Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• parts of the cantilever, we used the onward and backward differentiation given in Equation 22 and the central differential quotient of the second order given in Equation 23, respectively. The step size was chosen to be 1·10−10 m with a total number of 1,000,000 steps. Models of the first and the second

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• delivery, tissue engineering, and implants [7]. Methods of CNT/CNF synthesis include (a) chemical vapor deposition, (b) arc discharge, (c) flame synthesis, and (d) laser ablation [1]. Flame-assisted synthesis is a promising method for efficient and continuous one-step production. Various flame

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• -sheet oligomers. This property is particularly significant as β-sheet formation is a critical step in the aggregation pathway leading to neurotoxic amyloid fibrils [70]. Further investigations revealed that fullerene C60 interacts strongly with non-polar aliphatic groups in polar residues of the GNNQQNY

• demonstrated a linear response over nine orders of magnitude, with a detection limit of 1 fg/mL. This approach holds promise for early diagnosis and treatment of amyloid-related diseases [64]. Moreover, antibodies can facilitate the uptake of NPs by cells, a crucial step for delivering therapeutic payloads to

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• transfer resistance. A modulation of the Rct magnitude was observed after each modification step on the working electrode of the biosensor (Supporting Information File 1, Figures S2–S6). Finally, the circuit is connected in series to a Warburg element (Wz) representing the diffusion of the [Fe(CN)6]3−/4

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• , though they follow a two-step process similar to lithography techniques [26]. Since the dissociation of molecules under an electron beam on the substrate can follow multiple pathways, the deposition parameters can greatly influence the composition, leading to the creation of novel materials [27

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). Data were collected at a scan speed of 2°/min with a step size of 0.05°. SEM images were acquired using a FEI Nova NanoSEM 450 electron microscope. For this purpose, samples were mounted on holders and coated with a thin layer of gold prior to observation. Temperature-programmed

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• = 0.5, that is, the spatial integration step; Δt = 10−3 is the time step. The Fourier spectral method is used [45][46] to take spatial derivatives. As initial conditions, we assume that the substrate is free of adsorbates by taking x(r,0) = 0; boundary conditions are periodic. We fix σ2 = 0.01 for all

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• zinc nitrate hexahydrate solution. The resulting solution was stirred for approximately 10 min at room temperature. After the reaction time, a 1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution was gradually added drop by drop. This step adjusted the pH of the mixture to 10. Then the mixture underwent further

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• increase in the radiation absorption efficiency inside transparent materials because of the implosion of the absorbed energy during propagation [39]. It is crucial to understand the early-stage mechanisms of PLAL to correlate them to NP size control. Plasma plume formation and expansion is a critical step

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• a CaCl2 electrolytic solution (CaCl2 5 g, H2O 30 mL, acetone 2 mL). An alternating current (AC) voltage (50 Hz, 1–10 V) is applied between the tip and a gold ring electrode with the etching solution in suspension resulting in a sharp tip, which serves as the probe. In a second step, the etched Pt/Ir

• tip is washed with isopropanol, then by Milli-Q water and dried with pure nitrogen gas. In the third step, the etched tip is cut to length and glued on by hand with silver epoxy to the free end of the tuning fork prong. Tip lengths are cut to approximately 200 μm to prevent unwanted potential lateral

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• nanoparticles is a step ahead of the reported studies. Polymer nanoparticles prepared from PEG–PCL are widely used for drug delivery, tumour targeting, and imaging [28]. To our knowledge, there is no report regarding using PEG–PCL nanoparticles (PEG–PCL NPs) as a contaminant detection system. Accordingly, we

• precipitation step is essential for purifying the nanoparticles and achieving a stable, solid-state product that can be easily collected and dried. Finally, the synthesized PEG–PCL NPs are characterized to assess their size and uniformity. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques measure the average particle

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• , A2033), poloxamer 407 (16758), calcium chloride, and mucin from porcine stomach (M1778) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Sunflower oil and sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) were from TCI Chemicals, USA. For in vitro studies, high-glucose DMEM and Pen-Step solution were purchased from Sartorius

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• , University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States 10.3762/bjnano.16.26 Abstract We developed a novel pulsed laser-assisted process for the fabrication of advanced composites of nonequilibrium gold nanoparticles on carbon fiber paper supports. Our one-step process integrates the generation of

• unattached catalyst material, which is especially problematic with precious catalysts. Overall, separate nanoparticle synthesis–attachment produces composites with adhesion, durability, electrical contact, and concomitant energy efficiency issues. Here, we report a new one-step pulsed laser grafting process

