, they reported better cellular uptake of SLN, which was

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• on hydrogel-forming polymer microneedles [16][17][18]. Microneedle patch technology has the potential to overcome the challenges involved in mass vaccination against COVID-19 across the world and has already shown promising achievements in delivering lyophilised or liquid formulation-based vaccines

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• schematically in Figure 1 and produces about 270 mg of AgNWs, which could be considered a high-yield synthesis. Formulation of AgNW ink and fabrication of transparent conducting films A facile method was chosen for synthesizing the AgNW ink, which involved the mixing of an aqueous solution of the adhesive agent

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

• -targeting liposomes were among the first formulation types that employed this specific mechanism. Allen et al. reported that the lipid composition greatly affected the bone marrow affinity of the liposomes. The authors noted that phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine increased the uptake of the

• estimate that the high levels of BM accumulation for this liposome formulation were probably due to the presence of 20% DSPG in the liposomal bilayer. This yields an overall anionic surface, which is known to have an affinity for the scavenger receptor on BM macrophages. Other polyanions, such as dextran

• -selectin thioaptamer ligand (ESTA), which binds to E-selectin with high affinity and at the same time expresses minimal cross-reactivity to other selectin family members [36]. The formulation demonstrated an eightfold increase in the BM localization of the encapsulated liposomes, relative to the equivalent

Intracranial recording in patients with aphasia using nanomaterial-based flexible electronics: promises and challenges

• Qingchun Wang and
• Wai Ting Siok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 330–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.27

• individuals’ language deficits. The scientific study of aphasia, aphasiology, is important not only because it helps in the formulation of the best treatment methods for restoring the lost cognitive functions of individuals with aphasia but also because it provides another window into the brain mechanisms of

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• contributions, the addition of nanomaterials to packaging materials and films in the food industry is reported to have curbed issues regarding food spoilage and contamination [16], pests, and disease management due to the usage of a nanomaterial-based formulation in agriculture [17]. The inclusion of

• germination of seeds prove that the incorporation of nanotechnology in agriculture can boost crop production and the use of nanoscale pesticides [35] can improve crop protection. Silica is an example of a nanomaterial used in the formulation of nanoscale pesticides, which are used to control pest incidence

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• , respectively (DOX equivalent concentration 50 μg·mL−1, 48 h after incubation). Also, apoptosis ratios measured at a DOX concentration of 100 μg·mL−1 are all slightly higher for each formulation (Figure 10C,D). Living cell fluorescence images also confirm these results (Figure 10B). Furthermore, the raw SWCNTs

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• release and not by the lipid peroxidation. Lee et al. [123] synthesized SPIONs functionalized with dopamine and lactobionic acid for MRI and nuclear imaging of the liver. They showed that their formulation targets hepatic cells in vitro and is endocytosed within two hours. In vivo, SPIONs were mainly

• accumulated in the liver within minutes and, to a smaller extent in spleen, lung, bladder, kidney, making their formulation a good candidate for liver MRI analyses. SPIONs, independent of coating and external magnetic field, seem to accumulate mostly in liver, spleen, and lung [39]. SPIONs were found to be

Vibration analysis and pull-in instability behavior in a multiwalled piezoelectric nanosensor with fluid flow conveyance

• Sayyid H. Hashemi Kachapi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1072–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.92

• reader, all notation and symbols are presented in Table 1. Mathematical Formulation A schematic diagram of a multiwalled piezoelectric nanosensor with an embedded fluid-conveying inner layer, two piezoelectric layers, and a viscoelastic foundation medium in the outer layer is shown in Figure 1a–c. The

• -MWPENS. Two cases of surface density studied. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 43: Subsections of “Mathematical Formulation” as well as an “Appendix” section. Supporting Information File 44: MATLAB program code for the current paper. In the ZIP file, all programs written in MATLAB

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• advantages over PBCA. They are FDA-approved and have a slower degradation rate than PBCA, allowing for a more sustained delivery [148][149]. Furthermore, a formulation of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin (NanoBB-1-Dox) has been investigated in a phase-I clinical trial for the treatment of

• targeting liposomal drug delivery system was then developed by conjugating peptide-22 and c(RGDfK), a ligand of integrin αvβ3 that showed ability to target glioma cells, to liposomes loaded with doxorubicin. This formulation was tested in vivo on an intracranial glioma-bearing mouse model. The nanocarrier

• recognizing the cell-penetrating peptide R8-dGR, which could bind to both integrin αvβ3 and neuropilin-I receptors, was used to functionalize liposomes [154]. This formulation was tested in vitro and in vivo on intracranial glioma-bearing mice. The R8-dGR-conjugated liposomes could cross the bEnd.3 (murine

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• between the number of numerous formulation types synthesised in research laboratories and those approved for clinics [1], mainly due to the lack of understanding on the nanoparticles (NPs) behaviour in complex media that can affect their efficacy and their biocompatibility [2]. Safe-by-design (SbD

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• interactions are based on their matching degree and concentration. Thus, the difficulty lies in the availability of these host and guest molecules coupled to charge repulsion between polymers. Encapsulation The formulation of nanocarrier systems is effective only if sufficient encapsulation of molecules can be