Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• temperature to the required values because of the proximity effect. One of the most common pairs is titanium with gold [1][8]. Moreover, there are at least two materials that in pure form already possess TC close to the required value, iridium with a critical temperature of 112 mK [9] and hafnium with one of

• in different transition temperatures at heating and cooling. The presumed reason is the heating of the film sample C1 through the measuring pogo pin contacts made of gold-coated brass and the contact resistance between the contacts and the film. Samples A1–A4 and B1 were measured through the same

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• metals and efficient degradation of 4-NP. For enabling linker-free/ligand-free detection of heavy metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-NP, CTAB was engineered as a versatile capping agent on gold and silver nanoparticles. Various factors, including nanoparticle characteristics such as shape, size

• degrading 94.37% of 4-NP within 1 min. In contrast, silver nanospheres effectively detected Hg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ at concentrations as low as 1 ppm and degraded 90.78% of 4-NP within 30 min. Moreover, anisotropic gold nanorods (CTAB-AuNR1 and CTAB-AuNR2) showed promising sensing capabilities towards Cu2

• protection. Keywords: catalysis; CTAB; heavy metal; nanoparticles; 4-nitrophenol; sensing; Introduction Metal nanoparticles are widely used for a great number of applications owing to their excellent optochemical properties and high surface-to-volume ratio in comparison to bulk materials. Noble metal (gold

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• on the grooming structures. The specimens were deposited on aluminum stubs using double-sided adhesive tape. Before the analysis, the samples were sputter-coated with a thin layer of gold (8 nm) using a Q150 T ES (Quorum, Laughton, UK) for 30 s. The samples were then analyzed in a field-emission

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within a glucosamine/alginate (GluN/Alg) nanocomposite via an ionotropic gelation mechanism in aqueous environment. The resulting nanocomposite, AuNPs@GluN/Alg, underwent thorough characterization using UV–vis, EDX, FTIR, SEM, TEM, SAED, and XRD analyses. The spherical

• nanocomposite as a versatile catalyst with promising applications across various industrial sectors. Keywords: catalysis; gold nanoparticles; organic dyes; organometallic nanocomposites; reduction; Introduction Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have garnered significant attention because of their exceptional

• Materials The study utilized reagents and chemicals without additional purification. Glucosamine, gold(III) chloride, calcium acetate hydrate, sodium alginate, sodium tetrahydroborate, 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and methyl orange were procured from Acros Scientific (Belgium). Distilled water was used

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• modalities of actively targeted usNPs and their current applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment. 2 Inorganic ultrasmall NPs in cancer nanomedicine Important classes of inorganic usNPs under investigation for cancer nanomedicine include metallic usNPs (gold, silver), oxide and sulfide usNPs (silica

• ][32][33][34][35]. Additionally, certain types of usNPs, especially gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), manifest molecule-like physical and chemical properties, such as luminescence [36][37]. Simultaneously, usNPs – whether used alone or conjugated to drugs, diagnostic probes, and targeting ligands – can

• inorganic core, exemplified by the S–Au bond formed between cysteine-containing molecules and gold NPs [90][91][92]. Actively targeted AuNCs can also be prepared using bioactive peptides or proteins via a one-step biomineralization process, in which case the peptide or protein serves the purpose of both

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• Xiamen Medical College, Fujian, China School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast QLD 4222, Australia 10.3762/bjnano.15.97 Abstract Ion beam-induced heat damage in thermally low conductive specimens such as biological samples is gaining increased interest within the scientific

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Leo 440) was utilized for morphological characterizations of the SNPs; lyophilized SNPs were coated with gold, and the samples were placed in the SEM. The zeta potential the of DOX-SNPs was measured by using a Nano Zetasizer (NanoS, Malvern Instruments, London, UK

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• difference (LCPD) between a probe tip and a surface, related to the work function. Here we use this technique to map the LCPD of graphene nanoribbons grown on a Au(111) substrate. The LCPD data shows charge transfer between the graphene nanoribbons and the gold substrate. Our results are corroborated with

• gold layer was fixed using the optimized bulk lattice constant (aAu = 0.2897 nm). The initial positions for the geometry optimizations were chosen according to the structure reported in [35]. Section I of Supporting Information File 1 shows further details about the geometry of the calculations. We

• and Discussion A topographic image of GNRs on the Au surface is shown in Figure 1a. While most GNRs are attached to gold step edges or to other ribbons, we additionally observe isolated individual ribbons. When the tip and the GNR are brought close together, electrostatic forces between tip and sample

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• functionality [23][24]. Here, skin depth refers to the penetration depth of an electromagnetic field into a (non-transparent) metallic material. While pure metal deposition by direct electron beam writing was demonstrated for gold precursors with inorganic ligands [25][26], high purity comes often at the