• 3 h (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4), likely due to buffering of protons in the aqueous bicarbonate electrolyte. Mixtures of H2 and CO2 are valuable precursors in carbon dioxide hydrogenation to produce synthetic fuels and chemicals [75][76]. Overall, our novel one-step aqueous pulsed

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• , Kurukshetra University. The grazing incidence angle was fixed at 0.5°. The diffraction pattern was recorded in the 2θ range of 20°–70° with a step increment of 0.07°. The optical properties of ZnTe/Qz films were analysed from transmittance spectra obtained using a Shimadzu UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer (UV

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• , attributed to the increased specific surface area and absorption capacity. Using a one-step hydrothermal process, Wu et al. [69] synthesized Bi-bridged Z-scheme BiOCl/Bi2O3 heterojunctions. The constructed binary photocatalysts exhibited 94.79% TC degradation efficiency owing to the enhanced separation of

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• rigidification effects and partial pore blockage. This rigidified polymer may also alter the effective MOF apertures, affecting MMM selectivity unpredictably [78][87][115][119]. The rigidified polymer defect typically forms during the solvent removal step, see Figure 4, where rapid solvent removal quenches the

• precursor slurry for higher MOF loadings [80][122]. Aggregation also tends to occur during the solvent removal step in the solvent casting method, further complicating MMM fabrication [122]. The tendency to form aggregates in MOF-based MMMs depends on the specific MOF and polymer used, their interactions

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• modified with niobium First, the clays were swollen; for this purpose, 2 g of bentonite clay was dispersed in 100 mL of water, and the resulting suspension was kept under stirring for 24 h. In this experiment step, the color of raw clay was brown (Figure 1a). Then, 3.14 g of NbOPO4 and Nb2O5 was added. The

• radiation (λ = 1.5410 Å) operating at 40 kV and 30 mA. Data were collected in scanning mode in steps between 4° and 75° (2θ) with a step size of 0.05°/s. The basal distance was obtained using Bragg's Law. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra were collected on a Perkin Elmer Frontier FTIR

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• accuracy of the experiment). Therefore, this step is immediately followed by condensation: The final composition of the hydrolysis products of alkoxides of titanium roughly corresponds to TiO1.5(OR)·yROH, where y = 0.15–1.00 depending on the nature of the alcohol. The residual carbon during thermal

• sample obtained in step (1), was stirred in TEOT at a mass ratio of 1:5 for 6 h at 25 °C. The sample was filtered off and then dried at 35 °C for 12 h. To hydrolyze TEOT that had diffused into the CTAB layers and to obtain TiO2 nanoparticles in the interlamellar space, 1.0 g of TEOT-impregnated MOR-L

• monochromatic Cu Kα radiation. XRD patterns of the studied compounds were recorded in the 2θ range of 5–70° with a step width of 0.0302°. SAXS patterns were recorded over a 2θ scanning range of 0.2–7.0° with a step width of 0.01°. Elemental analysis and morphology of synthetized TiO2/2D mordenite nanocomposites

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• to protect their cargo, promote extravasation, and reach the target tissue effectively. Fluid forces can strip NCs of their surface coatings, reducing their ability to adhere to vessel walls, an essential step for extravasation into the parenchyma of target tissues. Particles larger than 200 nm and

• activation, is a pivotal step in translating the therapeutic potential of RNA molecules into practical clinical applications, providing innovative solutions to the intricate challenges of nanomedicine. 6 Applications in liver and lung disorders NCs can be used to treat liver and lung diseases. Their ability

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• crucial for understanding the adsorption mechanism in a system and predicting its behavior [17]. Methods Gas sensor analysis with COMSOL Multiphysics To implement the methodology from the flow chart in Figure 1, we begin with pre-processing. During this step, we define the domain with physics modules

• of 0.6 cm are built as shown in Figure 2. Meshing is a crucial step in the simulation process, dividing a large domain into smaller parts to apply boundary conditions. For this model, tetrahedral elements with an element size of 0.5 mm were used as the primary mesh element throughout the body

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• procedure was used. Denaturation at 96 °C for 5 min was preceded by denaturation at the same temperature for 30 s, hybridization at 50 °C for 30 s for thirty cycles, with a final elongation step at 60 °C for 90 s. Later, the amplicons were sequenced using the ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer sequence detection

• °–80° (2θ), with a step size of 0.02° and a dwell time of 1 s per step. Reflectance was studied using UV–vis spectroscopy performed on a Shimadzu UV-2600 double-beam spectrophotometer. Nanoparticles were dispersed in deionized water at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, and the spectra were recorded in the