• density of silver particles with a transition to continuous silver towards the bottom. Similar non-uniform deposit structures were observed earlier. For pillar deposition of gold using Me2Au(acac) in a water atmosphere at about 1 Pa pressure, a solid metallic core surrounded by a carbon-rich shell was

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• , liver-targeted nanocarriers are needed to increase the drug concentration in the liver with minimum off-target effects. For this purpose, both passive and active targeting strategies of nanomedicine-based drug deliveries have been studied. Liposomes, micelles, solid lipid NPs, and gold NPs are examples

• hydrophilicity [25]. For instance, the passive liver targeting strategy highly depends on the size of nanocarriers as the endothelial fenestrations of liver sinusoids span approximately 50–200 nm in diameter (Figure 2a). In their study, Hirn and co-workers revealed that 50% of small gold NPs (around 1.4 nm) were

• accumulated in the liver after systemic administration. As the size was increased into 200 nm, the fraction of gold NPs accumulated in the liver was further increased to 99% [26]. The fact that around 80–90% of all macrophage population resides in the liver also contributes to the passive accumulation of NPs

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• , leading to superior functionality and enhanced metal sensing capabilities [111]. He et al. developed fluorescent fibers from alginate reinforced with gold (Au) nanoclusters by using a wet-spinning technique [112]. The fluorescent fibers exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity towards Cu2+ and Hg2

• detecting H2O2. The researchers obtained broad linearity between 5 and 1000 M H2O2, a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 M, good accuracy (3.5%), recovery (95–105%), and high selectivity. Gold nanoparticles loaded on a hydrogel based on alginate (Alg) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) showed excellent

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• Abstract The present study investigates the effects of input wavelength (1064, 532, and 355 nm) and surrounding liquid environment (distilled water and aqueous NaCl solution) on the picosecond laser ablation on silver (Ag), gold (Au), and Ag/Au alloy targets. The efficacy of the laser ablation technique

• investigated the impact of 355, 532, and 1064 nm wavelengths on picosecond laser ablation of silver, gold, and silver/gold alloy samples within two distinct liquid media: distilled water (DW) and aqueous NaCl solution. Significant variations in the productivity and size of NPs were observed across different

• . Stability tests revealed that NPs in the electrolyte (NaCl) solution displayed a quicker decline in SERS signal than those obtained in DW, despite satisfactory initial signal strengths. However, gold NPs in DW demonstrated optimal long-term stability, maintaining uniform SERS intensities over 60 days

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• 1) or by the use of gold whiskers for direct electrical contact (configuration 2, called sample 2). Sample 1 in a shows a bolometer configuration with lateral contact pads for micro-nano integration with potential for high integration densities. However, the initial devices in this configuration 1

• hot plate as well as the modulated laser beam [18]. Both configurations, with metal contact pads (sample 1) and direct gold whisker contacts (sample 2), were characterized. The resulting I–V curves and the device resistance as a function of the temperature are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6

• contact pads and (b) sample 2 with direct contacts using gold whiskers with a diameter of 20 μm. (c) Responsivity measurement setup using a preamplifier and (d) responsivity as well as noise measurement setup using a lock-in amplifier. Panels (a) and (b) do not represent the real dimensional relationships

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• Evangelos Voyiatzis Eugenia Valsami-Jones Antreas Afantitis NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom 10.3762/bjnano.15.81 Abstract The thermal response of gold and platinum

• possess a higher level of crystallinity than the gold counterparts under the same conditions because of the stronger cohesive forces that drive the crystallization process. This observation is also supported by the simulated X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the nanomaterials. The larger NPs have a

• employed to study other metallic and metal oxide nanomaterials. Keywords: crystallization; gold; molecular dynamics; nanoparticles; platinum; Introduction Nanomaterials, that is, materials with dimensions in the range of 1–100 nm [1][2], are central to a variety of developments in science and technology

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• measurements of interfacial potential by means of the extended-gate structure combined with ferrocenyl–alkanethiol-modified gold electrodes [110]. This structure uses reusable back-end detection parts and disposable front-end biosensing chip parts. A quasi-reference electrode is made using Ag/AgCl. The front

• -end biosensing parts are made using gold electrode material and manufactured by a lithography process, liftoff technique, and metal evaporation process. It has been indicated that the proposed EG FET-based biosensors exhibit super selectivity and high sensitivity for a reliable detection of uric acid

• bilayer of gold and TiO2 was used for the drain and source electrodes [112]. The body channel length is equal to 1 µm, and the cavity region thickness varied from 5 to 10 nm. It was demonstrated that BE TC OTFT is four times more sensitive compared to the metal-trench dielectric-modulated organic tunnel

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• beam-induced deposition (FEBID). It was recently achieved for gold deposits by the co-injection of a water precursor and the gold precursor Au(tfac)Me2. In this work results are reported, using the same approach, on a different gold precursor, Au(acac)Me2, as well as the frequently used platinum

• precursor MeCpPtMe3. As a water precursor MgSO4·7H2O was used. The purification during deposition led to a decrease of the carbon-to-gold ratio (in atom %) from 2.8 to 0.5 and a decrease of the carbon-to-platinum ratio (in atom %) from 6–7 to 0.2. The purification was done in a regular scanning electron

• microscope using commercially available components and chemicals, which paves the way for a broader application of direct etching-assisted FEBID to obtain pure metallic structures. Keywords: FEBID; gold; nanofabrication; platinum; purification; Introduction Focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• glycerin (descending) and ethanol (ascending) mixtures. Afterwards, samples were dehydrated in an ascending ethanol series and dried using a Leica EM CPD300 (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) critical point drier. The tarsi were mounted on SEM stubs and sputter-coated with 10 nm gold–palladium in a Leica Bal-TEC

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• of metal and oxygen atoms as descriptors in metal oxide models [15][16]. It is also common to find single-element descriptors based on the physicochemical properties of pure elements. The use of single-element descriptors is trivial in single-metal nanoforms, such as silver or gold nanoparticles [17

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• high-performance scanning electron microscope (JSM-6380LV, JEOL, Japan), with a resolution of 3.0 nm. Before the measurements, all the samples were fixed on a tape and coated with gold using a JFC-1200 Sputter Coating System (JEOL, Japan). Images of the samples were taken at 1000×, 5000×, and 10000

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• silicon (100) substrates (Siegert Wafer). These substrates were covered with a nucleation layer in the form of gold nanoislands sputtered using a turbomolecular-pumped coater Quorum Q150T ES. CuO films were obtained according to the following procedure. First, an aqueous solution of copper(II) acetate

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• into heat energy is an intrinsic optical property of metal nanoparticles when irradiated using near-infrared radiation. However, the impact of size and shape on the photothermal behaviour of gold nanomakura particles possessing optical absorption within 600–700 nm as well as on incorporation in

• hydrogels is not well reported. In this study, nanomakura-shaped anisotropic gold nanoparticles (AuNMs) were synthesized via a surfactant-assisted seed-mediated protocol. Quaternary cationic surfactants having variable carbon tail length (n = 16, 14, 12) were used as capping for tuning the plasmon peak of

• gold nanomakura within a 600–700 nm wavelength. The aspect ratio as well as anisotropy of synthesized gold nanomakura can influence photothermal response upon near-infrared irradiation. The role of carbon tail length was evident via absorption peaks obtained from longitudinal surface plasmon resonance

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• % for gold [68][69] to a completely oxidized bulk volume, for example, for nickel [70]. In contrast, laser reduction in water leads to the reduction of metal salts and, thus, to the nucleation of metallic nanoparticles [36][71]. Hence, water acts as an oxidizing agent in the context of LAL, LFL, and LML

• resulting in nanoparticles, depicting the ambivalent behavior of ROS. Nanoparticle surface oxidation during LSPC can either be suppressed by degassing the water used [86][87] or amplified by adding salts such as NaCl [88]. Ziefuß et al. found an inverse linear trend during the LFL of gold when correlating

• the ionic strength of the added salts and the obtained gold particle size (Figure 2). The surface oxidation increased with the anion’s surface charge density until a plateau of around 60% was reached. A further increase in ionic strength showed no change in surface oxidation, which was attributed to

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• , the dry pretarsal arolium and tarsal euplantulae were dissected at the centre using two fine tweezers to achieve a clean breaking edge. The samples were mounted on aluminium stubs and sputter-coated with a 10 nm layer of gold–palladium (Leica BalTec SCD 500, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). The images were

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• , section S1 for more details on the simulation). Sidewall slope evolution under FEBIE To experimentally study the modification of the sidewalls of a FEBID structure, carbon structures were first deposited on a silicon substrate with a 20 nm gold–palladium layer and a 5 nm titanium adhesion layer. The

• substrate with a 20 nm gold–palladium layer and a 5 nm titanium adhesion layer. The line was patterned in 500 passes with a dwell time of 500 µs, using a 5 keV beam and 100 pA current with a defocus of 100 nm. Prior to the FIB milling the line was covered with a protective layer of FEBID Pt/C from the

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• thermal stability, high polarity, low vapor pressure, and low toxicity, which makes DESs promising candidates for the replacement of thousands of industrial solvents [24][25]. DESs are so versatile that they have been used for nanomaterials synthesis [26][27]. Regarding plasmonic materials, gold